diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e881cb1..dd60163 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ git push origin v1.3.0-rc.1
 
 首次成功推送后，容器镜像会出现在 `biss` 所有者的软件包列表。Gitea 的软件包归属于用户或组织，不会天然归属于某个仓库；打开该软件包的设置页面，将它关联到 `Exam-Information-System`，即可让它显示在此仓库的“软件包”页。之后可使用 `docker pull git.biss.click/biss/exam-information-system:latest` 拉取。
 
-需要清空并重建空业务库时运行 `npm run reset-db`。需要测试数据时再手动运行 `npm run seed-test-data`；导入脚本会读取项目根目录的 `.env`，并根据 `DATABASE_CLIENT` 选择 SQLite 或 MySQL。它会生成 4 所学校、360 名批量考生及 360 条不同状态的报名数据，并明确不生成考场编排计划和准考证。省市区县下拉数据位于 `src/data/china-regions.mjs`，当前版本为国家地名信息库截至 2025-12-31 的三级快照，并补入和康县（653228）与和安县（653229）；从新版 CSV 更新时可运行 `node scripts/build-regions.mjs <CSV路径> src/data/china-regions.mjs`。
+需要清空并重建空业务库时运行 `npm run reset-db`；该命令与 `npm run initialize-system` 使用同一套初始化流程，会读取项目根目录的 `.env`，并根据 `DATABASE_CLIENT` 选择 SQLite 或 MySQL。也可通过 `npm run reset-db -- --sqlite` 或 `npm run reset-db -- --mysql` 显式选择数据库；MySQL 中存在无法识别为样例数据的业务记录时仍会拒绝覆盖，只有确认目标可清空后才能追加 `--force`。需要测试数据时再手动运行 `npm run seed-test-data`；导入脚本会生成 5 所学校、1200 名批量考生及对应的不同状态报名数据。省市区县下拉数据位于 `src/data/china-regions.mjs`，当前版本为国家地名信息库截至 2025-12-31 的三级快照，并补入和康县（653228）与和安县（653229）；从新版 CSV 更新时可运行 `node scripts/build-regions.mjs <CSV路径> src/data/china-regions.mjs`。
 
 ## 数据库配置
 
diff --git a/database.mjs b/database.mjs
index 8fc9565..348c887 100644
--- a/database.mjs
+++ b/database.mjs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { dirname, join, resolve } from 'node:path';
 import { mysqlSchema, sqliteSchema } from './src/database/schema.mjs';
 import { createSqliteAdapter } from './src/database/sqlite-adapter.mjs';
 import { createMysqlAdapter } from './src/database/mysql-adapter.mjs';
+import { CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION } from './src/database/version.mjs';
 
 export const relationalTables = [
   'schema_metadata',
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ export function buildSeedOperations(state) {
   const nullable = value => value == null || value === '' ? null : value;
 
   add(
-    'UPDATE schema_metadata SET schema_version = 20, app_version = ?, self_registration_enabled = ?, created_at = ? WHERE id = 1',
+    `UPDATE schema_metadata SET schema_version = ${CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION}, app_version = ?, self_registration_enabled = ?, created_at = ? WHERE id = 1`,
     Number(state.meta?.version || 1), state.settings?.selfRegistrationEnabled ? 1 : 0,
     state.meta?.createdAt || new Date().toISOString()
   );
diff --git a/scripts/import-test-data.mjs b/scripts/import-test-data.mjs
index 7d34f30..fb40c57 100644
--- a/scripts/import-test-data.mjs
+++ b/scripts/import-test-data.mjs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { loadEnvFile } from 'node:process';
 import { buildSeedOperations, createDatabase, relationalTables } from '../database.mjs';
 import { createBaseDatabase } from '../src/data/base.mjs';
 import { createSeedDatabase } from '../src/data/seed.mjs';
+import { CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION } from '../src/database/version.mjs';
 
 const root = resolve(process.cwd());
 const envPath = join(root, '.env');
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ async function prepareMysql() {
     }
 
     const [metadataRows] = await connection.query('SELECT schema_version FROM schema_metadata WHERE id = 1');
-    if (Number(metadataRows[0]?.schema_version) !== 16) {
-      throw new Error(`MySQL 数据库结构版本不是 v16（当前 ${metadataRows[0]?.schema_version ?? '未知'}），请先完成结构初始化`);
+    if (Number(metadataRows[0]?.schema_version) !== CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
+      throw new Error(`MySQL 数据库结构版本不是 v${CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION}（当前 ${metadataRows[0]?.schema_version ?? '未知'}），请先完成结构初始化`);
     }
 
     const [examPartitionRows] = await connection.query(
diff --git a/scripts/reset-dev-database.mjs b/scripts/reset-dev-database.mjs
index 345e88b..9492a52 100644
--- a/scripts/reset-dev-database.mjs
+++ b/scripts/reset-dev-database.mjs
@@ -1,35 +1,4 @@
-import { pbkdf2Sync, randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
-import { rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { isAbsolute, join, relative, resolve } from 'node:path';
-import { createDatabase } from '../database.mjs';
-import { createBaseDatabase } from '../src/data/base.mjs';
-
-const root = resolve(process.cwd());
-const databasePath = join(root, 'data', 'exam.sqlite');
-const relativePath = relative(root, databasePath);
-if (!relativePath || relativePath.startsWith('..') || isAbsolute(relativePath)) throw new Error('拒绝重建工作区以外的数据库');
-
-for (const path of [databasePath, `${databasePath}-shm`, `${databasePath}-wal`]) await rm(path, { force: true });
-
-function hashPassword(password, salt = randomBytes(16).toString('hex')) {
-  const hash = pbkdf2Sync(password, salt, 120000, 32, 'sha256').toString('hex');
-  return `${salt}:${hash}`;
-}
-
-process.env.DATABASE_CLIENT = 'sqlite';
-process.env.SQLITE_PATH = databasePath;
-const database = await createDatabase({
-  root,
-  seed: () => createBaseDatabase({
-    nowIso: () => new Date().toISOString(),
-    hashPassword,
-    initialAdmin: {
-      username: process.env.INITIAL_ADMIN_USERNAME,
-      password: process.env.INITIAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD,
-      displayName: process.env.INITIAL_ADMIN_DISPLAY_NAME
-    }
-  })
-});
-const state = await database.read();
-await database.close();
-console.log(`Rebuilt empty ${databasePath} (schema ${state.meta.version}, ${state.candidateProfiles.length} candidates)`);
+// Keep the historical reset-db entry point, but run the same guarded initializer used
+// by initialize-system so SQLite, MySQL, .env loading and schema checks stay in sync.
+if (!process.argv.slice(2).includes('--empty')) process.argv.push('--empty');
+await import('./import-test-data.mjs');
diff --git a/src/data/base.mjs b/src/data/base.mjs
index 3aa85c5..8a3b6d2 100644
--- a/src/data/base.mjs
+++ b/src/data/base.mjs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION } from '../database/version.mjs';
+
 const admissionNumberRules = (nowIso) => [
   {
     id: 'admit_rule_district_room_seat', code: 'district_room_seat', name: '县区编号 + 考场号 + 座位号',
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ export function createBaseDatabase({ nowIso, hashPassword, initialAdmin = {} })
   const adminId = 'usr_admin';
   const createdAt = nowIso();
   return {
-    meta: { version: 19, createdAt },
+    meta: { version: CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION, createdAt },
     settings: { selfRegistrationEnabled: false },
     organization: { name: '考试服务平台', code: 'EXAM-SERVICE', phone: '', address: '' },
     schools: [], classes: [],
diff --git a/src/database/version.mjs b/src/database/version.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c210217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/database/version.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION = 20;
diff --git a/tests/system.test.mjs b/tests/system.test.mjs
index 25b417b..c759650 100644
--- a/tests/system.test.mjs
+++ b/tests/system.test.mjs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { createDatabase, relationalTables } from '../database.mjs';
 import { createBaseDatabase } from '../src/data/base.mjs';
 import { createSeedDatabase } from '../src/data/seed.mjs';
 import { mysqlSchema } from '../src/database/schema.mjs';
+import { CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION } from '../src/database/version.mjs';
 import { totpAtStep } from '../src/security/totp.mjs';
 import { buildCenterMaterialsWorkbook, buildWorkbook } from '../excel.mjs';
 
@@ -60,7 +61,12 @@ assert.match(testDataImportSource, /SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0/, 'MySQL 样例
 assert.match(testDataImportSource, /beginTransaction\(\).*buildSeedOperations\(state\).*commit\(\)/s, 'MySQL 样例数据应在同一事务内清理并写入');
 assert.match(testDataImportSource, /initializeEmpty.*createBaseDatabase/s, '测试结束后应支持恢复空业务系统');
 assert.match(testDataImportSource, /recognizedTestData/, 'MySQL 初始化系统时应识别样例数据并保护非样例业务库');
+assert.match(testDataImportSource, /CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION/, '数据库导入脚本应复用统一的当前结构版本');
+const resetDatabaseSource = await readFile(resolve(root, 'scripts', 'reset-dev-database.mjs'), 'utf8');
+assert.match(resetDatabaseSource, /import\(['"]\.\/import-test-data\.mjs['"]\)/, '重置入口应复用统一的数据库初始化流程');
+assert.doesNotMatch(resetDatabaseSource, /DATABASE_CLIENT\s*=\s*['"]sqlite['"]/, '重置入口不得再强制使用 SQLite');
 const baseState = createBaseDatabase({ nowIso: () => new Date().toISOString(), hashPassword: password => `test-${password}` });
+assert.equal(baseState.meta.version, CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION, '空库初始状态必须使用当前结构版本');
 assert.equal(baseState.schools.length, 0, '正常首次建库不得预置学校');
 assert.equal(baseState.candidateProfiles.length, 0, '正常首次建库不得预置考生');
 assert.equal(baseState.exams.length, 0, '正常首次建库不得预置考试');