班级查询按“考试场次”合并，显示为“分散至 N 个考场”，不再生成大量重复卡片。[后端实现 (line 416)](E:/jiaowu/src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableDataService.cs:416)

学生登录后只显示本人座位对应的考场，同时修复混排考场可能带出其他课程的问题。[筛选逻辑 (line 561)](E:/jiaowu/src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableDataService.cs:561)
多考场卡片提示学生登录查看本人考场及监考教师。[前端展示 (line 1122)](E:/jiaowu/web/src/views/TimetableView.vue:1122)
教室课表、监考教师课表仍按具体考场显示，不受合并影响。
已增加班级合并和学生精准考场回归测试。[测试 (line 183)](E:/jiaowu/tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ExamArrangementServiceTests.cs:183)

.env.example

@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ Cache__AnalyticsExpirationMinutes=3
 Cache__AnalyticsLocalExpirationSeconds=30
 Cache__MaximumPayloadKilobytes=2048
 
+# OpenTelemetry 默认收集 HTTP、运行时和数据库指标；配置 OTLP 地址后才会外发。
+Observability__Enabled=true
+Observability__ServiceName=jiaowu-api
+Observability__SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds=500
+# 默认不记录完整 SQL，避免日志或追踪系统接触业务数据。
+Observability__IncludeSqlText=false
+Observability__MaximumSqlTextLength=2000
+# OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://otel-collector.example.edu.cn:4317
+# OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS=Authorization=Bearer%20REPLACE_WITH_TOKEN
+
+# 系统内“运维与审计 → 系统性能”从 Prometheus 只读查询汇总指标。
+PerformanceReporting__Enabled=false
+# PerformanceReporting__PrometheusBaseUrl=https://prometheus.example.edu.cn/
+# PerformanceReporting__BearerToken=REPLACE_WITH_READ_ONLY_TOKEN
+# PerformanceReporting__GrafanaBaseUrl=https://grafana.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__CacheSeconds=30
+PerformanceReporting__TimeoutSeconds=10
+
 # 运维控制台备份目录必须位于持久化、仅服务账号可写的位置。
 Operations__BackupDirectory=/var/lib/jiaowu/backups
 Operations__BackupWarningHours=24

README.md

@@ -322,6 +322,55 @@ Redis 只作为可丢弃的查询缓存。连接失败时应用回源数据库
 `allkeys-lfu` 淘汰策略，不启用持久化。`compose.app.example.yml` 不创建 Redis；
 如需连接外部 Redis，在 `.env` 中配置上述连接串即可。
 
+### OpenTelemetry 与慢查询定位
+
+应用已接入 OpenTelemetry 的 ASP.NET Core、HttpClient、.NET Runtime 指标，并通过
+`Jiaowu.Api.Database` ActivitySource 和 Meter 记录 EF Core 数据库命令。配置
+`OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT` 后才启动 OpenTelemetry SDK 并向 OTLP Collector 外发；
+未配置时不会创建无处消费的请求 Span，也不会尝试连接本地 Collector，结构化慢查询日志
+仍然有效。
+
+```text
+Observability__Enabled=true
+Observability__ServiceName=jiaowu-api
+Observability__SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds=500
+OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://otel-collector.example.edu.cn:4317
+```
+
+数据库指标包括 `jiaowu.db.command.duration`、`jiaowu.db.command.slow` 和
+`jiaowu.db.command.failed`。为关键 EF 查询添加 `TagWith("模块.查询名")` 后，日志和
+追踪会直接显示该稳定名称；无标签查询只显示操作类型和 SQL 模板哈希。默认
+`Observability__IncludeSqlText=false`，不会把 SQL、参数值或连接串发送到日志和追踪
+系统。仅在受控诊断窗口内临时启用完整 SQL 模板，并限制 Collector 权限与保留时间。
+
+应用侧阈值用于关联接口、TraceId 和查询名称；生产 MySQL 还应由数据库管理员启用慢查询
+日志，并将 `long_query_time` 设为与应用阈值一致。先按查询哈希/标签汇总高频慢查询，再
+对脱敏后的 `SELECT` 在测试库或只读副本执行 `EXPLAIN ANALYZE`，根据实际扫描行数和循环
+次数决定是否补组合索引或改写投影。`EXPLAIN ANALYZE` 会真实执行语句，不能直接用于生产
+写操作。参考 [MySQL 慢查询日志](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/slow-query-log.html)
+和 [MySQL 8.4 EXPLAIN](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/explain.html)。
+
+OpenTelemetry Collector 将指标写入 Prometheus 后，超级管理员可直接在“组织与权限 →
+运维与审计 → 系统性能”查看请求量、5xx 比例、HTTP/数据库 P95、慢查询趋势，以及最慢
+接口和数据库查询排行。报表由 API 使用固定 PromQL 只读查询 Prometheus，浏览器不会
+接触 Prometheus 地址或令牌；结果默认缓存 30 秒。原始 Trace 和更长时间范围仍建议在
+Grafana 中下钻，配置其地址后页面会显示跳转入口。
+
+```text
+PerformanceReporting__Enabled=true
+PerformanceReporting__PrometheusBaseUrl=https://prometheus.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__BearerToken=REPLACE_WITH_READ_ONLY_TOKEN
+PerformanceReporting__GrafanaBaseUrl=https://grafana.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__CacheSeconds=30
+PerformanceReporting__TimeoutSeconds=10
+```
+
+`PrometheusBaseUrl` 必须指向可访问 `/api/v1/query` 和 `/api/v1/query_range` 的
+Prometheus 兼容接口，令牌应仅具有查询权限。未启用、未配置或指标源暂时不可用时，页面
+会显示明确的空状态，不会改查业务数据库或拖慢正常请求。若 Collector/Prometheus 对
+指标名或 `service_name` 标签做了转换，可通过 `PerformanceReporting` 下对应的
+`*MetricName` 和 `ServiceNameLabel` 配置项适配，无需改前端。
+
 ### 后台任务与 RabbitMQ
 
 自动排课、课表发布和补考自动生成使用数据库 Outbox 保存任务消息。创建业务任务与
@@ -368,9 +417,10 @@ Outbox 租约恢复改为按维护周期执行，避免积压发布时每条消
 
 ### 运维与审计控制台
 
-超级管理员可从“组织与权限 → 运维与审计”查询写操作日志、三类失败后台任务、数据库、
-缓存与任务通道健康状态，并查看由 5xx、失败/重试任务、健康探针和备份时效汇总出的异常
-告警。查询接口和备份操作均在后端强制要求 `SuperAdmin`，不能只依赖前端菜单隐藏。
+超级管理员可从“组织与权限 → 运维与审计”查看系统性能，查询写操作日志、三类失败后台
+任务、数据库、缓存与任务通道健康状态，并查看由 5xx、失败/重试任务、健康探针和备份
+时效汇总出的异常告警。查询接口和备份操作均在后端强制要求 `SuperAdmin`，不能只依赖
+前端菜单隐藏。
 
 SQLite 开发环境直接使用在线备份 API。MySQL 环境需要在服务器安装 `mysqldump` 与
 `mysql`（容器镜像已包含对应的 `mariadb-dump` 与 `mariadb` 客户端），并配置独立的

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ExperimentsController.cs

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
                     x.TaskNumber,
                     x.Name,
                     x.AcademicTermId,
+                    x.CourseId,
                     TermName = x.AcademicTerm!.Name,
                     TermStartDate = x.AcademicTerm.StartDate,
                     TermEndDate = x.AcademicTerm.EndDate,
@@ -295,6 +296,78 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
         return Created(string.Empty, new { project.Id });
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("batch")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> CreateProjects(
+        ExperimentProjectBatchRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var taskIds = request.TeachingTaskIds
+            .Where(x => x != Guid.Empty)
+            .Distinct()
+            .ToList();
+        if (taskIds.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("请至少选择一个教学任务。");
+        if (taskIds.Count > 100)
+            return ValidationProblem("单次最多为 100 个教学任务创建实验项目。");
+
+        var tasks = await AccessibleTeachingTasks().AsNoTracking()
+            .Include(x => x.AcademicTerm)
+            .Where(x =>
+                taskIds.Contains(x.Id) &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (tasks.Count != taskIds.Count)
+            return ValidationProblem("部分教学任务不存在、未发布或不在当前管理范围内。");
+
+        var first = tasks[0];
+        if (tasks.Any(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId != first.AcademicTermId ||
+                x.CourseId != first.CourseId))
+            return ValidationProblem("批量设置仅支持同一学期、同一课程的教学任务。");
+
+        var code = request.Code.Trim();
+        var conflictingTaskNumbers = await db.ExperimentProjects.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                taskIds.Contains(x.TeachingTaskId) &&
+                x.Code == code)
+            .Select(x => x.TeachingTask!.TaskNumber)
+            .OrderBy(x => x)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (conflictingTaskNumbers.Count > 0)
+            return ConflictProblem(
+                $"以下教学任务已存在实验项目编码 {code}：{string.Join("、", conflictingTaskNumbers)}。");
+
+        var projects = new List<ExperimentProject>(tasks.Count);
+        foreach (var task in tasks)
+        {
+            var item = request.ForTeachingTask(task.Id);
+            var problem = ValidateProjectRequest(item, task.AcademicTerm!);
+            if (problem is not null) return ValidationProblem(problem);
+
+            projects.Add(new ExperimentProject
+            {
+                TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
+                Code = code,
+                Name = request.Name.Trim(),
+                ArrangementMode = request.ArrangementMode,
+                Description = Normalize(request.Description),
+                Requirements = Normalize(request.Requirements),
+                StartDate = request.StartDate,
+                EndDate = request.EndDate
+            });
+        }
+
+        db.ExperimentProjects.AddRange(projects);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Created(string.Empty, new
+        {
+            Count = projects.Count,
+            ProjectIds = projects.Select(x => x.Id)
+        });
+    }
+
     [HttpPut("{id:guid}")]
     [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
     public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateProject(
@@ -478,6 +551,101 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
         return Created(string.Empty, new { session.Id });
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("sessions/batch")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
+    public Task<ActionResult> CreateSessions(
+        ExperimentSessionBatchRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (request.Items.Count == 0)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("请至少添加一条实验排课。"));
+        if (request.Items.Count > 100)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("单次最多安排 100 条实验场次。"));
+        if (request.Items.Any(x => x.ProjectId == Guid.Empty) ||
+            request.Items.Select(x => x.ProjectId).Distinct().Count() !=
+            request.Items.Count)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("同一批次中每个实验项目只能安排一个场次。"));
+
+        return db.ExecuteInRetriableTransactionAsync<ActionResult>(
+            async transaction =>
+            {
+                var projectIds = request.Items.Select(x => x.ProjectId).ToList();
+                var projects = await ScopedProjects()
+                    .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+                    .ThenInclude(x => x!.AcademicTerm)
+                    .Where(x => projectIds.Contains(x.Id))
+                    .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.Id, cancellationToken);
+                if (projects.Count != projectIds.Count)
+                    return ValidationProblem(
+                        "部分实验项目不存在或不在当前管理范围内。");
+
+                var createdSessions = new List<(ExperimentProject Project, ExperimentSession Session)>(
+                    request.Items.Count);
+                foreach (var item in request.Items)
+                {
+                    var project = projects[item.ProjectId];
+                    if (project.Status == ExperimentProjectStatus.Closed)
+                        return ConflictProblem(
+                            $"实验项目“{project.Name}”已关闭，不能再增加场次。");
+
+                    var sessionRequest = item.ToSessionRequest();
+                    var problem = await ValidateSessionAsync(
+                        project,
+                        sessionRequest,
+                        cancellationToken);
+                    if (problem is not null)
+                        return ConflictProblem(
+                            $"实验项目“{project.Name}”：{problem}");
+
+                    var session = new ExperimentSession
+                    {
+                        ExperimentProjectId = project.Id,
+                        ClassroomId = item.ClassroomId,
+                        SessionDate = item.SessionDate,
+                        StartPeriod = item.StartPeriod,
+                        PeriodCount = item.PeriodCount,
+                        Capacity = await ResolveSessionCapacityAsync(
+                            project,
+                            item.Capacity,
+                            cancellationToken),
+                        Notes = Normalize(item.Notes)
+                    };
+                    db.ExperimentSessions.Add(session);
+                    await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+                    createdSessions.Add((project, session));
+                }
+
+                foreach (var (project, session) in createdSessions.Where(x =>
+                             x.Project.Status == ExperimentProjectStatus.Published))
+                {
+                    var userIds = await RosterUserIdsAsync(
+                        project.TeachingTaskId,
+                        cancellationToken);
+                    if (userIds.Count == 0) continue;
+                    await NotificationService.SendToUserIdsAsync(
+                        db,
+                        userIds,
+                        "新增实验场次",
+                        $"“{project.Name}”新增 {session.SessionDate:yyyy-MM-dd} 第 {session.StartPeriod}—{session.StartPeriod + session.PeriodCount - 1} 节场次，请查看实验安排。",
+                        "/experiments",
+                        cancellationToken,
+                        NotificationCategory.Schedule);
+                }
+
+                await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
+                return Created(string.Empty, new
+                {
+                    Count = createdSessions.Count,
+                    SessionIds = createdSessions.Select(x => x.Session.Id)
+                });
+            },
+            cancellationToken,
+            IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+    }
+
     [HttpDelete("sessions/{id:guid}")]
     [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
     public async Task<ActionResult> CancelSession(
@@ -1029,6 +1197,28 @@ public sealed record ExperimentProjectRequest(
     DateOnly StartDate,
     DateOnly EndDate);
 
+public sealed record ExperimentProjectBatchRequest(
+    [Required] IReadOnlyList<Guid> TeachingTaskIds,
+    [Required, MaxLength(40)] string Code,
+    [Required, MaxLength(120)] string Name,
+    ExperimentArrangementMode ArrangementMode,
+    [MaxLength(1000)] string? Description,
+    [MaxLength(1000)] string? Requirements,
+    DateOnly StartDate,
+    DateOnly EndDate)
+{
+    public ExperimentProjectRequest ForTeachingTask(Guid teachingTaskId) =>
+        new(
+            teachingTaskId,
+            Code,
+            Name,
+            ArrangementMode,
+            Description,
+            Requirements,
+            StartDate,
+            EndDate);
+}
+
 public sealed record ExperimentSessionRequest(
     Guid ClassroomId,
     DateOnly SessionDate,
@@ -1037,6 +1227,28 @@ public sealed record ExperimentSessionRequest(
     [Range(1, 10000)] int Capacity,
     [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
 
+public sealed record ExperimentSessionBatchRequest(
+    [Required] IReadOnlyList<ExperimentSessionBatchItem> Items);
+
+public sealed record ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+    Guid ProjectId,
+    Guid ClassroomId,
+    DateOnly SessionDate,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int StartPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int PeriodCount,
+    [Range(1, 10000)] int Capacity,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes)
+{
+    public ExperimentSessionRequest ToSessionRequest() =>
+        new(
+            ClassroomId,
+            SessionDate,
+            StartPeriod,
+            PeriodCount,
+            Capacity,
+            Notes);
+}
+
 public sealed record ExperimentPeriodOption(
     Guid AcademicTermId,
     int PeriodNumber,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/OperationsController.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.System;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Operations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
@@ -18,8 +19,27 @@ public sealed class OperationsController(
     AppDbContext db,
     OperationalHealthService healthService,
     DatabaseBackupService backupService,
+    PerformanceReportService performanceReportService,
     OperationsOptions options) : ControllerBase
 {
+    [HttpGet("performance")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<PerformanceReport>> GetPerformance(
+        [FromQuery] string? range = "1h",
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return Ok(await performanceReportService.GetAsync(
+                range,
+                cancellationToken));
+        }
+        catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
+        {
+            return ValidationProblem(
+                "性能报表范围仅支持 15m、1h、24h 或 7d。");
+        }
+    }
+
     [HttpGet("summary")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<OperationsSummary>> GetSummary(
         CancellationToken cancellationToken)

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ScheduleSettingsController.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Caching;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
-using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Teaching;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -110,15 +109,6 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
         return Ok(tasks.Select(task =>
         {
             constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
-            var weeklyHours = task.WeeklyHours;
-            if (task.SchedulingMode == TeachingTaskSchedulingMode.Standard &&
-                TeachingTaskHours.TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
-                    task.CourseTotalHours,
-                    task.CoursePracticeHours,
-                    task.StartWeek,
-                    task.EndWeek,
-                    out var regularWeeklyHours))
-                weeklyHours = regularWeeklyHours;
             return new
             {
                 task.Id,
@@ -132,7 +122,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
                 task.Capacity,
                 task.StartWeek,
                 task.EndWeek,
-                WeeklyHours = weeklyHours,
+                task.WeeklyHours,
                 task.CourseTotalHours,
                 task.CoursePracticeHours,
                 task.SchedulingMode,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/SchedulesController.cs

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
                     {
                         entry.Id,
                         entry.TeachingTaskId,
+                        entry.Kind,
                         TaskNumber = entry.TeachingTask!.TaskNumber,
                         TaskName = entry.TeachingTask.Name,
                         CourseCode = entry.TeachingTask.Course!.Code,
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
             Entries = source.Entries.Select(entry => new ScheduleEntry
             {
                 TeachingTaskId = entry.TeachingTaskId,
+                Kind = entry.Kind,
                 ClassroomId = entry.ClassroomId,
                 DayOfWeek = entry.DayOfWeek,
                 StartPeriod = entry.StartPeriod,
@@ -419,6 +421,7 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
         var validation = await ValidateEntryAsync(plan, entryId, request, cancellationToken);
         if (validation is not null) return validation;
         entry.TeachingTaskId = request.TeachingTaskId;
+        entry.Kind = request.Kind;
         entry.ClassroomId = request.ClassroomId;
         entry.DayOfWeek = request.DayOfWeek;
         entry.StartPeriod = request.StartPeriod;
@@ -508,34 +511,52 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
              return ValidationProblem("非排时课程不进入正常课表，无需设置星期、节次或教室。");
         if (request.StartWeek < task.StartWeek || request.EndWeek > task.EndWeek)
             return ValidationProblem("排课周次必须位于教学任务的授课周次内。");
-        if (!TeachingTaskHours.TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
+        var targetHours = TeachingTaskHours.TargetHours(
             task.Course!,
-                task.StartWeek,
-                task.EndWeek,
-                out var requiredWeeklyHours))
+            request.Kind);
+        if (targetHours == 0)
             return ValidationProblem(
-                "该课程的普通排课学时不能按授课周次整除，请先调整教学任务周次。");
-        if (requiredWeeklyHours == 0)
-            return ValidationProblem(
-                "该课程全部为实践学时，无需进入普通课表，请在实验管理中安排。");
-        var existingHours = await db.ScheduleEntries.AsNoTracking()
+                request.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment
+                    ? "该课程没有实践学时，不能安排实验课。"
+                    : "该课程没有理论学时，不能安排理论课。");
+        var existingEntries = await db.ScheduleEntries.AsNoTracking()
             .Where(x =>
                 x.SchedulePlanId == plan.Id &&
                 x.TeachingTaskId == request.TeachingTaskId &&
+                x.Kind == request.Kind &&
                 x.Id != entryId)
-            .SumAsync(x => x.PeriodCount, cancellationToken);
-        if (existingHours + request.PeriodCount > requiredWeeklyHours)
+            .Select(x => new
+            {
+                x.StartWeek,
+                x.EndWeek,
+                x.WeekPattern,
+                x.PeriodCount
+            })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var existingHours = existingEntries.Sum(x =>
+            TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours(
+                x.StartWeek,
+                x.EndWeek,
+                x.WeekPattern,
+                x.PeriodCount));
+        var proposedHours = TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours(
+            request.StartWeek,
+            request.EndWeek,
+            request.WeekPattern,
+            request.PeriodCount);
+        if (existingHours + proposedHours > targetHours)
             return ValidationProblem(
-                $"该教学任务普通课表每周只需 {requiredWeeklyHours} 学时；" +
-                $"当前操作后将达到 {existingHours + request.PeriodCount} 学时，" +
-                "实践学时请在实验管理中安排。");
+                $"该教学任务{(request.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment ? "实验" : "理论")}课" +
+                $"共需 {targetHours} 学时；当前操作后将达到 " +
+                $"{existingHours + proposedHours} 学时。");
 
         var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
             .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
                 x => x.TeachingTaskId == request.TeachingTaskId,
                 cancellationToken);
-        var requiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true;
+        var requiresClassroom = request.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment ||
+                                constraint?.RequiresClassroom != false;
         if (requiresClassroom && !request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
             return ValidationProblem("该课程需要占用教室，请选择教室。");
         if (!requiresClassroom && request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
@@ -559,6 +580,10 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
                     x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
                     cancellationToken);
             if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+            if (request.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment &&
+                !IsExperimentRoom(classroom.RoomType))
+                return ValidationProblem(
+                    $"实验课必须安排在实验室、实训室或机房；“{classroom.Name}”的场地类型为“{classroom.RoomType}”。");
             if (constraint?.RequiredCampusId is Guid campusId &&
                 classroom.Building!.CampusId != campusId)
                 return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的校区。");
@@ -612,6 +637,7 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
         {
             SchedulePlanId = planId,
             TeachingTaskId = request.TeachingTaskId,
+            Kind = request.Kind,
             ClassroomId = request.ClassroomId,
             DayOfWeek = request.DayOfWeek,
             StartPeriod = request.StartPeriod,
@@ -629,6 +655,12 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(
                 .Select(int.Parse)
                 .ToHashSet();
 
+    private static bool IsExperimentRoom(string roomType) =>
+        roomType.Contains("实验", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("实训", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("机房", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("语音", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
     private async Task<ActionResult> SaveAsync(
         Guid id,
         bool created,
@@ -726,7 +758,8 @@ public sealed record ScheduleEntryRequest(
     [Range(1, 30)] int StartWeek,
     [Range(1, 30)] int EndWeek,
     WeekPattern WeekPattern,
-    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes,
+    ScheduleEntryKind Kind = ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture);
 
 public sealed record AutomaticScheduleJobResponse(
     Guid Id,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/ScheduleEntities.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleEntry : EntityBase
     public SchedulePlan? SchedulePlan { get; set; }
     public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }
     public TeachingTask? TeachingTask { get; set; }
+    public ScheduleEntryKind Kind { get; set; } = ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture;
     public Guid? ClassroomId { get; set; }
     public Classroom? Classroom { get; set; }
     public int DayOfWeek { get; set; }
@@ -129,3 +130,9 @@ public enum WeekPattern
     Odd = 2,
     Even = 3
 }
+
+public enum ScheduleEntryKind
+{
+    Lecture = 1,
+    Experiment = 2
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Observability/DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+using System.Data.Common;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Metrics;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+
+public sealed class DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor(
+    ObservabilityOptions options,
+    ILogger<DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor> logger)
+    : DbCommandInterceptor
+{
+    public const string ActivitySourceName = "Jiaowu.Api.Database";
+    public const string MeterName = "Jiaowu.Api.Database";
+
+    private static readonly ActivitySource ActivitySource =
+        new(ActivitySourceName);
+    private static readonly Meter Meter = new(MeterName);
+    private static readonly Histogram<double> CommandDuration =
+        Meter.CreateHistogram<double>(
+            "jiaowu.db.command.duration",
+            "ms",
+            "EF Core database command duration");
+    private static readonly Counter<long> SlowCommandCount =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>(
+            "jiaowu.db.command.slow",
+            "{command}",
+            "EF Core commands exceeding the configured slow-query threshold");
+    private static readonly Counter<long> FailedCommandCount =
+        Meter.CreateCounter<long>(
+            "jiaowu.db.command.failed",
+            "{command}",
+            "Failed EF Core database commands");
+
+    public override DbDataReader ReaderExecuted(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        DbDataReader result)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "reader");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public override ValueTask<DbDataReader> ReaderExecutedAsync(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        DbDataReader result,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "reader");
+        return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
+    }
+
+    public override int NonQueryExecuted(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        int result)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "nonquery");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public override ValueTask<int> NonQueryExecutedAsync(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        int result,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "nonquery");
+        return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
+    }
+
+    public override object? ScalarExecuted(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        object? result)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "scalar");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public override ValueTask<object?> ScalarExecutedAsync(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandExecutedEventData eventData,
+        object? result,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "scalar");
+        return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
+    }
+
+    public override void CommandFailed(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandErrorEventData eventData) =>
+        Observe(
+            command,
+            eventData.Duration,
+            "failed",
+            eventData.Exception.GetType().Name);
+
+    public override Task CommandFailedAsync(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandErrorEventData eventData,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Observe(
+            command,
+            eventData.Duration,
+            "failed",
+            eventData.Exception.GetType().Name);
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    public override void CommandCanceled(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandEndEventData eventData) =>
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "canceled", "canceled");
+
+    public override Task CommandCanceledAsync(
+        DbCommand command,
+        CommandEndEventData eventData,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Observe(command, eventData.Duration, "canceled", "canceled");
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    private void Observe(
+        DbCommand command,
+        TimeSpan duration,
+        string commandKind,
+        string? errorType = null)
+    {
+        if (!options.Enabled) return;
+
+        var queryName = GetQueryName(command.CommandText);
+        var statementHash = GetStatementHash(command.CommandText);
+        var provider = GetProviderName(command);
+        var traceId = Activity.Current?.TraceId.ToString() ?? "none";
+        var tags = new TagList
+        {
+            { "db.system.name", provider },
+            { "db.operation.name", commandKind },
+            { "db.query.name", queryName }
+        };
+        if (errorType is not null)
+            tags.Add("error.type", errorType);
+
+        var durationMilliseconds = duration.TotalMilliseconds;
+        CommandDuration.Record(durationMilliseconds, tags);
+        if (errorType is not null)
+            FailedCommandCount.Add(1, tags);
+
+        using var activity = ActivitySource.StartActivity(
+            ActivityKind.Client,
+            Activity.Current?.Context ?? default,
+            startTime: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow - duration,
+            name: queryName);
+        if (activity is not null)
+        {
+            activity.SetTag("db.system.name", provider);
+            activity.SetTag("db.operation.name", commandKind);
+            activity.SetTag("db.query.name", queryName);
+            activity.SetTag("db.statement.hash", statementHash);
+            activity.SetTag(
+                "db.namespace",
+                EmptyToNull(command.Connection?.Database));
+            if (options.IncludeSqlText)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag(
+                    "db.query.text",
+                    Truncate(command.CommandText, options.MaximumSqlTextLength));
+            }
+            if (errorType is not null)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag("error.type", errorType);
+                activity.SetStatus(ActivityStatusCode.Error, errorType);
+            }
+            activity.SetEndTime(DateTime.UtcNow);
+        }
+
+        if (errorType is not null)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(
+                "Database command failed after {DurationMs:F1} ms: " +
+                "{QueryName} ({CommandKind}, {Provider}, hash {StatementHash}, " +
+                "error {ErrorType}, trace {TraceId}).",
+                durationMilliseconds,
+                queryName,
+                commandKind,
+                provider,
+                statementHash,
+                errorType,
+                traceId);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (durationMilliseconds < options.SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds)
+            return;
+
+        SlowCommandCount.Add(1, tags);
+        if (options.IncludeSqlText)
+        {
+            logger.LogWarning(
+                "Slow database command took {DurationMs:F1} ms: " +
+                "{QueryName} ({CommandKind}, {Provider}, hash {StatementHash}, " +
+                "trace {TraceId}). " +
+                "SQL template: {SqlTemplate}",
+                durationMilliseconds,
+                queryName,
+                commandKind,
+                provider,
+                statementHash,
+                traceId,
+                Truncate(command.CommandText, options.MaximumSqlTextLength));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            logger.LogWarning(
+                "Slow database command took {DurationMs:F1} ms: " +
+                "{QueryName} ({CommandKind}, {Provider}, hash {StatementHash}, " +
+                "trace {TraceId}).",
+                durationMilliseconds,
+                queryName,
+                commandKind,
+                provider,
+                statementHash,
+                traceId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static string GetQueryName(string commandText)
+    {
+        using var reader = new StringReader(commandText);
+        while (reader.ReadLine() is { } line)
+        {
+            var trimmed = line.Trim();
+            if (trimmed.Length == 0) continue;
+            if (trimmed.StartsWith("-- ", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                return Truncate(trimmed[3..].Trim(), 120);
+            return $"{FirstToken(trimmed)}:{GetStatementHash(commandText)}";
+        }
+
+        return $"unknown:{GetStatementHash(commandText)}";
+    }
+
+    internal static string GetStatementHash(string commandText)
+    {
+        var bytes = SHA256.HashData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(commandText));
+        return Convert.ToHexString(bytes.AsSpan(0, 6)).ToLowerInvariant();
+    }
+
+    private static string FirstToken(string value)
+    {
+        var end = value.IndexOfAny([' ', '\t', '\r', '\n', '(']);
+        var token = end < 0 ? value : value[..end];
+        return token.Length == 0
+            ? "command"
+            : token.ToLowerInvariant();
+    }
+
+    private static string GetProviderName(DbCommand command)
+    {
+        var typeName = command.GetType().FullName ?? command.GetType().Name;
+        if (typeName.Contains("MySql", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            return "mysql";
+        if (typeName.Contains("Sqlite", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            return "sqlite";
+        return "other_sql";
+    }
+
+    private static string? EmptyToNull(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value;
+
+    private static string Truncate(string value, int maximumLength) =>
+        value.Length <= maximumLength
+            ? value
+            : value[..maximumLength];
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Observability/ObservabilityOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+
+public sealed class ObservabilityOptions
+{
+    public const string SectionName = "Observability";
+
+    public bool Enabled { get; set; } = true;
+    public string ServiceName { get; set; } = "jiaowu-api";
+    public int SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds { get; set; } = 500;
+    public bool IncludeSqlText { get; set; }
+    public int MaximumSqlTextLength { get; set; } = 2000;
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Observability/PerformanceReportService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+
+public sealed class PerformanceReportService(
+    HttpClient httpClient,
+    IMemoryCache cache,
+    PerformanceReportingOptions options,
+    ObservabilityOptions observability,
+    ILogger<PerformanceReportService> logger)
+{
+    public async Task<PerformanceReport> GetAsync(
+        string? range,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var rangeSpec = PerformanceRange.TryParse(range);
+        if (rangeSpec is null)
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                nameof(range),
+                "性能报表范围仅支持 15m、1h、24h 或 7d。");
+
+        if (!options.Enabled ||
+            string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options.PrometheusBaseUrl))
+        {
+            return PerformanceReport.NotConfigured(
+                rangeSpec.Key,
+                options.GrafanaBaseUrl);
+        }
+
+        var cacheKey = $"performance-report:{rangeSpec.Key}";
+        if (cache.TryGetValue<PerformanceReport>(cacheKey, out var cached))
+            return cached!;
+
+        PerformanceReport report;
+        try
+        {
+            report = await LoadAsync(rangeSpec, cancellationToken);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (
+            !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+        {
+            logger.LogWarning(
+                exception,
+                "Performance report source is unavailable for range {Range}.",
+                rangeSpec.Key);
+            report = PerformanceReport.Unavailable(
+                rangeSpec.Key,
+                options.GrafanaBaseUrl);
+        }
+
+        cache.Set(
+            cacheKey,
+            report,
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(options.CacheSeconds));
+        return report;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<PerformanceReport> LoadAsync(
+        PerformanceRange range,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var from = now - range.Duration;
+        var requestCountSelector = Selector(
+            options.RequestDurationMetric + "_count",
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+        var requestBucketSelector = Selector(
+            options.RequestDurationMetric + "_bucket",
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+        var errorCountSelector = Selector(
+            options.RequestDurationMetric + "_count",
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName),
+            ("http_response_status_code", "=~", "5.."));
+        var databaseCountSelector = Selector(
+            options.DatabaseDurationMetric + "_count",
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+        var databaseBucketSelector = Selector(
+            options.DatabaseDurationMetric + "_bucket",
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+        var slowDatabaseSelector = Selector(
+            options.SlowDatabaseMetric,
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+        var failedDatabaseSelector = Selector(
+            options.FailedDatabaseMetric,
+            (options.ServiceLabel, "=", observability.ServiceName));
+
+        var requestCountTask = QueryScalarAsync(
+            $"sum(increase({requestCountSelector}[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var serverErrorCountTask = QueryScalarAsync(
+            $"sum(increase({errorCountSelector}[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var requestP95Task = QueryScalarAsync(
+            "histogram_quantile(0.95, " +
+            $"sum by (le) (rate({requestBucketSelector}[{range.RateWindow}]))) " +
+            "* 1000",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var databaseP95Task = QueryScalarAsync(
+            "histogram_quantile(0.95, " +
+            $"sum by (le) (rate({databaseBucketSelector}[{range.RateWindow}])))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var slowCountTask = QueryScalarAsync(
+            $"sum(increase({slowDatabaseSelector}[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var failedCountTask = QueryScalarAsync(
+            $"sum(increase({failedDatabaseSelector}[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var requestTimelineTask = QueryRangeAsync(
+            $"sum(rate({requestCountSelector}[{range.RateWindow}]))",
+            from,
+            now,
+            range.StepSeconds,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var latencyTimelineTask = QueryRangeAsync(
+            "histogram_quantile(0.95, " +
+            $"sum by (le) (rate({requestBucketSelector}[{range.RateWindow}]))) " +
+            "* 1000",
+            from,
+            now,
+            range.StepSeconds,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var routeLatencyTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            "histogram_quantile(0.95, " +
+            $"sum by (le, http_route) (rate({requestBucketSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.RateWindow}]))) * 1000",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var routeCountTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            $"sum by (http_route) (increase({requestCountSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var routeErrorTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            $"sum by (http_route) (increase({errorCountSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var queryLatencyTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            "histogram_quantile(0.95, " +
+            $"sum by (le, db_query_name) (rate({databaseBucketSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.RateWindow}])))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var queryCountTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            $"sum by (db_query_name) (increase({databaseCountSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var querySlowTask = QueryVectorAsync(
+            $"sum by (db_query_name) (increase({slowDatabaseSelector}" +
+            $"[{range.PrometheusRange}]))",
+            now,
+            cancellationToken);
+
+        await Task.WhenAll(
+            requestCountTask,
+            serverErrorCountTask,
+            requestP95Task,
+            databaseP95Task,
+            slowCountTask,
+            failedCountTask,
+            requestTimelineTask,
+            latencyTimelineTask,
+            routeLatencyTask,
+            routeCountTask,
+            routeErrorTask,
+            queryLatencyTask,
+            queryCountTask,
+            querySlowTask);
+
+        var requestCount = await requestCountTask;
+        var serverErrorCount = await serverErrorCountTask;
+        double? errorRate = requestCount is > 0 && serverErrorCount.HasValue
+            ? serverErrorCount.Value / requestCount.Value * 100
+            : requestCount == 0
+                ? 0
+                : null;
+        var timeline = MergeTimeline(
+            await requestTimelineTask,
+            await latencyTimelineTask);
+        var endpoints = MergeRanking(
+            await routeLatencyTask,
+            await routeCountTask,
+            await routeErrorTask,
+            "http_route");
+        var databaseQueries = MergeRanking(
+            await queryLatencyTask,
+            await queryCountTask,
+            await querySlowTask,
+            "db_query_name");
+
+        return new PerformanceReport(
+            "ready",
+            range.Key,
+            from,
+            now,
+            DateTime.UtcNow,
+            "prometheus",
+            EmptyToNull(options.GrafanaBaseUrl),
+            null,
+            new PerformanceHeadline(
+                Round(requestCount),
+                Round(await requestP95Task),
+                Round(errorRate),
+                Round(await databaseP95Task),
+                Round(await slowCountTask),
+                Round(await failedCountTask)),
+            timeline,
+            endpoints,
+            databaseQueries);
+    }
+
+    private async Task<double?> QueryScalarAsync(
+        string query,
+        DateTime time,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var vector = await QueryVectorAsync(
+            query,
+            time,
+            cancellationToken);
+        return vector.FirstOrDefault()?.Value;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<IReadOnlyList<PrometheusSample>> QueryVectorAsync(
+        string query,
+        DateTime time,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var uri = BuildUri(
+            "api/v1/query",
+            ("query", query),
+            ("time", ToUnixSeconds(time).ToString(
+                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
+        using var document = await SendAsync(uri, cancellationToken);
+        var data = document.RootElement.GetProperty("data");
+        var result = data.GetProperty("result");
+        var samples = new List<PrometheusSample>();
+        foreach (var item in result.EnumerateArray())
+        {
+            var labels = ReadLabels(item.GetProperty("metric"));
+            if (!TryReadValue(item.GetProperty("value"), out var value))
+                continue;
+            samples.Add(new PrometheusSample(labels, value));
+        }
+        return samples;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<IReadOnlyList<PerformanceSeriesPoint>> QueryRangeAsync(
+        string query,
+        DateTime from,
+        DateTime to,
+        int stepSeconds,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var uri = BuildUri(
+            "api/v1/query_range",
+            ("query", query),
+            ("start", ToUnixSeconds(from).ToString(
+                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)),
+            ("end", ToUnixSeconds(to).ToString(
+                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)),
+            ("step", stepSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
+        using var document = await SendAsync(uri, cancellationToken);
+        var result = document.RootElement
+            .GetProperty("data")
+            .GetProperty("result");
+        var first = result.EnumerateArray().FirstOrDefault();
+        if (first.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Undefined ||
+            !first.TryGetProperty("values", out var values))
+            return [];
+
+        var points = new List<PerformanceSeriesPoint>();
+        foreach (var value in values.EnumerateArray())
+        {
+            if (!TryReadValue(value, out var measurement)) continue;
+            var timestamp = value[0].GetDouble();
+            points.Add(new PerformanceSeriesPoint(
+                DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeMilliseconds(
+                    checked((long)(timestamp * 1000))).UtcDateTime,
+                measurement));
+        }
+        return points;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<JsonDocument> SendAsync(
+        Uri uri,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        using var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, uri);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options.BearerToken))
+        {
+            request.Headers.Authorization =
+                new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", options.BearerToken);
+        }
+        using var response = await httpClient.SendAsync(
+            request,
+            HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead,
+            cancellationToken);
+        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
+        await using var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(
+            cancellationToken);
+        var document = await JsonDocument.ParseAsync(
+            stream,
+            cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
+        if (!document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("status", out var status) ||
+            status.GetString() != "success")
+        {
+            document.Dispose();
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "Prometheus 返回了非成功查询状态。");
+        }
+        return document;
+    }
+
+    private Uri BuildUri(
+        string relativePath,
+        params (string Key, string Value)[] parameters)
+    {
+        var baseUri = new Uri(
+            options.PrometheusBaseUrl.TrimEnd('/') + "/",
+            UriKind.Absolute);
+        var query = string.Join(
+            "&",
+            parameters.Select(parameter =>
+                $"{Uri.EscapeDataString(parameter.Key)}=" +
+                $"{Uri.EscapeDataString(parameter.Value)}"));
+        return new Uri(baseUri, $"{relativePath}?{query}");
+    }
+
+    private static string Selector(
+        string metric,
+        params (string Label, string Operator, string Value)[] filters)
+    {
+        var matchers = string.Join(
+            ",",
+            filters.Select(filter =>
+                $"{filter.Label}{filter.Operator}\"" +
+                $"{EscapePrometheusValue(filter.Value)}\""));
+        return $"{metric}{{{matchers}}}";
+    }
+
+    private static string EscapePrometheusValue(string value) =>
+        value.Replace("\\", "\\\\", StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            .Replace("\"", "\\\"", StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            .Replace("\r", "\\r", StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            .Replace("\n", "\\n", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> ReadLabels(
+        JsonElement metric)
+    {
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(
+            StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        foreach (var property in metric.EnumerateObject())
+            result[property.Name] = property.Value.GetString() ?? "";
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadValue(
+        JsonElement value,
+        out double measurement)
+    {
+        measurement = 0;
+        if (value.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Array ||
+            value.GetArrayLength() < 2)
+            return false;
+        var raw = value[1].GetString();
+        return double.TryParse(
+                   raw,
+                   NumberStyles.Float,
+                   CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+                   out measurement) &&
+               double.IsFinite(measurement);
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<PerformanceTimelinePoint> MergeTimeline(
+        IReadOnlyList<PerformanceSeriesPoint> requestRate,
+        IReadOnlyList<PerformanceSeriesPoint> latency)
+    {
+        var points = new SortedDictionary<DateTime, PerformanceTimelinePoint>();
+        foreach (var point in requestRate)
+        {
+            points[point.Timestamp] = new PerformanceTimelinePoint(
+                point.Timestamp,
+                Math.Round(point.Value, 3),
+                null);
+        }
+        foreach (var point in latency)
+        {
+            points.TryGetValue(point.Timestamp, out var existing);
+            points[point.Timestamp] = new PerformanceTimelinePoint(
+                point.Timestamp,
+                existing?.RequestsPerSecond,
+                Math.Round(point.Value, 2));
+        }
+        return points.Values.ToArray();
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<PerformanceRankingItem> MergeRanking(
+        IReadOnlyList<PrometheusSample> latency,
+        IReadOnlyList<PrometheusSample> count,
+        IReadOnlyList<PrometheusSample> exceptional,
+        string label)
+    {
+        var names = latency
+            .Concat(count)
+            .Concat(exceptional)
+            .Select(item => item.Labels.GetValueOrDefault(label))
+            .Where(name => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            .ToArray();
+        var items = names.Select(name =>
+        {
+            var latencyValue = FindValue(latency, label, name);
+            var countValue = FindValue(count, label, name);
+            var exceptionalValue = FindValue(exceptional, label, name);
+            return new PerformanceRankingItem(
+                name!,
+                Round(latencyValue),
+                Round(countValue),
+                Round(exceptionalValue));
+        });
+        return items
+            .OrderByDescending(item => item.P95Milliseconds ?? -1)
+            .ThenByDescending(item => item.RequestCount ?? -1)
+            .Take(10)
+            .ToArray();
+    }
+
+    private static double? FindValue(
+        IReadOnlyList<PrometheusSample> samples,
+        string label,
+        string? name) =>
+        samples.FirstOrDefault(item =>
+            item.Labels.GetValueOrDefault(label) == name)?.Value;
+
+    private static double ToUnixSeconds(DateTime value) =>
+        new DateTimeOffset(
+            DateTime.SpecifyKind(value, DateTimeKind.Utc)).ToUnixTimeMilliseconds()
+        / 1000d;
+
+    private static double? Round(double? value) =>
+        value.HasValue && double.IsFinite(value.Value)
+            ? Math.Round(value.Value, 2)
+            : null;
+
+    private static string? EmptyToNull(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value;
+
+    private sealed record PrometheusSample(
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> Labels,
+        double Value);
+
+    private sealed record PerformanceSeriesPoint(
+        DateTime Timestamp,
+        double Value);
+}
+
+public sealed record PerformanceHeadline(
+    double? RequestCount,
+    double? RequestP95Milliseconds,
+    double? ServerErrorRatePercent,
+    double? DatabaseP95Milliseconds,
+    double? SlowDatabaseCommandCount,
+    double? FailedDatabaseCommandCount);
+
+public sealed record PerformanceTimelinePoint(
+    DateTime Timestamp,
+    double? RequestsPerSecond,
+    double? RequestP95Milliseconds);
+
+public sealed record PerformanceRankingItem(
+    string Name,
+    double? P95Milliseconds,
+    double? RequestCount,
+    double? ExceptionalCount);
+
+public sealed record PerformanceReport(
+    string Status,
+    string Range,
+    DateTime? From,
+    DateTime? To,
+    DateTime GeneratedAt,
+    string DataSource,
+    string? DashboardUrl,
+    string? Detail,
+    PerformanceHeadline? Headline,
+    IReadOnlyList<PerformanceTimelinePoint> Timeline,
+    IReadOnlyList<PerformanceRankingItem> Endpoints,
+    IReadOnlyList<PerformanceRankingItem> DatabaseQueries)
+{
+    public static PerformanceReport NotConfigured(
+        string range,
+        string? dashboardUrl) =>
+        Empty(
+            "not_configured",
+            range,
+            dashboardUrl,
+            "尚未配置 Prometheus 数据源。请先部署指标存储并设置 " +
+            "PerformanceReporting__PrometheusBaseUrl。");
+
+    public static PerformanceReport Unavailable(
+        string range,
+        string? dashboardUrl) =>
+        Empty(
+            "unavailable",
+            range,
+            dashboardUrl,
+            "性能数据源暂时不可用。系统业务不受影响，请检查 Prometheus 与网络配置。");
+
+    private static PerformanceReport Empty(
+        string status,
+        string range,
+        string? dashboardUrl,
+        string detail) =>
+        new(
+            status,
+            range,
+            null,
+            null,
+            DateTime.UtcNow,
+            "prometheus",
+            string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dashboardUrl) ? null : dashboardUrl,
+            detail,
+            null,
+            [],
+            [],
+            []);
+}
+
+internal sealed record PerformanceRange(
+    string Key,
+    TimeSpan Duration,
+    string PrometheusRange,
+    string RateWindow,
+    int StepSeconds)
+{
+    public static PerformanceRange? TryParse(string? value) =>
+        value?.Trim().ToLowerInvariant() switch
+        {
+            "15m" => new("15m", TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15), "15m", "1m", 30),
+            "1h" => new("1h", TimeSpan.FromHours(1), "1h", "5m", 60),
+            "24h" => new("24h", TimeSpan.FromHours(24), "24h", "15m", 900),
+            "7d" => new("7d", TimeSpan.FromDays(7), "7d", "1h", 3600),
+            _ => null
+        };
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Observability/PerformanceReportingOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+
+public sealed partial class PerformanceReportingOptions
+{
+    public const string SectionName = "PerformanceReporting";
+
+    public bool Enabled { get; set; }
+    public string PrometheusBaseUrl { get; set; } = "";
+    public string BearerToken { get; set; } = "";
+    public string GrafanaBaseUrl { get; set; } = "";
+    public int CacheSeconds { get; set; } = 30;
+    public int TimeoutSeconds { get; set; } = 10;
+    public string ServiceLabel { get; set; } = "service_name";
+    public string RequestDurationMetric { get; set; } =
+        "http_server_request_duration_seconds";
+    public string DatabaseDurationMetric { get; set; } =
+        "jiaowu_db_command_duration_milliseconds";
+    public string SlowDatabaseMetric { get; set; } =
+        "jiaowu_db_command_slow_total";
+    public string FailedDatabaseMetric { get; set; } =
+        "jiaowu_db_command_failed_total";
+
+    public static bool IsMetricOrLabelName(string value) =>
+        !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) &&
+        PrometheusNamePattern().IsMatch(value);
+
+    [GeneratedRegex("^[a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9_:]*$")]
+    private static partial Regex PrometheusNamePattern();
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -416,6 +416,8 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
 
         builder.Entity<ScheduleEntry>(entity =>
         {
+            entity.Property(x => x.Kind)
+                .HasDefaultValue(ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture);
             entity.Property(x => x.Notes).HasMaxLength(500);
             entity.HasIndex(x => new
             {

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/DevelopmentSqliteMigrator.cs

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
         "20260728_40_experiment_grade_management";
     private const string AppUpdateReleasesMigration =
         "20260729_41_app_update_releases";
+    private const string IntegratedExperimentSchedulingMigration =
+        "20260802_42_integrated_experiment_scheduling";
 
     public async Task MigrateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
@@ -577,6 +579,20 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
             AppUpdateReleasesMigration,
             AppUpdateReleasesStatements,
             cancellationToken);
+        var scheduleEntryKindExists = await db.Database
+            .SqlQueryRaw<int>(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Value"
+                FROM pragma_table_info('ScheduleEntries')
+                WHERE name = 'Kind'
+                """)
+            .AnyAsync(value => value > 0, cancellationToken);
+        await ApplyMigrationAsync(
+            IntegratedExperimentSchedulingMigration,
+            scheduleEntryKindExists
+                ? []
+                : IntegratedExperimentSchedulingStatements,
+            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     private async Task ApplyMigrationAsync(
@@ -2714,4 +2730,12 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
         ON "ExperimentGradeItemScores" ("ExperimentGradeItemId");
         """
     ];
+
+    private static readonly string[] IntegratedExperimentSchedulingStatements =
+    [
+        """
+        ALTER TABLE "ScheduleEntries"
+        ADD COLUMN "Kind" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1;
+        """
+    ];
 }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/20260802083644_IntegratedExperimentScheduling.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class IntegratedExperimentScheduling : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.AddColumn<int>(
+                name: "Kind",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                type: "int",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: 1);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+                name: "Kind",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/AppDbContextModelSnapshot.cs

@@ -3296,6 +3296,10 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Property<int>("EndWeek")
                         .HasColumnType("int");
 
+                    b.Property<int>("Kind")
+                        .HasColumnType("int")
+                        .HasDefaultValue(1);
+
                     b.Property<string>("Notes")
                         .HasMaxLength(500)
                         .HasColumnType("varchar(500)");

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Scheduling/AutomaticScheduleGenerator.cs

@@ -74,97 +74,62 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
         {
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
             constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
-            if (!TeachingTaskHours.TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
-                    task.Course!,
-                    task.StartWeek,
-                    task.EndWeek,
-                    out var requiredWeeklyHours))
+            var taskCompleted = true;
+            foreach (var kind in new[]
                      {
-                messages.Add(
-                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 的普通排课学时不能按授课周次整除，请调整教学任务周次。");
-                processedTasks++;
-                if (reportProgress is not null)
+                         ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture,
+                         ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment
+                     })
             {
-                    await reportProgress(
-                        new(tasks.Count, processedTasks, created, completedTasks),
-                        cancellationToken);
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-
+                var targetHours = TeachingTaskHours.TargetHours(task.Course!, kind);
                 var scheduledHours = entries
-                .Where(x => x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id)
-                .Sum(x => x.PeriodCount);
-            if (scheduledHours > requiredWeeklyHours)
+                    .Where(x =>
+                        x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id &&
+                        x.Kind == kind)
+                    .Sum(TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours);
+                var label = kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment ? "实验课" : "理论课";
+                if (scheduledHours > targetHours)
                 {
                     messages.Add(
-                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 已安排每周 {scheduledHours} 学时，" +
-                    $"普通课表只需 {requiredWeeklyHours} 学时；请删除已包含的实践学时。");
-                processedTasks++;
-                if (reportProgress is not null)
-                {
-                    await reportProgress(
-                        new(tasks.Count, processedTasks, created, completedTasks),
-                        cancellationToken);
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            var remainingHours = requiredWeeklyHours - scheduledHours;
-            if (remainingHours == 0)
-            {
-                completedTasks++;
-                processedTasks++;
-                if (reportProgress is not null)
-                {
-                    await reportProgress(
-                        new(tasks.Count, processedTasks, created, completedTasks),
-                        cancellationToken);
-                }
+                        $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 的{label}已安排 {scheduledHours} 学时，" +
+                        $"超过课程规定的 {targetHours} 学时，请先删除多余课次。");
+                    taskCompleted = false;
                     continue;
                 }
 
+                var remainingHours = targetHours - scheduledHours;
                 while (remainingHours > 0)
                 {
-                var desiredBlock = remainingHours >= 2 ? 2 : 1;
-                var candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                    var candidate = FindBestCandidateForHours(
                         plan.Id,
                         task,
                         constraint,
-                    desiredBlock,
+                        kind,
+                        remainingHours,
                         activePeriods,
                         classrooms,
                         entries,
                         cancellationToken);
-                if (candidate is null && desiredBlock > 1)
-                {
-                    candidate = FindBestCandidate(
-                        plan.Id,
-                        task,
-                        constraint,
-                        1,
-                        activePeriods,
-                        classrooms,
-                        entries,
-                        cancellationToken);
-                }
                     if (candidate is null) break;
 
                     db.ScheduleEntries.Add(candidate);
                     entries.Add(candidate);
                     created++;
-                remainingHours -= candidate.PeriodCount;
+                    remainingHours -= TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours(candidate);
                 }
 
-            if (remainingHours == 0)
-            {
-                completedTasks++;
-            }
-            else
+                if (remainingHours > 0)
                 {
                     messages.Add(
-                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 仍有 {remainingHours} 学时无法安排，请检查教师/班级冲突或场地与时间约束。");
+                        $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 仍有 {remainingHours} 个{label}学时无法安排，" +
+                        (kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment
+                            ? "请检查实验室/机房容量、教师班级冲突或时间约束。"
+                            : "请检查教师/班级冲突或场地与时间约束。"));
+                    taskCompleted = false;
                 }
+            }
+
+            if (taskCompleted) completedTasks++;
 
             processedTasks++;
             if (reportProgress is not null)
@@ -185,11 +150,51 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
             processedTasks);
     }
 
+    private static ScheduleEntry? FindBestCandidateForHours(
+        Guid planId,
+        TeachingTask task,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        ScheduleEntryKind kind,
+        int remainingHours,
+        HashSet<int> activePeriods,
+        IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms,
+        IReadOnlyList<ScheduleEntry> entries,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var weekCount = task.EndWeek - task.StartWeek + 1;
+        foreach (var periodCount in remainingHours >= 2
+                     ? new[] { 2, 1 }
+                     : new[] { 1 })
+        {
+            var maxOccurrences = Math.Min(
+                weekCount,
+                remainingHours / periodCount);
+            for (var occurrences = maxOccurrences; occurrences >= 1; occurrences--)
+            {
+                var candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                    planId,
+                    task,
+                    constraint,
+                    kind,
+                    periodCount,
+                    occurrences,
+                    activePeriods,
+                    classrooms,
+                    entries,
+                    cancellationToken);
+                if (candidate is not null) return candidate;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
     private static ScheduleEntry? FindBestCandidate(
         Guid planId,
         TeachingTask task,
         TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        ScheduleEntryKind kind,
         int periodCount,
+        int occurrenceCount,
         HashSet<int> activePeriods,
         IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms,
         IReadOnlyList<ScheduleEntry> entries,
@@ -198,11 +203,15 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
         var allowedDays = ParseAllowedDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
         var firstPeriod = constraint?.EarliestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Min();
         var lastPeriod = constraint?.LatestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Max();
-        var rooms = EligibleRooms(task, constraint, classrooms);
+        var rooms = EligibleRooms(task, constraint, kind, classrooms);
         if ((constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true) && rooms.Count == 0)
             return null;
 
         var candidates = new List<(ScheduleEntry Entry, int Score)>();
+        for (var startWeek = task.StartWeek;
+             startWeek + occurrenceCount - 1 <= task.EndWeek;
+             startWeek++)
+        {
             foreach (var day in allowedDays)
             {
                 cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
@@ -212,7 +221,8 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
                     if (Enumerable.Range(start, periodCount).Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
                         continue;
 
-                var roomOptions = constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false
+                    var roomOptions = kind != ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment &&
+                                      constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false
                         ? new Classroom?[] { null }
                         : rooms.Cast<Classroom?>().ToArray();
                     foreach (var room in roomOptions)
@@ -222,14 +232,17 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
                             SchedulePlanId = planId,
                             TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
                             TeachingTask = task,
+                            Kind = kind,
                             ClassroomId = room?.Id,
                             DayOfWeek = day,
                             StartPeriod = start,
                             PeriodCount = periodCount,
-                        StartWeek = task.StartWeek,
-                        EndWeek = task.EndWeek,
+                            StartWeek = startWeek,
+                            EndWeek = startWeek + occurrenceCount - 1,
                             WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All,
-                        Notes = "自动排课"
+                            Notes = kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment
+                                ? "自动排课 · 实验课"
+                                : "自动排课 · 理论课"
                         };
                         if (entries.Any(existing =>
                                 ScheduleConflictDetector.TimeOverlaps(existing, proposed) &&
@@ -240,11 +253,13 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
                             x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id && x.DayOfWeek == day);
                         var dayLoad = entries.Count(x => x.DayOfWeek == day);
                         var roomWaste = room is null ? 0 : Math.Max(0, room.Capacity - task.Capacity);
-                    var score = sameTaskDay * 1000 + dayLoad * 10 + start + roomWaste / 10;
+                        var score = sameTaskDay * 1000 + dayLoad * 10 + start +
+                                    roomWaste / 10 + startWeek;
                         candidates.Add((proposed, score));
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
         return candidates
             .OrderBy(x => x.Score)
             .ThenBy(x => x.Entry.DayOfWeek)
@@ -256,9 +271,11 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
     private static IReadOnlyList<Classroom> EligibleRooms(
         TeachingTask task,
         TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        ScheduleEntryKind kind,
         IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms)
     {
-        if (constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false) return [];
+        if (kind != ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment &&
+            constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false) return [];
         var allowedRoomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
             .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
             .ToHashSet() ?? [];
@@ -273,10 +290,17 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
                     room.Building!.CampusId == requiredCampusId) &&
                 (constraint?.RequiredBuildingId is not Guid requiredBuildingId ||
                     room.BuildingId == requiredBuildingId) &&
-                (allowedRoomIds.Count == 0 || allowedRoomIds.Contains(room.Id)))
+                (allowedRoomIds.Count == 0 || allowedRoomIds.Contains(room.Id)) &&
+                (kind != ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment || IsExperimentRoom(room.RoomType)))
             .ToList();
     }
 
+    private static bool IsExperimentRoom(string roomType) =>
+        roomType.Contains("实验", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("实训", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("机房", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("语音", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
     private static int[] ParseAllowedDays(string? value)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Scheduling/SchedulePublishJobs.cs

@@ -191,57 +191,30 @@ public sealed class SchedulePlanPublisher(AppDbContext db)
                 CoursePracticeHours = x.Course.PracticeHours
             })
             .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
-        var invalidHours = requiredTasks.FirstOrDefault(task =>
-            !TeachingTaskHours.TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
-                task.CourseTotalHours,
-                task.CoursePracticeHours,
-                task.StartWeek,
-                task.EndWeek,
-                out _));
-        if (invalidHours is not null)
-        {
-            throw new SchedulePublishValidationException(
-                $"{invalidHours.TaskNumber} · {invalidHours.Name} 的普通排课学时" +
-                "不能按授课周次整除，请先调整教学任务周次。");
-        }
-
-        var requiredWeeklyHours = requiredTasks
-            .Select(task =>
-            {
-                TeachingTaskHours.TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
-                    task.CourseTotalHours,
-                    task.CoursePracticeHours,
-                    task.StartWeek,
-                    task.EndWeek,
-                    out var hours);
-                return new
-                {
-                    Task = task,
-                    Hours = hours
-                };
-            })
-            .ToList();
         var scheduledHours = plan.Entries
-            .GroupBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
-            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Sum(x => x.PeriodCount));
-        var incomplete = requiredWeeklyHours.FirstOrDefault(item =>
-            scheduledHours.GetValueOrDefault(item.Task.Id) < item.Hours);
-        if (incomplete is not null)
+            .GroupBy(x => new { x.TeachingTaskId, x.Kind })
+            .ToDictionary(
+                group => (group.Key.TeachingTaskId, group.Key.Kind),
+                group => group.Sum(TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours));
+        foreach (var task in requiredTasks)
         {
+            var targets = new[]
+            {
+                (Kind: ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture,
+                    Hours: Math.Max(0, task.CourseTotalHours - task.CoursePracticeHours),
+                    Label: "理论课"),
+                (Kind: ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment,
+                    Hours: Math.Max(0, task.CoursePracticeHours),
+                    Label: "实验课")
+            };
+            foreach (var target in targets)
+            {
+                var actual = scheduledHours.GetValueOrDefault((task.Id, target.Kind));
+                if (actual == target.Hours) continue;
                 throw new SchedulePublishValidationException(
-                $"{incomplete.Task.TaskNumber} · {incomplete.Task.Name} 尚未达到每周 " +
-                $"{incomplete.Hours} 个普通排课学时，不能发布。");
+                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 的{target.Label}应安排 " +
+                    $"{target.Hours} 学时，当前已安排 {actual} 学时，不能发布。");
             }
-
-        var excessive = requiredWeeklyHours.FirstOrDefault(item =>
-            scheduledHours.GetValueOrDefault(item.Task.Id) > item.Hours);
-        if (excessive is not null)
-        {
-            var actualHours = scheduledHours.GetValueOrDefault(excessive.Task.Id);
-            throw new SchedulePublishValidationException(
-                $"{excessive.Task.TaskNumber} · {excessive.Task.Name} 已安排每周 " +
-                $"{actualHours} 学时，普通课表应为 {excessive.Hours} 学时；" +
-                "请删除已包含的实践学时后再发布。");
         }
 
         await reportProgress(3, "检查教师、行政班和教室冲突", cancellationToken);
@@ -275,7 +248,8 @@ public sealed class SchedulePlanPublisher(AppDbContext db)
             Fail(entry, "排课周次不在教学任务的授课周次内");
 
         constraints.TryGetValue(entry.TeachingTaskId, out var constraint);
-        var requiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true;
+        var requiresClassroom = entry.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment ||
+                                constraint?.RequiresClassroom != false;
         if (requiresClassroom && entry.ClassroomId is null)
             Fail(entry, "该课程需要占用教室");
         if (!requiresClassroom && entry.ClassroomId is not null)
@@ -296,6 +270,9 @@ public sealed class SchedulePlanPublisher(AppDbContext db)
         {
             if (classroom is null || !classroom.IsEnabled)
                 Fail(entry, "所选教室不存在或已停用");
+            if (entry.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment &&
+                !IsExperimentRoom(classroom.RoomType))
+                Fail(entry, $"实验课不能安排在“{classroom.RoomType}”类型的场地");
             if (constraint?.RequiredCampusId is Guid campusId &&
                 classroom.Building!.CampusId != campusId)
                 Fail(entry, "所选教室不在指定校区");
@@ -328,6 +305,12 @@ public sealed class SchedulePlanPublisher(AppDbContext db)
                 .Select(int.Parse)
                 .ToHashSet();
 
+    private static bool IsExperimentRoom(string roomType) =>
+        roomType.Contains("实验", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("实训", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("机房", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+        roomType.Contains("语音", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
     [DoesNotReturn]
     private static void Fail(ScheduleEntry entry, string message)
     {

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Teaching/TeachingTaskHours.cs

@@ -16,10 +16,35 @@ public static class TeachingTaskHours
     public static int TargetHours(
         Course course,
         TeachingTaskSchedulingMode schedulingMode) =>
-        schedulingMode == TeachingTaskSchedulingMode.Flexible
-            ? course.TotalHours
+        course.TotalHours;
+
+    public static int TargetHours(Course course, ScheduleEntryKind kind) =>
+        kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment
+            ? Math.Max(0, course.PracticeHours)
             : RegularScheduleHours(course);
 
+    public static int ScheduledHours(ScheduleEntry entry) =>
+        ScheduledHours(
+            entry.StartWeek,
+            entry.EndWeek,
+            entry.WeekPattern,
+            entry.PeriodCount);
+
+    public static int ScheduledHours(
+        int startWeek,
+        int endWeek,
+        WeekPattern weekPattern,
+        int periodCount)
+    {
+        if (endWeek < startWeek || periodCount <= 0) return 0;
+        var occurrences = Enumerable.Range(startWeek, endWeek - startWeek + 1)
+            .Count(week =>
+                weekPattern == WeekPattern.All ||
+                weekPattern == WeekPattern.Odd && week % 2 == 1 ||
+                weekPattern == WeekPattern.Even && week % 2 == 0);
+        return occurrences * periodCount;
+    }
+
     public static bool TryResolveRegularWeeklyHours(
         Course course,
         int startWeek,
@@ -62,14 +87,8 @@ public static class TeachingTaskHours
 
         if (schedulingMode == TeachingTaskSchedulingMode.Standard)
         {
-            if (targetHours == 0)
-            {
-                return $"课程“{course.Name}”的 {course.TotalHours} 学时均为实践学时，" +
-                       "无需进入普通课表；请将授课方式设为“非排时课程”，并在实验管理中安排。";
-            }
-
             return $"课程“{course.Name}”总学时为 {course.TotalHours}，其中实践学时 " +
-                   $"{course.PracticeHours}，普通课表应安排 {targetHours} 学时；当前第 " +
+                   $"{course.PracticeHours}；理论课和实验课均应进入课表。当前第 " +
                    $"{startWeek}—{endWeek} 周、每周 {weeklyHours} 学时，共 " +
                    $"{plannedHours} 学时。请调整授课周次或周学时。";
         }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableDataService.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             allowUnpublishedPlan,
             cancellationToken);
         var slots = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .TagWith("Timetable.LoadTimeSlots")
             .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == term.Id && x.IsEnabled)
             .OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
             .Select(x => new TimetableSlotDto(
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             }
 
             entries = await source
+                .TagWith("Timetable.LoadScheduleEntries")
                 .OrderBy(x => x.DayOfWeek)
                 .ThenBy(x => x.StartPeriod)
                 .ThenBy(x => x.TeachingTask!.Course!.Code)
@@ -104,7 +106,14 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
                     false,
                     null,
                     null,
-                    x.UpdatedAt))
+                    x.UpdatedAt,
+                    false,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    x.Kind))
                 .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
@@ -283,6 +292,7 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
         }
 
         return await source
+            .TagWith("Timetable.LoadFlexibleCourses")
             .OrderBy(x => x.Course!.Code)
             .ThenBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
             .Select(x => new FlexibleCourseDto(
@@ -326,9 +336,11 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             legacyQuery, resourceType, resourceId, studentId);
 
         var legacySessions = await legacyQuery
+            .TagWith("Timetable.LoadLegacyExamEntries")
             .OrderBy(x => x.ExamDate)
             .ThenBy(x => x.StartPeriod)
             .Select(x => new ExamSessionProjection(
+                x.Id,
                 x.Id,
                 x.TeachingTaskId,
                 x.TeachingTask!.TaskNumber,
@@ -356,71 +368,58 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             MapToEntryDto(x, slotLookup)));
 
         // ── Mixed-room sessions (ExamRoomAssignment) ──
-        // Load all mixed rooms for this term into memory, then filter
-        var allMixedRooms = await db.ExamRooms.AsNoTracking()
-            .Where(room =>
-                room.ExamPlan!.AcademicTermId == academicTermId &&
-                room.ExamPlan.Status == ExamPlanStatus.Published)
-            .Include(room => room.ExamPlan)
-            .Include(room => room.Classroom)
-                .ThenInclude(c => c!.Building)
-                    .ThenInclude(b => b!.Campus)
-            .Include(room => room.Invigilators)
-                .ThenInclude(i => i.Teacher)
-            .Include(room => room.SessionLinks)
-                .ThenInclude(link => link.ExamSession)
-                    .ThenInclude(s => s!.TeachingTask)
-                        .ThenInclude(t => t!.Course)
-            .Include(room => room.SessionLinks)
-                .ThenInclude(link => link.ExamSession)
-                    .ThenInclude(s => s!.TeachingTask)
-                        .ThenInclude(t => t!.Teachers)
-                            .ThenInclude(tt => tt.Teacher)
-            .Include(room => room.SessionLinks)
-                .ThenInclude(link => link.ExamSession)
-                    .ThenInclude(s => s!.TeachingTask)
-                        .ThenInclude(t => t!.Classes)
-                            .ThenInclude(tc => tc.AdministrativeClass)
-            .Include(room => room.Seats)
+        // Start from room/session links so the resource predicate stays in SQL.
+        // Loading every room, seat and roster for the term made a single
+        // timetable request scale with the entire exam plan.
+        var mixedQuery = db.ExamRoomSessions.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(link =>
+                link.ExamRoom!.ExamPlan!.AcademicTermId == academicTermId &&
+                link.ExamRoom.ExamPlan.Status == ExamPlanStatus.Published);
+        mixedQuery = ApplyMixedResourceFilter(
+            mixedQuery, resourceType, resourceId, studentId);
+
+        var mixedSessions = await mixedQuery
+            .TagWith("Timetable.LoadMixedExamEntries")
             .AsSplitQuery()
-            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
-
-        foreach (var room in allMixedRooms)
-        {
-            foreach (var link in room.SessionLinks)
-            {
-                var session = link.ExamSession;
-                if (session == null || session.TeachingTask == null) continue;
-
-                // Apply resource filter in memory
-                if (!MatchesMixedResource(
-                        room, session, resourceType, resourceId, studentId))
-                    continue;
-
-                result.Add(MapToEntryDto(new ExamSessionProjection(
-                    room.Id,
-                    session.TeachingTaskId,
-                    session.TeachingTask.TaskNumber,
-                    session.TeachingTask.Name,
-                    session.TeachingTask.Course!.Code,
-                    session.TeachingTask.Course.Name,
-                    session.TeachingTask.Teachers
+            .OrderBy(link => link.ExamRoom!.ExamDate)
+            .ThenBy(link => link.ExamRoom!.StartPeriod)
+            .ThenBy(link => link.ExamSession!.TeachingTask!.Course!.Code)
+            .Select(link => new ExamSessionProjection(
+                link.ExamSessionId,
+                link.ExamRoomId,
+                link.ExamSession!.TeachingTaskId,
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask!.TaskNumber,
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask.Name,
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask.Course!.Code,
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask.Course.Name,
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask.Teachers
                     .OrderByDescending(t => t.IsPrimary)
                     .Select(t => t.Teacher!.Name).ToList(),
-                    session.TeachingTask.Classes
+                link.ExamSession.TeachingTask.Classes
                     .Select(c => c.AdministrativeClass!.Name).ToList(),
-                    room.Classroom!.Name,
-                    room.Classroom.Building!.Name,
-                    room.Classroom.Building.Campus!.Name,
-                    room.ExamDate,
-                    room.StartPeriod,
-                    room.PeriodCount,
-                    room.ExamPlan!.Name,
-                    room.Invigilators
+                link.ExamRoom!.Classroom!.Name,
+                link.ExamRoom.Classroom.Building!.Name,
+                link.ExamRoom.Classroom.Building.Campus!.Name,
+                link.ExamRoom.ExamDate,
+                link.ExamRoom.StartPeriod,
+                link.ExamRoom.PeriodCount,
+                link.ExamRoom.ExamPlan!.Name,
+                link.ExamRoom.Invigilators
                     .Select(i => i.Teacher!.Name).ToList(),
                 null,
-                    room.UpdatedAt), slotLookup));
+                link.ExamRoom.UpdatedAt))
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+        if (resourceType == TimetableResourceType.Class && !studentId.HasValue)
+        {
+            result.AddRange(mixedSessions
+                .GroupBy(x => x.ExamSessionId)
+                .Select(group => MapClassExamEntryDto(group, slotLookup)));
         }
+        else
+        {
+            result.AddRange(mixedSessions.Select(x =>
+                MapToEntryDto(x, slotLookup)));
         }
 
         return result;
@@ -439,6 +438,7 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             db,
             studentId.Value);
         var sessions = await db.ExperimentSessions.AsNoTracking()
+            .TagWith("Timetable.LoadExperimentEntries")
             .AsSplitQuery()
             .Where(x =>
                 x.ExperimentProject!.TeachingTask!.AcademicTermId == term.Id &&
@@ -535,9 +535,8 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
         return date.AddDays(1 - dayOfWeek);
     }
 
-    private static bool MatchesMixedResource(
-        ExamRoomAssignment room,
-        ExamSession session,
+    private static IQueryable<ExamRoomSession> ApplyMixedResourceFilter(
+        IQueryable<ExamRoomSession> source,
         TimetableResourceType resourceType,
         Guid resourceId,
         Guid? studentId)
@@ -545,20 +544,27 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
         switch (resourceType)
         {
             case TimetableResourceType.Classroom:
-                return room.ClassroomId == resourceId;
+                return source.Where(link =>
+                    link.ExamRoom!.ClassroomId == resourceId);
             case TimetableResourceType.Teacher:
-                return room.Invigilators.Any(i => i.TeacherId == resourceId) ||
-                       session.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Any(
-                           t => t.TeacherId == resourceId);
+                return source.Where(link =>
+                    link.ExamRoom!.Invigilators.Any(i =>
+                        i.TeacherId == resourceId) ||
+                    link.ExamSession!.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Any(t =>
+                        t.TeacherId == resourceId));
             case TimetableResourceType.Class:
                 if (studentId.HasValue)
-                    return session.TeachingTask!.Classes.Any(c =>
-                               c.AdministrativeClassId == resourceId) ||
-                           room.Seats.Any(s => s.StudentId == studentId.Value);
-                return session.TeachingTask!.Classes.Any(c =>
-                    c.AdministrativeClassId == resourceId);
+                {
+                    return source.Where(link =>
+                        link.ExamRoom!.Seats.Any(s =>
+                            s.StudentId == studentId.Value &&
+                            s.ExamSessionId == link.ExamSessionId));
+                }
+                return source.Where(link =>
+                    link.ExamSession!.TeachingTask!.Classes.Any(c =>
+                        c.AdministrativeClassId == resourceId));
             default:
-                return true;
+                return source;
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,7 +614,7 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
                 new[] { "监考：" + string.Join("、", x.InvigilatorNames) })
             : x.TeacherNames;
         return new TimetableEntryDto(
-            x.Id,
+            x.ExamRoomId,
             x.TeachingTaskId,
             x.TaskNumber,
             x.TaskName,
@@ -631,8 +637,42 @@ public sealed class TimetableDataService(AppDbContext db)
             x.UpdatedAt);
     }
 
+    private static TimetableEntryDto MapClassExamEntryDto(
+        IEnumerable<ExamSessionProjection> sessions,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<int, TimetableSlotDto> slotLookup)
+    {
+        var rooms = sessions.ToList();
+        var first = rooms[0];
+        var roomCount = rooms
+            .Select(x => x.ExamRoomId)
+            .Distinct()
+            .Count();
+        var buildingNames = rooms
+            .Select(x => x.BuildingName)
+            .Distinct()
+            .ToList();
+        var campusNames = rooms
+            .Select(x => x.CampusName)
+            .Distinct()
+            .ToList();
+        var entry = MapToEntryDto(first, slotLookup);
+        return entry with
+        {
+            Id = first.ExamSessionId,
+            TeacherNames = first.TeacherNames,
+            ClassroomName = roomCount == 1
+                ? first.ClassroomName
+                : $"分散至 {roomCount} 个考场",
+            BuildingName = buildingNames.Count == 1 ? buildingNames[0] : null,
+            CampusName = campusNames.Count == 1 ? campusNames[0] : null,
+            UpdatedAt = rooms.Max(x => x.UpdatedAt),
+            ExamRoomCount = roomCount
+        };
+    }
+
     private sealed record ExamSessionProjection(
-        Guid Id,
+        Guid ExamSessionId,
+        Guid ExamRoomId,
         Guid TeachingTaskId,
         string TaskNumber,
         string TaskName,
@@ -762,7 +802,9 @@ public sealed record TimetableEntryDto(
     string? ExperimentProjectCode = null,
     string? ExperimentProjectName = null,
     DateOnly? ExperimentDate = null,
-    ExperimentArrangementMode? ExperimentArrangementMode = null);
+    ExperimentArrangementMode? ExperimentArrangementMode = null,
+    ScheduleEntryKind Kind = ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture,
+    int ExamRoomCount = 1);
 
 public sealed record FlexibleCourseDto(
     Guid Id,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableExcelExporter.cs

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public static class TimetableExcelExporter
               $"{Location(entry)}\n" +
               $"{entry.ExamDate:yyyy-MM-dd} · 第 {entry.StartPeriod}-" +
               $"{entry.StartPeriod + entry.PeriodCount - 1} 节"
-            : $"{entry.CourseName}\n" +
+            : $"{(entry.Kind == Domain.Academic.ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment ? "【实验课】" : "")}{entry.CourseName}\n" +
               $"{string.Join('、', entry.TeacherNames)}\n" +
               $"{Location(entry)}\n" +
               $"{entry.StartWeek}-{entry.EndWeek} 周";

src/Jiaowu.Api/Jiaowu.Api.csproj

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
     </PackageReference>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="10.0.10" />
     <PackageReference Include="MySql.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="10.0.7" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Exporter.OpenTelemetryProtocol" Version="1.17.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Hosting" Version="1.17.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore" Version="1.17.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.Http" Version="1.17.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.Runtime" Version="1.17.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="QRCoder" Version="1.8.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="RabbitMQ.Client" Version="7.2.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="3.119.2" />

src/Jiaowu.Api/Program.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Caching;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Exams;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Middleware;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.OfficialDocuments;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Operations;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
@@ -19,6 +20,9 @@ using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Distributed;
 using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
 using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
+using OpenTelemetry.Metrics;
+using OpenTelemetry.Resources;
+using OpenTelemetry.Trace;
 using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
 
 EnvironmentFile.Load();
@@ -78,6 +82,12 @@ var backgroundJobOptions = builder.Configuration
 var operationsOptions = builder.Configuration
     .GetSection(OperationsOptions.SectionName)
     .Get<OperationsOptions>() ?? new OperationsOptions();
+var observabilityOptions = builder.Configuration
+    .GetSection(ObservabilityOptions.SectionName)
+    .Get<ObservabilityOptions>() ?? new ObservabilityOptions();
+var performanceReportingOptions = builder.Configuration
+    .GetSection(PerformanceReportingOptions.SectionName)
+    .Get<PerformanceReportingOptions>() ?? new PerformanceReportingOptions();
 var rabbitMqOptions = builder.Configuration
     .GetSection(RabbitMqOptions.SectionName)
     .Get<RabbitMqOptions>() ?? new RabbitMqOptions();
@@ -110,6 +120,46 @@ if (databaseOptions.CommandTimeoutSeconds is < 5 or > 300)
         "Database:CommandTimeoutSeconds 必须在 5 到 300 秒之间。");
 }
 
+if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(observabilityOptions.ServiceName) ||
+    observabilityOptions.ServiceName.Length > 100 ||
+    observabilityOptions.SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds is < 1 or > 60000 ||
+    observabilityOptions.MaximumSqlTextLength is < 256 or > 20000)
+{
+    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+        "Observability 服务名、慢查询阈值或 SQL 文本长度超出允许范围。");
+}
+
+if (performanceReportingOptions.CacheSeconds is < 5 or > 300 ||
+    performanceReportingOptions.TimeoutSeconds is < 1 or > 60 ||
+    performanceReportingOptions.BearerToken.Length > 8000 ||
+    !PerformanceReportingOptions.IsMetricOrLabelName(
+        performanceReportingOptions.ServiceLabel) ||
+    !PerformanceReportingOptions.IsMetricOrLabelName(
+        performanceReportingOptions.RequestDurationMetric) ||
+    !PerformanceReportingOptions.IsMetricOrLabelName(
+        performanceReportingOptions.DatabaseDurationMetric) ||
+    !PerformanceReportingOptions.IsMetricOrLabelName(
+        performanceReportingOptions.SlowDatabaseMetric) ||
+    !PerformanceReportingOptions.IsMetricOrLabelName(
+        performanceReportingOptions.FailedDatabaseMetric) ||
+    (performanceReportingOptions.Enabled &&
+     !IsHttpUrl(performanceReportingOptions.PrometheusBaseUrl)) ||
+    (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(performanceReportingOptions.GrafanaBaseUrl) &&
+     !IsHttpUrl(performanceReportingOptions.GrafanaBaseUrl)))
+{
+    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+        "PerformanceReporting 数据源、超时、缓存或指标名称配置无效。");
+}
+
+var otlpEndpoint = builder.Configuration["OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT"];
+if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(otlpEndpoint) &&
+    (!Uri.TryCreate(otlpEndpoint, UriKind.Absolute, out var parsedOtlpEndpoint) ||
+     parsedOtlpEndpoint.Scheme is not ("http" or "https")))
+{
+    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+        "OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT 必须是有效的 HTTP 或 HTTPS 绝对地址。");
+}
+
 if (cacheOptions.ReferenceExpirationMinutes is < 1 or > 1440 ||
     cacheOptions.TimetableExpirationMinutes is < 1 or > 1440 ||
     cacheOptions.AnalyticsExpirationMinutes is < 1 or > 1440 ||
@@ -193,11 +243,23 @@ builder.Services.AddSingleton(cacheOptions);
 builder.Services.AddSingleton(officialDocumentOptions);
 builder.Services.AddSingleton(backgroundJobOptions);
 builder.Services.AddSingleton(operationsOptions);
+builder.Services.AddSingleton(observabilityOptions);
+builder.Services.AddSingleton(performanceReportingOptions);
 builder.Services.AddSingleton(rabbitMqOptions);
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor>();
+builder.Services.AddMemoryCache();
+builder.Services.AddHttpClient<PerformanceReportService>((services, client) =>
+{
+    var reporting = services.GetRequiredService<PerformanceReportingOptions>();
+    client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(reporting.TimeoutSeconds);
+});
 builder.Services.Configure<OfficialDocumentOptions>(
     builder.Configuration.GetSection(OfficialDocumentOptions.SectionName));
-builder.Services.AddDbContextPool<AppDbContext>(options =>
+builder.Services.AddDbContextPool<AppDbContext>((services, options) =>
 {
+    options.AddInterceptors(
+        services.GetRequiredService<DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor>());
+
     if (databaseOptions.Provider.Equals("SQLite", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
     {
         var sqliteConnectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("SQLite")
@@ -240,6 +302,28 @@ builder.Services.AddDbContextPool<AppDbContext>(options =>
         });
 });
 
+if (observabilityOptions.Enabled &&
+    !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(otlpEndpoint))
+{
+    builder.Services
+        .AddOpenTelemetry()
+        .ConfigureResource(resource =>
+            resource.AddService(observabilityOptions.ServiceName))
+        .WithMetrics(metrics => metrics
+            .AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation()
+            .AddHttpClientInstrumentation()
+            .AddRuntimeInstrumentation()
+            .AddMeter(DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.MeterName))
+        .WithTracing(tracing => tracing
+            .AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation(options =>
+                options.Filter = context =>
+                    !context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/health/live"))
+            .AddHttpClientInstrumentation()
+            .AddSource(DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.ActivitySourceName))
+        .WithMetrics(metrics => metrics.AddOtlpExporter())
+        .WithTracing(tracing => tracing.AddOtlpExporter());
+}
+
 var redisConnectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Redis");
 if (cacheOptions.Enabled && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(redisConnectionString))
 {
@@ -616,4 +700,8 @@ static async Task<IResult> CheckMessagingHealthAsync(
     }
 }
 
+static bool IsHttpUrl(string value) =>
+    Uri.TryCreate(value, UriKind.Absolute, out var uri) &&
+    uri.Scheme is "http" or "https";
+
 public partial class Program;

src/Jiaowu.Api/appsettings.json

@@ -19,6 +19,26 @@
     "AnalyticsLocalExpirationSeconds": 30,
     "MaximumPayloadKilobytes": 2048
   },
+  "Observability": {
+    "Enabled": true,
+    "ServiceName": "jiaowu-api",
+    "SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds": 500,
+    "IncludeSqlText": false,
+    "MaximumSqlTextLength": 2000
+  },
+  "PerformanceReporting": {
+    "Enabled": false,
+    "PrometheusBaseUrl": "",
+    "BearerToken": "",
+    "GrafanaBaseUrl": "",
+    "CacheSeconds": 30,
+    "TimeoutSeconds": 10,
+    "ServiceLabel": "service_name",
+    "RequestDurationMetric": "http_server_request_duration_seconds",
+    "DatabaseDurationMetric": "jiaowu_db_command_duration_milliseconds",
+    "SlowDatabaseMetric": "jiaowu_db_command_slow_total",
+    "FailedDatabaseMetric": "jiaowu_db_command_failed_total"
+  },
   "Operations": {
     "BackupDirectory": "data/backups",
     "BackupWarningHours": 24,

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Teaching;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
@@ -157,6 +158,21 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests
             EndDate = new DateOnly(2027, 1, 15)
         };
         var college = new College { Code = "LAB", Name = "实验学院" };
+        var campus = new Campus { Code = "LAB-CAMPUS", Name = "实验校区" };
+        var building = new Building
+        {
+            Code = "LAB-BUILDING",
+            Name = "实验楼",
+            Campus = campus
+        };
+        var laboratory = new Classroom
+        {
+            Code = "LAB-101",
+            Name = "实验室 101",
+            Building = building,
+            Capacity = 40,
+            RoomType = "实验室"
+        };
         var course = new Course
         {
             Code = "LAB-01",
@@ -185,7 +201,7 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests
             Name = "实验学时拆分测试",
             Version = "V1"
         };
-        db.AddRange(term, college, course, task, plan);
+        db.AddRange(term, college, campus, building, laboratory, course, task, plan);
         db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(
             new ScheduleTimeSlot
             {
@@ -203,22 +219,22 @@ public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests
                 StartsAt = new TimeOnly(8, 55),
                 EndsAt = new TimeOnly(9, 40)
             });
-        db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.Add(
-            new TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint
-            {
-                TeachingTask = task,
-                RequiresClassroom = false
-            });
         await db.SaveChangesAsync();
 
         var result = await new AutomaticScheduleGenerator(db)
             .GenerateAsync(plan, CancellationToken.None);
 
-        Assert.Equal(1, result.CreatedEntries);
+        Assert.Equal(2, result.CreatedEntries);
         Assert.Equal(1, result.CompletedTasks);
-        Assert.Equal(
-            1,
-            (await db.ScheduleEntries.SingleAsync()).PeriodCount);
+        var entries = await db.ScheduleEntries.OrderBy(x => x.Kind).ToListAsync();
+        Assert.Equal(2, entries.Count);
+        Assert.Contains(entries, x =>
+            x.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Lecture &&
+            TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours(x) == 16);
+        Assert.Contains(entries, x =>
+            x.Kind == ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment &&
+            x.ClassroomId == laboratory.Id &&
+            TeachingTaskHours.ScheduledHours(x) == 16);
     }
 
     [Fact]

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+using System.Diagnostics.Metrics;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
+
+public sealed class DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptorTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Query_name_uses_tag_without_exposing_statement_text()
+    {
+        const string sql =
+            "-- Timetable.LoadMixedExamEntries\n" +
+            "SELECT * FROM ExamRooms WHERE SecretValue = @p0";
+
+        var queryName =
+            DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.GetQueryName(sql);
+
+        Assert.Equal("Timetable.LoadMixedExamEntries", queryName);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("SecretValue", queryName);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("@p0", queryName);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Untagged_query_name_is_stable_hash_not_statement_text()
+    {
+        const string sql =
+            "SELECT * FROM Students WHERE StudentNumber = @studentNumber";
+
+        var first = DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.GetQueryName(sql);
+        var second = DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.GetQueryName(sql);
+
+        Assert.Equal(first, second);
+        Assert.StartsWith("select:", first);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("Students", first);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("StudentNumber", first);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Ef_command_records_duration_metric()
+    {
+        await using var connection =
+            new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
+        await connection.OpenAsync();
+
+        var setupOptions = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()
+            .UseSqlite(connection)
+            .Options;
+        await using (var setupDb = new AppDbContext(setupOptions))
+            await setupDb.Database.EnsureCreatedAsync();
+
+        double? recordedDuration = null;
+        using var listener = new MeterListener
+        {
+            InstrumentPublished = (instrument, meterListener) =>
+            {
+                if (instrument.Meter.Name ==
+                        DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor.MeterName &&
+                    instrument.Name == "jiaowu.db.command.duration")
+                {
+                    meterListener.EnableMeasurementEvents(instrument);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        listener.SetMeasurementEventCallback<double>(
+            (_, measurement, _, _) => recordedDuration = measurement);
+        listener.Start();
+
+        var interceptor = new DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor(
+            new ObservabilityOptions(),
+            NullLogger<DatabaseCommandTelemetryInterceptor>.Instance);
+        var queryOptions = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()
+            .UseSqlite(connection)
+            .AddInterceptors(interceptor)
+            .Options;
+        await using var db = new AppDbContext(queryOptions);
+
+        await db.AcademicTerms
+            .TagWith("Observability.Tests.TermCount")
+            .CountAsync();
+
+        Assert.NotNull(recordedDuration);
+        Assert.True(recordedDuration >= 0);
+    }
+}

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ExamArrangementServiceTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Exams;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Timetables;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
@@ -55,6 +56,48 @@ public sealed class ExamArrangementServiceTests
         Assert.Contains("1个教学班场次处理完成", result.Message);
         Assert.Contains("1名监考教师", result.Message);
         Assert.Contains("程序设计", result.Message);
+
+        plan = await db.ExamPlans.SingleAsync(x => x.Id == plan.Id);
+        plan.Status = ExamPlanStatus.Published;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        db.ChangeTracker.Clear();
+
+        var timetableService = new TimetableDataService(db);
+        var classroomTimetable = await timetableService.BuildAsync(
+            TimetableResourceType.Classroom,
+            seed.LargeClassroom.Id,
+            seed.Term.Id,
+            null,
+            false,
+            null,
+            null,
+            CancellationToken.None);
+        var unrelatedClassroomTimetable = await timetableService.BuildAsync(
+            TimetableResourceType.Classroom,
+            seed.SmallClassroom.Id,
+            seed.Term.Id,
+            null,
+            false,
+            null,
+            null,
+            CancellationToken.None);
+        var invigilatorTimetable = await timetableService.BuildAsync(
+            TimetableResourceType.Teacher,
+            room.Invigilators.Single().TeacherId,
+            seed.Term.Id,
+            null,
+            false,
+            null,
+            null,
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.Equal(
+            "程序设计",
+            Assert.Single(classroomTimetable!.ExamEntries).CourseName);
+        Assert.Empty(unrelatedClassroomTimetable!.ExamEntries);
+        Assert.Contains(
+            "监考：监考教师",
+            Assert.Single(invigilatorTimetable!.ExamEntries).TeacherNames);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -108,6 +151,46 @@ public sealed class ExamArrangementServiceTests
         Assert.Equal(6, await db.ExamSeats.CountAsync());
         Assert.Contains("2个教学班混排至2个考场", result.Message);
         Assert.Contains("自动包含同组1个场次", result.Message);
+
+        plan = await db.ExamPlans.SingleAsync(x => x.Id == plan.Id);
+        plan.Status = ExamPlanStatus.Published;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+        db.ChangeTracker.Clear();
+
+        var student = await db.Students.AsNoTracking()
+            .OrderBy(x => x.StudentNumber)
+            .FirstAsync();
+        var timetableService = new TimetableDataService(db);
+        var classTimetable = await timetableService.BuildAsync(
+            TimetableResourceType.Class,
+            student.AdministrativeClassId,
+            seed.Term.Id,
+            null,
+            false,
+            null,
+            null,
+            CancellationToken.None);
+        var studentTimetable = await timetableService.BuildAsync(
+            TimetableResourceType.Class,
+            student.AdministrativeClassId,
+            seed.Term.Id,
+            null,
+            false,
+            student.Id,
+            new TimetableStudentDto(student.StudentNumber, student.Name),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        var classExam = Assert.Single(classTimetable!.ExamEntries);
+        Assert.Equal(first.Id, classExam.Id);
+        Assert.Equal(2, classExam.ExamRoomCount);
+        Assert.Equal("分散至 2 个考场", classExam.ClassroomName);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("监考：", classExam.TeacherNames);
+
+        var studentExam = Assert.Single(studentTimetable!.ExamEntries);
+        Assert.Equal(1, studentExam.ExamRoomCount);
+        Assert.Contains(
+            studentExam.ClassroomName,
+            new[] { seed.LargeClassroom.Name, seed.SmallClassroom.Name });
     }
 
     [Fact]

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ExperimentsControllerTests.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,112 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
 
 public sealed class ExperimentsControllerTests
 {
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BatchProjects_CreateSameDefinitionForSameCourseTasks()
+    {
+        await using var fixture = await ExperimentFixture.CreateAsync();
+        var controller = fixture.Controller(fixture.ManagerScope);
+
+        var result = await controller.CreateProjects(
+            fixture.BatchProjectRequest(
+                ExperimentArrangementMode.Centralized),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.IsType<CreatedResult>(result);
+        var projects = await fixture.Db.ExperimentProjects
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .ToListAsync();
+        Assert.Equal(2, projects.Count);
+        Assert.Equal(2, projects.Select(x => x.TeachingTaskId).Distinct().Count());
+        Assert.All(projects, project =>
+        {
+            Assert.Equal("LAB-BATCH", project.Code);
+            Assert.Equal("公共实验任务", project.Name);
+            Assert.Equal(ExperimentProjectStatus.Draft, project.Status);
+        });
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BatchSessions_RollsBackAllRowsWhenOneConflicts()
+    {
+        await using var fixture = await ExperimentFixture.CreateAsync();
+        var controller = fixture.Controller(fixture.ManagerScope);
+        await controller.CreateProjects(
+            fixture.BatchProjectRequest(
+                ExperimentArrangementMode.SelfScheduled),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+        var projectIds = await fixture.Db.ExperimentProjects
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .Select(x => x.Id)
+            .ToListAsync();
+
+        var result = await controller.CreateSessions(
+            new ExperimentSessionBatchRequest(
+            [
+                new ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+                    projectIds[0],
+                    fixture.Classroom.Id,
+                    fixture.Term.StartDate,
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    20,
+                    null),
+                new ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+                    projectIds[1],
+                    fixture.Classroom.Id,
+                    fixture.Term.StartDate,
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    20,
+                    null)
+            ]),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.IsType<ConflictObjectResult>(result);
+        fixture.Db.ChangeTracker.Clear();
+        Assert.Empty(await fixture.Db.ExperimentSessions.ToListAsync());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BatchSessions_CreatesRowsAtomicallyWhenAllAreValid()
+    {
+        await using var fixture = await ExperimentFixture.CreateAsync();
+        var controller = fixture.Controller(fixture.ManagerScope);
+        await controller.CreateProjects(
+            fixture.BatchProjectRequest(
+                ExperimentArrangementMode.SelfScheduled),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+        var projectIds = await fixture.Db.ExperimentProjects
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .Select(x => x.Id)
+            .ToListAsync();
+
+        var result = await controller.CreateSessions(
+            new ExperimentSessionBatchRequest(
+            [
+                new ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+                    projectIds[0],
+                    fixture.Classroom.Id,
+                    fixture.Term.StartDate,
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    20,
+                    null),
+                new ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+                    projectIds[1],
+                    fixture.SecondClassroom.Id,
+                    fixture.Term.StartDate,
+                    1,
+                    2,
+                    20,
+                    null)
+            ]),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.IsType<CreatedResult>(result);
+        Assert.Equal(2, await fixture.Db.ExperimentSessions.CountAsync());
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task CentralizedProject_PublishesAndUsesTeachingTaskRoster()
     {
@@ -421,6 +527,15 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsControllerTests
                     }
                 ]
             };
+            var secondTask = new TeachingTask
+            {
+                TaskNumber = "2099-1-CSLAB-02",
+                Name = "系统实验教学班 02",
+                AcademicTermId = term.Id,
+                CourseId = course.Id,
+                Capacity = 40,
+                Status = TeachingTaskStatus.Published
+            };
             db.AddRange(
                 manager,
                 studentUser,
@@ -435,7 +550,8 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsControllerTests
                 teacher,
                 term,
                 course,
-                task);
+                task,
+                secondTask);
             for (var period = 1; period <= 12; period++)
             {
                 db.ScheduleTimeSlots.Add(new ScheduleTimeSlot
@@ -486,6 +602,21 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsControllerTests
                 Term.StartDate,
                 Term.StartDate.AddDays(14));
 
+        public ExperimentProjectBatchRequest BatchProjectRequest(
+            ExperimentArrangementMode mode) =>
+            new(
+                Db.TeachingTasks
+                    .OrderBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+                    .Select(x => x.Id)
+                    .ToList(),
+                "LAB-BATCH",
+                "公共实验任务",
+                mode,
+                "多个教学任务共用的实验内容。",
+                "携带校园卡。",
+                Term.StartDate,
+                Term.StartDate.AddDays(14));
+
         public ExperimentSessionRequest SessionRequest(
             int startPeriod,
             int periodCount,

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/OperationsControllerTests.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.System;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.BackgroundJobs;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Caching;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Operations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@ public sealed class OperationsControllerTests
 
             var services = new ServiceCollection()
                 .AddLogging()
+                .AddMemoryCache()
                 .BuildServiceProvider();
             var logger = services.GetRequiredService<
                 ILogger<DatabaseBackupService>>();
@@ -224,10 +226,19 @@ public sealed class OperationsControllerTests
                 configuration,
                 environment,
                 logger);
+            var performance = new PerformanceReportService(
+                new HttpClient(),
+                services.GetRequiredService<
+                    Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory.IMemoryCache>(),
+                new PerformanceReportingOptions(),
+                new ObservabilityOptions(),
+                services.GetRequiredService<
+                    ILogger<PerformanceReportService>>());
             var controller = new OperationsController(
                 db,
                 health,
                 backups,
+                performance,
                 operationsOptions);
             return new OperationsFixture(services, db, controller, backups);
         }

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/PerformanceReportServiceTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+using System.Net;
+using System.Text;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Observability;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
+
+public sealed class PerformanceReportServiceTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Configured_source_returns_cached_native_report()
+    {
+        var handler = new PrometheusHandler();
+        using var httpClient = new HttpClient(handler);
+        using var cache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions());
+        var service = new PerformanceReportService(
+            httpClient,
+            cache,
+            new PerformanceReportingOptions
+            {
+                Enabled = true,
+                PrometheusBaseUrl = "https://prometheus.test/",
+                BearerToken = "read-only-token",
+                GrafanaBaseUrl = "https://grafana.test/",
+                CacheSeconds = 30
+            },
+            new ObservabilityOptions { ServiceName = "jiaowu-api" },
+            NullLogger<PerformanceReportService>.Instance);
+
+        var first = await service.GetAsync("1h", CancellationToken.None);
+        var second = await service.GetAsync("1h", CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.Equal("ready", first.Status);
+        Assert.Equal("prometheus", first.DataSource);
+        Assert.Equal("https://grafana.test/", first.DashboardUrl);
+        Assert.NotNull(first.Headline);
+        Assert.Equal(5, first.Headline.RequestCount);
+        Assert.Equal(2, first.Timeline.Count);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            "/api/timetables/classes/{classId}",
+            Assert.Single(first.Endpoints).Name);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            "Timetable.LoadScheduleEntries",
+            Assert.Single(first.DatabaseQueries).Name);
+        Assert.Same(first, second);
+        Assert.Equal(14, handler.RequestCount);
+        Assert.True(handler.AllRequestsAuthenticated);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Missing_source_returns_directed_empty_state()
+    {
+        using var cache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions());
+        var service = new PerformanceReportService(
+            new HttpClient(new RejectingHandler()),
+            cache,
+            new PerformanceReportingOptions(),
+            new ObservabilityOptions(),
+            NullLogger<PerformanceReportService>.Instance);
+
+        var report = await service.GetAsync("24h", CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.Equal("not_configured", report.Status);
+        Assert.Contains("Prometheus", report.Detail);
+        Assert.Empty(report.Timeline);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Unsupported_range_is_rejected_before_querying_source()
+    {
+        using var cache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions());
+        var service = new PerformanceReportService(
+            new HttpClient(new RejectingHandler()),
+            cache,
+            new PerformanceReportingOptions(),
+            new ObservabilityOptions(),
+            NullLogger<PerformanceReportService>.Instance);
+
+        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
+            service.GetAsync("30d", CancellationToken.None));
+        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
+            service.GetAsync(null, CancellationToken.None));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Source_timeout_returns_unavailable_report()
+    {
+        using var cache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions());
+        var service = new PerformanceReportService(
+            new HttpClient(new TimeoutHandler()),
+            cache,
+            new PerformanceReportingOptions
+            {
+                Enabled = true,
+                PrometheusBaseUrl = "https://prometheus.test/"
+            },
+            new ObservabilityOptions(),
+            NullLogger<PerformanceReportService>.Instance);
+
+        var report = await service.GetAsync("1h", CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.Equal("unavailable", report.Status);
+        Assert.Contains("暂时不可用", report.Detail);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PrometheusHandler : HttpMessageHandler
+    {
+        private int requestCount;
+        private int authenticatedCount;
+
+        public int RequestCount => requestCount;
+        public bool AllRequestsAuthenticated =>
+            authenticatedCount == requestCount;
+
+        protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(
+            HttpRequestMessage request,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            Interlocked.Increment(ref requestCount);
+            if (request.Headers.Authorization?.Scheme == "Bearer" &&
+                request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter == "read-only-token")
+            {
+                Interlocked.Increment(ref authenticatedCount);
+            }
+
+            var isRange = request.RequestUri!.AbsolutePath.EndsWith(
+                "/query_range",
+                StringComparison.Ordinal);
+            var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
+            var json = isRange
+                ? $$"""
+                    {
+                      "status": "success",
+                      "data": {
+                        "resultType": "matrix",
+                        "result": [{
+                          "metric": {},
+                          "values": [
+                            [{{now - 60}}, "2"],
+                            [{{now}}, "3"]
+                          ]
+                        }]
+                      }
+                    }
+                    """
+                : $$"""
+                    {
+                      "status": "success",
+                      "data": {
+                        "resultType": "vector",
+                        "result": [{
+                          "metric": {
+                            "http_route": "/api/timetables/classes/{classId}",
+                            "db_query_name": "Timetable.LoadScheduleEntries"
+                          },
+                          "value": [{{now}}, "5"]
+                        }]
+                      }
+                    }
+                    """;
+            return Task.FromResult(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK)
+            {
+                Content = new StringContent(
+                    json,
+                    Encoding.UTF8,
+                    "application/json")
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RejectingHandler : HttpMessageHandler
+    {
+        protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(
+            HttpRequestMessage request,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "未配置时不应访问外部数据源。");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class TimeoutHandler : HttpMessageHandler
+    {
+        protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(
+            HttpRequestMessage request,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            throw new TaskCanceledException("Prometheus query timed out.");
+    }
+}

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/SchedulePublishJobProcessorTests.cs

@@ -32,40 +32,41 @@ public sealed class SchedulePublishJobProcessorTests
         Assert.Equal(SchedulePlanStatus.Draft, result.PlanStatus);
         Assert.Null(result.ActiveAcademicTermId);
         Assert.Equal("检查未通过", result.CurrentStep);
-        Assert.Contains("尚未达到每周 2 个普通排课学时", result.ErrorMessage);
+        Assert.Contains("理论课应安排 32 学时，当前已安排 16 学时", result.ErrorMessage);
         Assert.Null(result.PublishedAt);
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public async Task Processor_excludes_practice_hours_for_existing_tasks()
+    public async Task Processor_requires_experiment_hours_in_regular_schedule()
     {
         var result = await RunPublishAsync(
             weeklyHours: 2,
             scheduledHours: 1,
-            practiceHours: 16);
+            practiceHours: 16,
+            experimentScheduledHours: 1);
 
         Assert.Equal(SchedulePublishJobStatus.Succeeded, result.JobStatus);
         Assert.Equal(SchedulePlanStatus.Published, result.PlanStatus);
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public async Task Processor_rejects_practice_hours_already_added_to_draft()
+    public async Task Processor_rejects_missing_experiment_hours()
     {
         var result = await RunPublishAsync(
             weeklyHours: 2,
-            scheduledHours: 2,
+            scheduledHours: 1,
             practiceHours: 16);
 
         Assert.Equal(SchedulePublishJobStatus.Failed, result.JobStatus);
         Assert.Equal(SchedulePlanStatus.Draft, result.PlanStatus);
-        Assert.Contains("普通课表应为 1 学时", result.ErrorMessage);
-        Assert.Contains("删除已包含的实践学时", result.ErrorMessage);
+        Assert.Contains("实验课应安排 16 学时，当前已安排 0 学时", result.ErrorMessage);
     }
 
     private static async Task<PublishResult> RunPublishAsync(
         int weeklyHours,
         int scheduledHours,
-        int practiceHours = 0)
+        int practiceHours = 0,
+        int experimentScheduledHours = 0)
     {
         var databasePath = Path.Combine(
             Path.GetTempPath(),
@@ -97,6 +98,21 @@ public sealed class SchedulePublishJobProcessorTests
                     EndDate = new DateOnly(2027, 1, 15)
                 };
                 var college = new College { Code = "PUB", Name = "发布测试学院" };
+                var campus = new Campus { Code = "PUB-CAMPUS", Name = "发布测试校区" };
+                var building = new Building
+                {
+                    Code = "PUB-BUILDING",
+                    Name = "实验楼",
+                    Campus = campus
+                };
+                var laboratory = new Classroom
+                {
+                    Code = "PUB-LAB",
+                    Name = "发布测试实验室",
+                    Building = building,
+                    Capacity = 80,
+                    RoomType = "实验室"
+                };
                 var course = new Course
                 {
                     Code = "PUB-01",
@@ -135,6 +151,21 @@ public sealed class SchedulePublishJobProcessorTests
                     EndWeek = 16,
                     WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All
                 });
+                if (experimentScheduledHours > 0)
+                {
+                    plan.Entries.Add(new ScheduleEntry
+                    {
+                        TeachingTask = task,
+                        Kind = ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment,
+                        Classroom = laboratory,
+                        DayOfWeek = 2,
+                        StartPeriod = 1,
+                        PeriodCount = experimentScheduledHours,
+                        StartWeek = 1,
+                        EndWeek = 16,
+                        WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All
+                    });
+                }
                 var job = new SchedulePublishJob
                 {
                     SchedulePlan = plan,
@@ -143,7 +174,16 @@ public sealed class SchedulePublishJobProcessorTests
                     CurrentStep = "等待后台检查"
                 };
                 jobId = job.Id;
-                db.AddRange(term, college, course, task, plan, job);
+                db.AddRange(
+                    term,
+                    college,
+                    campus,
+                    building,
+                    laboratory,
+                    course,
+                    task,
+                    plan,
+                    job);
                 db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(
                     new ScheduleTimeSlot
                     {

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ScheduleSettingsControllerTests.cs

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsControllerTests
             });
         Assert.Contains("测试教师", json);
         Assert.Contains(classroom.Id.ToString(), json);
-        Assert.Contains("\"WeeklyHours\":3", json);
+        Assert.Contains("\"WeeklyHours\":4", json);
         Assert.Contains("\"CoursePracticeHours\":16", json);
     }
 

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/SchedulesControllerTests.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
 public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
 {
     [Fact]
-    public async Task Manual_entry_rejects_hours_reserved_for_experiments()
+    public async Task Manual_entry_adds_experiment_hours_to_regular_schedule()
     {
         await using var connection = new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
         await connection.OpenAsync();
@@ -33,6 +33,21 @@ public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
             EndDate = new DateOnly(2027, 1, 17)
         };
         var college = new College { Code = "LAB", Name = "实验学院" };
+        var campus = new Campus { Code = "LAB-CAMPUS", Name = "实验校区" };
+        var building = new Building
+        {
+            Code = "LAB-BUILDING",
+            Name = "实验楼",
+            Campus = campus
+        };
+        var laboratory = new Classroom
+        {
+            Code = "LAB-201",
+            Name = "实验室 201",
+            Building = building,
+            Capacity = 40,
+            RoomType = "实验室"
+        };
         var course = new Course
         {
             Code = "LAB-01",
@@ -71,7 +86,7 @@ public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
             EndWeek = 16,
             WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All
         });
-        db.AddRange(term, college, course, task, plan);
+        db.AddRange(term, college, campus, building, laboratory, course, task, plan);
         db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(
             new ScheduleTimeSlot
             {
@@ -102,22 +117,22 @@ public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
             plan.Id,
             new ScheduleEntryRequest(
                 task.Id,
-                null,
-                2,
+                laboratory.Id,
                 2,
                 1,
                 1,
+                1,
                 16,
                 WeekPattern.All,
-                null),
+                null,
+                ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment),
             CancellationToken.None);
 
-        var problem = Assert.IsType<ObjectResult>(result);
-        var details = Assert.IsType<ValidationProblemDetails>(problem.Value);
-        Assert.Contains(
-            "实践学时请在实验管理中安排",
-            details.Detail);
-        Assert.Single(await db.ScheduleEntries.ToListAsync());
+        Assert.IsType<CreatedResult>(result);
+        var entries = await db.ScheduleEntries.OrderBy(x => x.Kind).ToListAsync();
+        Assert.Equal(2, entries.Count);
+        Assert.Equal(ScheduleEntryKind.Experiment, entries[1].Kind);
+        Assert.Equal(laboratory.Id, entries[1].ClassroomId);
     }
 
     [Fact]

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/TeachingTaskHoursTests.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public sealed class TeachingTaskHoursTests
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public void Standard_schedule_excludes_practice_hours()
+    public void Standard_schedule_includes_theory_and_experiment_hours()
     {
         var course = new Course
         {
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ public sealed class TeachingTaskHoursTests
             16,
             out var weeklyHours));
         Assert.Equal(3, weeklyHours);
-        Assert.Null(TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 3));
+        Assert.Null(TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 4));
 
-        var result = TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 4);
+        var result = TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 3);
         Assert.NotNull(result);
-        Assert.Contains("普通课表应安排 48 学时", result);
-        Assert.Contains("实践学时 16", result);
+        Assert.Contains("理论课和实验课均应进入课表", result);
+        Assert.Contains("共 48 学时", result);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ public sealed class TeachingTaskHoursTests
             16,
             1,
             TeachingTaskSchedulingMode.Flexible));
-        Assert.Contains(
-            "无需进入普通课表",
-            TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 1)!);
+        Assert.Null(TeachingTaskHours.Validate(course, 1, 16, 1));
     }
 }

web/src/components.d.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ declare module 'vue' {
     ElResult: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElResult']
     ElSegmented: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSegmented']
     ElSelect: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSelect']
+    ElSkeleton: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSkeleton']
     ElSlider: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSlider']
     ElSubMenu: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSubMenu']
     ElSwitch: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSwitch']
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ declare module 'vue' {
     ElTag: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTag']
     ElTimeSelect: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTimeSelect']
     ElUpload: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElUpload']
+    PerformanceReportPanel: typeof import('./components/PerformanceReportPanel.vue')['default']
     RichMessageContent: typeof import('./components/RichMessageContent.vue')['default']
     RouterLink: typeof import('vue-router')['RouterLink']
     RouterView: typeof import('vue-router')['RouterView']

web/src/components/PerformanceReportPanel.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, nextTick, onMounted, onUnmounted, ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { Connection, RefreshRight, TopRight } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
+import * as echarts from 'echarts/core'
+import { LineChart } from 'echarts/charts'
+import {
+  GridComponent,
+  LegendComponent,
+  TooltipComponent,
+} from 'echarts/components'
+import { CanvasRenderer } from 'echarts/renderers'
+import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
+
+echarts.use([
+  LineChart,
+  GridComponent,
+  LegendComponent,
+  TooltipComponent,
+  CanvasRenderer,
+])
+
+type ReportStatus = 'ready' | 'not_configured' | 'unavailable'
+type ReportRange = '15m' | '1h' | '24h' | '7d'
+
+interface PerformanceHeadline {
+  requestCount?: number
+  requestP95Milliseconds?: number
+  serverErrorRatePercent?: number
+  databaseP95Milliseconds?: number
+  slowDatabaseCommandCount?: number
+  failedDatabaseCommandCount?: number
+}
+
+interface TimelinePoint {
+  timestamp: string
+  requestsPerSecond?: number
+  requestP95Milliseconds?: number
+}
+
+interface RankingItem {
+  name: string
+  p95Milliseconds?: number
+  requestCount?: number
+  exceptionalCount?: number
+}
+
+interface PerformanceReport {
+  status: ReportStatus
+  range: ReportRange
+  from?: string
+  to?: string
+  generatedAt: string
+  dataSource: string
+  dashboardUrl?: string
+  detail?: string
+  headline?: PerformanceHeadline
+  timeline: TimelinePoint[]
+  endpoints: RankingItem[]
+  databaseQueries: RankingItem[]
+}
+
+const rangeOptions: { value: ReportRange; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: '15m', label: '15 分钟' },
+  { value: '1h', label: '1 小时' },
+  { value: '24h', label: '24 小时' },
+  { value: '7d', label: '7 天' },
+]
+
+const range = ref<ReportRange>('1h')
+const loading = ref(true)
+const report = ref<PerformanceReport>()
+const chartElement = ref<HTMLElement>()
+let chart: echarts.ECharts | undefined
+let resizeObserver: ResizeObserver | undefined
+
+const hasSamples = computed(() =>
+  Boolean(report.value?.headline) &&
+  (report.value?.timeline.length ?? 0) > 0,
+)
+
+const operatingNote = computed(() => {
+  const headline = report.value?.headline
+  if (!headline) return '等待指标样本'
+  if ((headline.failedDatabaseCommandCount ?? 0) > 0)
+    return '存在失败的数据库命令'
+  if ((headline.serverErrorRatePercent ?? 0) >= 1)
+    return '服务端错误率需要关注'
+  if ((headline.slowDatabaseCommandCount ?? 0) > 0)
+    return '存在超过阈值的慢查询'
+  return '当前采样窗口内未见明显异常'
+})
+
+function formatNumber(value?: number, digits = 0) {
+  if (value == null || !Number.isFinite(value)) return '—'
+  return value.toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+    maximumFractionDigits: digits,
+    minimumFractionDigits: digits,
+  })
+}
+
+function formatTime(value?: string) {
+  if (!value) return '—'
+  return new Date(value).toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+    hour12: false,
+    month: '2-digit',
+    day: '2-digit',
+    hour: '2-digit',
+    minute: '2-digit',
+  })
+}
+
+function formatAxisTime(value: string) {
+  return new Date(value).toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+    hour12: false,
+    month: range.value === '7d' ? '2-digit' : undefined,
+    day: range.value === '7d' ? '2-digit' : undefined,
+    hour: '2-digit',
+    minute: '2-digit',
+  })
+}
+
+function metricWidth(value?: number, rows: RankingItem[] = []) {
+  if (value == null || value <= 0) return '0%'
+  const maximum = Math.max(
+    ...rows.map((row) => row.p95Milliseconds ?? 0),
+    value,
+  )
+  return `${Math.max(4, value / maximum * 100)}%`
+}
+
+async function loadReport() {
+  loading.value = true
+  try {
+    const { data } = await http.get<PerformanceReport>(
+      '/operations/performance',
+      { params: { range: range.value } },
+    )
+    report.value = data
+    await nextTick()
+    renderChart()
+  } catch (error) {
+    report.value = {
+      status: 'unavailable',
+      range: range.value,
+      generatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      dataSource: 'prometheus',
+      detail: apiErrorMessage(error),
+      timeline: [],
+      endpoints: [],
+      databaseQueries: [],
+    }
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+    disposeChart()
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+function renderChart() {
+  disposeChart()
+  if (!chartElement.value || !report.value?.timeline.length) return
+  chart = echarts.init(chartElement.value)
+  const times = report.value.timeline.map((point) =>
+    formatAxisTime(point.timestamp),
+  )
+  chart.setOption({
+    animationDuration: 420,
+    color: ['#1f7468', '#b47722'],
+    grid: { left: 50, right: 54, top: 54, bottom: 38 },
+    legend: {
+      top: 4,
+      left: 0,
+      itemWidth: 18,
+      itemHeight: 3,
+      textStyle: {
+        color: '#53636d',
+        fontFamily: '"Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace',
+        fontSize: 10,
+      },
+    },
+    tooltip: {
+      trigger: 'axis',
+      backgroundColor: 'rgba(30, 41, 50, 0.94)',
+      borderWidth: 0,
+      textStyle: { color: '#fff', fontSize: 12 },
+      valueFormatter: (value: unknown) =>
+        typeof value === 'number' ? value.toFixed(2) : '—',
+    },
+    xAxis: {
+      type: 'category',
+      boundaryGap: false,
+      data: times,
+      axisLine: { lineStyle: { color: '#cbd4d7' } },
+      axisTick: { show: false },
+      axisLabel: { color: '#79878f', fontSize: 10, hideOverlap: true },
+    },
+    yAxis: [
+      {
+        type: 'value',
+        name: '请求 / 秒',
+        nameTextStyle: { color: '#63727b', fontSize: 10 },
+        splitLine: { lineStyle: { color: '#e8edef', type: 'dashed' } },
+        axisLabel: { color: '#79878f', fontSize: 10 },
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'value',
+        name: 'P95 / ms',
+        nameTextStyle: { color: '#8b6b36', fontSize: 10 },
+        splitLine: { show: false },
+        axisLabel: { color: '#8b6b36', fontSize: 10 },
+      },
+    ],
+    series: [
+      {
+        name: '请求速率',
+        type: 'line',
+        smooth: 0.22,
+        symbol: 'none',
+        lineStyle: { width: 2 },
+        areaStyle: { color: 'rgba(31, 116, 104, 0.10)' },
+        data: report.value.timeline.map(
+          (point) => point.requestsPerSecond ?? null,
+        ),
+      },
+      {
+        name: '接口 P95',
+        type: 'line',
+        yAxisIndex: 1,
+        smooth: 0.22,
+        symbol: 'none',
+        lineStyle: { width: 1.5 },
+        data: report.value.timeline.map(
+          (point) => point.requestP95Milliseconds ?? null,
+        ),
+      },
+    ],
+  })
+  resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(() => chart?.resize())
+  resizeObserver.observe(chartElement.value)
+}
+
+function disposeChart() {
+  resizeObserver?.disconnect()
+  resizeObserver = undefined
+  chart?.dispose()
+  chart = undefined
+}
+
+watch(range, loadReport)
+onMounted(loadReport)
+onUnmounted(disposeChart)
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section class="performance-panel" aria-labelledby="performance-title">
+    <header class="performance-heading">
+      <div>
+        <span>PERFORMANCE RAIL / {{ report?.dataSource?.toUpperCase() || 'PROMETHEUS' }}</span>
+        <h3 id="performance-title">系统性能</h3>
+        <p>从接口进入数据库，定位响应时间消耗在哪里。</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="performance-actions">
+        <div class="range-switch" aria-label="性能报表时间范围">
+          <button
+            v-for="item in rangeOptions"
+            :key="item.value"
+            type="button"
+            :class="{ active: range === item.value }"
+            :aria-pressed="range === item.value"
+            @click="range = item.value"
+          >
+            {{ item.label }}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        <el-button
+          circle
+          :icon="RefreshRight"
+          :loading="loading"
+          aria-label="刷新性能报表"
+          @click="loadReport"
+        />
+      </div>
+    </header>
+
+    <div v-if="loading && !report" class="performance-loading">
+      <el-skeleton :rows="5" animated />
+    </div>
+
+    <div
+      v-else-if="report?.status !== 'ready'"
+      :class="`is-${report?.status || 'unavailable'}`"
+      class="source-state"
+    >
+      <el-icon><Connection /></el-icon>
+      <div>
+        <strong>
+          {{ report?.status === 'not_configured' ? '等待连接性能数据源' : '性能数据暂不可用' }}
+        </strong>
+        <p>{{ report?.detail }}</p>
+        <small>
+          业务接口继续正常运行；报表不会回退读取教务业务数据库。
+        </small>
+      </div>
+      <a
+        v-if="report?.dashboardUrl"
+        :href="report.dashboardUrl"
+        target="_blank"
+        rel="noreferrer"
+      >
+        打开监控平台
+        <el-icon><TopRight /></el-icon>
+      </a>
+    </div>
+
+    <template v-else>
+      <div class="performance-strip">
+        <div class="strip-lead">
+          <span>采样结论</span>
+          <strong>{{ operatingNote }}</strong>
+          <small>
+            {{ formatTime(report.from) }} — {{ formatTime(report.to) }}
+          </small>
+        </div>
+        <dl>
+          <div>
+            <dt>请求总量</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.requestCount) }}</dd>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <dt>接口 P95</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.requestP95Milliseconds, 1) }}<small>ms</small></dd>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <dt>5xx 比例</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.serverErrorRatePercent, 2) }}<small>%</small></dd>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <dt>数据库 P95</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.databaseP95Milliseconds, 1) }}<small>ms</small></dd>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <dt>慢查询</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.slowDatabaseCommandCount) }}</dd>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <dt>查询失败</dt>
+            <dd>{{ formatNumber(report.headline?.failedDatabaseCommandCount) }}</dd>
+          </div>
+        </dl>
+      </div>
+
+      <div v-if="hasSamples" class="performance-rail">
+        <div ref="chartElement" class="rail-chart" aria-label="请求速率与接口 P95 趋势图" />
+      </div>
+      <div v-else class="samples-empty">
+        数据源已连接，但该时间范围内尚未收到请求指标。
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="rankings">
+        <article class="ranking-board">
+          <div class="ranking-heading">
+            <div>
+              <span>HTTP ROUTES</span>
+              <h4>接口耗时排行</h4>
+            </div>
+            <small>P95 / 请求量 / 5xx</small>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="report.endpoints.length" class="ranking-list">
+            <div
+              v-for="(item, index) in report.endpoints"
+              :key="item.name"
+              class="ranking-row"
+            >
+              <b>{{ String(index + 1).padStart(2, '0') }}</b>
+              <div>
+                <strong :title="item.name">{{ item.name }}</strong>
+                <span>
+                  <i
+                    :style="{ width: metricWidth(item.p95Milliseconds, report.endpoints) }"
+                  />
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <dl>
+                <dd>{{ formatNumber(item.p95Milliseconds, 1) }} ms</dd>
+                <dt>{{ formatNumber(item.requestCount) }} 次 · {{ formatNumber(item.exceptionalCount) }} 错误</dt>
+              </dl>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <p v-else class="ranking-empty">该范围内没有接口指标。</p>
+        </article>
+
+        <article class="ranking-board database-board">
+          <div class="ranking-heading">
+            <div>
+              <span>DATABASE QUERIES</span>
+              <h4>数据库查询排行</h4>
+            </div>
+            <small>P95 / 调用量 / 慢查询</small>
+          </div>
+          <div v-if="report.databaseQueries.length" class="ranking-list">
+            <div
+              v-for="(item, index) in report.databaseQueries"
+              :key="item.name"
+              class="ranking-row"
+            >
+              <b>{{ String(index + 1).padStart(2, '0') }}</b>
+              <div>
+                <strong :title="item.name">{{ item.name }}</strong>
+                <span>
+                  <i
+                    :style="{ width: metricWidth(item.p95Milliseconds, report.databaseQueries) }"
+                  />
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <dl>
+                <dd>{{ formatNumber(item.p95Milliseconds, 1) }} ms</dd>
+                <dt>{{ formatNumber(item.requestCount) }} 次 · {{ formatNumber(item.exceptionalCount) }} 慢</dt>
+              </dl>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <p v-else class="ranking-empty">该范围内没有数据库指标。</p>
+        </article>
+      </div>
+
+      <footer class="performance-foot">
+        <span>生成于 {{ formatTime(report.generatedAt) }} · 页面数据采用短时缓存</span>
+        <a
+          v-if="report.dashboardUrl"
+          :href="report.dashboardUrl"
+          target="_blank"
+          rel="noreferrer"
+        >
+          查看原始调用链
+          <el-icon><TopRight /></el-icon>
+        </a>
+      </footer>
+    </template>
+  </section>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.performance-panel {
+  --ink: #1e2932;
+  --muted: #66747e;
+  --line: #d8dee1;
+  --paper: #f6f8f8;
+  --panel: #fff;
+  --signal: #1f7468;
+  --warning: #b47722;
+  --danger: #b1463e;
+  background: var(--panel);
+  border: 1px solid var(--line);
+  color: var(--ink);
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.performance-heading {
+  align-items: flex-end;
+  background:
+    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(31, 116, 104, 0.06), transparent 38%),
+    var(--panel);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 20px 22px 18px;
+}
+
+.performance-heading span,
+.ranking-heading span,
+.strip-lead > span {
+  color: var(--signal);
+  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  letter-spacing: .12em;
+}
+
+.performance-heading h3 {
+  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Source Han Serif SC", serif;
+  font-size: 21px;
+  margin: 5px 0 3px;
+}
+
+.performance-heading p {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.performance-actions {
+  align-items: center;
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.range-switch {
+  background: #edf1f1;
+  display: flex;
+  padding: 3px;
+}
+
+.range-switch button {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 0;
+  color: #68767e;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  padding: 7px 11px;
+  transition: background .16s ease, color .16s ease;
+}
+
+.range-switch button.active {
+  background: var(--ink);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+.range-switch button:focus-visible {
+  outline: 2px solid var(--signal);
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+
+.performance-loading {
+  padding: 32px;
+}
+
+.source-state {
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  background: #f8faf9;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 16px;
+  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
+  margin: 22px;
+  padding: 24px;
+}
+
+.source-state > .el-icon {
+  background: #e7efed;
+  color: var(--signal);
+  font-size: 22px;
+  padding: 12px;
+}
+
+.source-state strong {
+  display: block;
+  font-size: 15px;
+  margin: 2px 0 6px;
+}
+
+.source-state p,
+.source-state small {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.source-state p { font-size: 12px; }
+.source-state small { font-size: 10px; }
+.source-state.is-unavailable > .el-icon { background: #f6e9e8; color: var(--danger); }
+
+.source-state a,
+.performance-foot a {
+  align-items: center;
+  color: var(--signal);
+  display: inline-flex;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  gap: 4px;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.performance-strip {
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr);
+}
+
+.strip-lead {
+  background: var(--ink);
+  color: #fff;
+  padding: 18px 20px;
+}
+
+.strip-lead > span { color: #84c7bc; }
+.strip-lead strong { display: block; font-size: 13px; margin: 9px 0 13px; }
+.strip-lead small { color: #aebbc2; font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace; font-size: 9px; }
+
+.performance-strip > dl {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.performance-strip dl > div {
+  border-right: 1px solid #e5eaec;
+  padding: 16px 14px;
+}
+
+.performance-strip dl > div:last-child { border-right: 0; }
+.performance-strip dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; }
+.performance-strip dd { font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace; font-size: 18px; margin: 0; }
+.performance-strip dd small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; margin-left: 3px; }
+
+.performance-rail {
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
+  padding: 16px 20px 8px;
+}
+
+.rail-chart { height: 260px; width: 100%; }
+
+.samples-empty,
+.ranking-empty {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 44px 22px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.samples-empty { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
+
+.rankings {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+}
+
+.ranking-board {
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
+  min-width: 0;
+  padding: 18px 20px 20px;
+}
+
+.ranking-board:last-child { border-right: 0; }
+
+.ranking-heading {
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  margin-bottom: 14px;
+}
+
+.ranking-heading h4 {
+  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Source Han Serif SC", serif;
+  font-size: 15px;
+  margin: 4px 0 0;
+}
+
+.ranking-heading > small {
+  color: #89959b;
+  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 9px;
+  margin-top: 5px;
+}
+
+.ranking-list { display: grid; gap: 1px; }
+
+.ranking-row {
+  align-items: center;
+  background: #f8fafa;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 11px;
+  grid-template-columns: 26px minmax(0, 1fr) 116px;
+  min-height: 50px;
+  padding: 7px 10px;
+}
+
+.ranking-row > b {
+  color: #9aa6ab;
+  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 10px;
+}
+
+.ranking-row > div { min-width: 0; }
+.ranking-row strong {
+  display: block;
+  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ranking-row > div > span {
+  background: #dfe7e7;
+  display: block;
+  height: 3px;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.ranking-row i {
+  background: var(--signal);
+  display: block;
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+.database-board .ranking-row i { background: var(--warning); }
+
+.ranking-row dl {
+  margin: 0;
+  text-align: right;
+}
+
+.ranking-row dd {
+  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  margin: 0 0 3px;
+}
+
+.ranking-row dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; }
+
+.performance-foot {
+  align-items: center;
+  background: var(--paper);
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
+  color: var(--muted);
+  display: flex;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 11px 20px;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  .range-switch button { transition: none; }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1120px) {
+  .performance-strip { grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); }
+  .performance-strip > dl { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
+  .performance-strip dl > div:nth-child(3) { border-right: 0; }
+  .performance-strip dl > div:nth-child(-n+3) { border-bottom: 1px solid #e5eaec; }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 820px) {
+  .performance-heading { align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px; }
+  .performance-actions { align-items: flex-end; flex-direction: column-reverse; }
+  .performance-strip { display: block; }
+  .rankings { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .ranking-board { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); border-right: 0; }
+  .ranking-board:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 560px) {
+  .performance-heading { display: block; padding: 17px 14px; }
+  .performance-actions { align-items: stretch; flex-direction: row; margin-top: 14px; }
+  .range-switch { flex: 1; overflow-x: auto; }
+  .range-switch button { flex: 1 0 auto; padding-inline: 9px; }
+  .source-state { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; margin: 12px; padding: 16px; }
+  .source-state a { grid-column: 2; }
+  .performance-strip > dl { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
+  .performance-strip dl > div,
+  .performance-strip dl > div:nth-child(3) { border-bottom: 1px solid #e5eaec; border-right: 1px solid #e5eaec; }
+  .performance-strip dl > div:nth-child(even) { border-right: 0; }
+  .performance-strip dl > div:nth-last-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: 0; }
+  .performance-rail { padding-inline: 8px; }
+  .rail-chart { height: 230px; }
+  .ranking-board { padding-inline: 12px; }
+  .ranking-heading > small { display: none; }
+  .ranking-row { grid-template-columns: 22px minmax(0, 1fr) 96px; padding-inline: 7px; }
+  .performance-foot { align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px; }
+}
+</style>

web/src/style.css

@@ -502,6 +502,8 @@ button { cursor: pointer; }
 .cell-add { margin: auto; color: transparent; font-size: 9px; }
 .timetable-cell.editable:hover .cell-add { color: #a0a8b4; }
 .schedule-card { min-width: 0; padding: 8px 9px; display: grid; gap: 4px; position: relative; border-left: 3px solid #45bcae; color: #eaf2ff; background: linear-gradient(130deg, #263f80, #1a2e64); box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(24,40,83,.12); cursor: pointer; }
+.schedule-card.experiment { border-left-color: #f2b84b; background: linear-gradient(130deg, #705022, #4d3518); }
+.schedule-card.experiment span { color: #ffd88a; }
 .schedule-card.readonly { cursor: default; }
 .schedule-card span { padding-right: 16px; color: #74d5c8; font: 700 8px/1.2 Consolas, monospace; letter-spacing: .04em; }
 .schedule-card b { overflow: hidden; font-size: 11px; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }

web/src/views/ExperimentsView.vue

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const statusFilter = ref('')
 const projectDialog = ref(false)
 const editingProjectId = ref('')
 const projectForm = reactive({
-  teachingTaskId: '',
+  teachingTaskIds: [] as string[],
   code: '',
   name: '',
   arrangementMode: 'Centralized',
@@ -47,13 +47,20 @@ const sessionForm = reactive({
   notes: '',
 })
 
+const batchSessionDialog = ref(false)
+const batchSessionProjectIds = ref<string[]>([])
+const batchSessionRows = ref<any[]>([])
+
 const participantsDialog = ref(false)
 const participantSession = ref<any>(null)
 const participants = ref<any[]>([])
 const participantsLoading = ref(false)
 
 const selectedTask = computed(() =>
-  options.tasks.find((task) => task.id === projectForm.teachingTaskId),
+  options.tasks.find((task) => task.id === projectForm.teachingTaskIds[0]),
+)
+const batchProjectOptions = computed(() =>
+  projects.value.filter((project) => project.status !== 'Closed'),
 )
 const activePeriods = computed(() =>
   options.periods.filter((period) =>
@@ -82,7 +89,7 @@ const statusLabels: Record<string, string> = {
 function resetProjectForm() {
   editingProjectId.value = ''
   Object.assign(projectForm, {
-    teachingTaskId: '',
+    teachingTaskIds: [],
     code: '',
     name: '',
     arrangementMode: 'Centralized',
@@ -106,7 +113,7 @@ function openCreateProject() {
 function openEditProject(project: any) {
   editingProjectId.value = project.id
   Object.assign(projectForm, {
-    teachingTaskId: project.teachingTaskId,
+    teachingTaskIds: [project.teachingTaskId],
     code: project.code,
     name: project.name,
     arrangementMode: project.arrangementMode,
@@ -118,13 +125,13 @@ function openEditProject(project: any) {
 }
 
 async function saveProject() {
-  if (!projectForm.teachingTaskId || !projectForm.code.trim()
+  if (!projectForm.teachingTaskIds.length || !projectForm.code.trim()
     || !projectForm.name.trim() || projectForm.dates.length !== 2) {
     ElMessage.warning('请填写教学任务、项目编码、名称和开放日期')
     return
   }
   const payload = {
-    teachingTaskId: projectForm.teachingTaskId,
+    teachingTaskId: projectForm.teachingTaskIds[0],
     code: projectForm.code,
     name: projectForm.name,
     arrangementMode: projectForm.arrangementMode,
@@ -138,8 +145,12 @@ async function saveProject() {
       await http.put(`/experiments/${editingProjectId.value}`, payload)
       ElMessage.success('实验项目已更新')
     } else {
-      await http.post('/experiments', payload)
-      ElMessage.success('实验项目已创建')
+      await http.post('/experiments/batch', {
+        ...payload,
+        teachingTaskId: undefined,
+        teachingTaskIds: projectForm.teachingTaskIds,
+      })
+      ElMessage.success(`已为 ${projectForm.teachingTaskIds.length} 个教学任务创建实验项目`)
     }
     projectDialog.value = false
     await load()
@@ -148,6 +159,78 @@ async function saveProject() {
   }
 }
 
+function openBatchSession() {
+  batchSessionProjectIds.value = []
+  batchSessionRows.value = []
+  batchSessionDialog.value = true
+}
+
+function syncBatchSessionRows() {
+  const existing = new Map(batchSessionRows.value.map((row) => [row.projectId, row]))
+  batchSessionRows.value = batchSessionProjectIds.value.map((projectId) => {
+    const current = existing.get(projectId)
+    if (current) return current
+    const project = projects.value.find((item) => item.id === projectId)
+    const firstPeriod = options.periods.find((item) =>
+      item.academicTermId === project?.academicTermId,
+    )
+    return {
+      projectId,
+      classroomId: '',
+      sessionDate: project?.startDate ?? '',
+      startPeriod: firstPeriod?.periodNumber,
+      periodCount: 2,
+      capacity: 30,
+      notes: '',
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+function applyFirstBatchTime() {
+  const first = batchSessionRows.value[0]
+  if (!first) return
+  batchSessionRows.value.slice(1).forEach((row) => {
+    row.sessionDate = first.sessionDate
+    row.startPeriod = first.startPeriod
+    row.periodCount = first.periodCount
+  })
+  ElMessage.success('已套用首行的日期和节次，请分别选择不冲突的实验室')
+}
+
+function batchProject(projectId: string) {
+  return projects.value.find((project) => project.id === projectId)
+}
+
+function periodsForProject(projectId: string) {
+  const project = batchProject(projectId)
+  return options.periods.filter((period) =>
+    period.academicTermId === project?.academicTermId,
+  )
+}
+
+async function saveBatchSessions() {
+  if (!batchSessionRows.value.length) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请至少选择一个实验项目')
+    return
+  }
+  if (batchSessionRows.value.some((row) =>
+    !row.classroomId || !row.sessionDate || !row.startPeriod || !row.periodCount,
+  )) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请完整填写每个项目的日期、节次、实验室和容量')
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    await http.post('/experiments/sessions/batch', {
+      items: batchSessionRows.value,
+    })
+    batchSessionDialog.value = false
+    ElMessage.success(`已批量安排 ${batchSessionRows.value.length} 个实验场次`)
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
 function openSession(project: any) {
   selectedProject.value = project
   const firstPeriod = options.periods.find((item) =>
@@ -382,8 +465,11 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         <p v-else>把实验项目分成两条运行轨道：集中排入固定课次，或开放场次供学生自主预约。</p>
       </div>
       <div class="intro-actions">
+        <el-button v-if="!isStudent" :icon="Calendar" @click="openBatchSession">
+          批量排课
+        </el-button>
         <el-button v-if="!isStudent" type="primary" :icon="Plus" @click="openCreateProject">
-          新建实验项目
+          批量设置实验任务
         </el-button>
         <el-button :icon="Refresh" @click="load">刷新</el-button>
       </div>
@@ -627,19 +713,22 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 
     <el-dialog
       v-model="projectDialog"
-      :title="editingProjectId ? '编辑实验项目' : '新建实验项目'"
+      :title="editingProjectId ? '编辑实验项目' : '批量设置实验任务'"
       width="720px"
       top="5vh"
     >
       <el-form label-position="top" class="experiment-form">
         <div class="form-section">
           <header><span>PROJECT</span><b>规定实验项目</b></header>
-          <el-form-item label="所属教学任务" required>
+          <el-form-item :label="editingProjectId ? '所属教学任务' : '适用教学任务（可多选）'" required>
             <el-select
-              v-model="projectForm.teachingTaskId"
+              v-model="projectForm.teachingTaskIds"
               filterable
+              multiple
+              collapse-tags
+              collapse-tags-tooltip
               :disabled="!!editingProjectId"
-              placeholder="选择已发布教学任务"
+              placeholder="选择同一学期、同一课程的已发布教学任务"
               @change="onTaskChange"
             >
               <el-option
@@ -647,8 +736,14 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                 :key="task.id"
                 :label="`${task.courseCode} · ${task.courseName} · ${task.taskNumber}`"
                 :value="task.id"
+                :disabled="!!selectedTask
+                  && (task.academicTermId !== selectedTask.academicTermId
+                    || task.courseId !== selectedTask.courseId)"
               />
             </el-select>
+            <small v-if="!editingProjectId" class="form-help">
+              已选 {{ projectForm.teachingTaskIds.length }} 个；实验编码、名称、内容和开放日期将一次应用到这些教学任务。
+            </small>
           </el-form-item>
           <div class="form-grid two">
             <el-form-item label="项目编码" required>
@@ -708,7 +803,13 @@ onMounted(async () => {
       </el-form>
       <template #footer>
         <el-button @click="projectDialog = false">取消</el-button>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="saveProject">保存项目</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="saveProject">
+          {{ editingProjectId
+            ? '保存项目'
+            : projectForm.teachingTaskIds.length
+              ? `创建 ${projectForm.teachingTaskIds.length} 个项目`
+              : '创建项目' }}
+        </el-button>
       </template>
     </el-dialog>
 
@@ -778,6 +879,86 @@ onMounted(async () => {
       </template>
     </el-dialog>
 
+    <el-dialog
+      v-model="batchSessionDialog"
+      title="批量安排实验场次"
+      width="min(1180px, 94vw)"
+      top="4vh"
+    >
+      <el-alert
+        title="一次提交整批排课；系统会逐条检查管理范围、开放日期、实验室、课表、教师和班级冲突，任何一条失败都不会写入本批次。"
+        type="info"
+        :closable="false"
+        show-icon
+      />
+      <el-form label-position="top" class="batch-session-form">
+        <el-form-item label="选择实验项目" required>
+          <el-select
+            v-model="batchSessionProjectIds"
+            multiple
+            filterable
+            collapse-tags
+            collapse-tags-tooltip
+            placeholder="选择需要一起排课的实验项目"
+            @change="syncBatchSessionRows"
+          >
+            <el-option
+              v-for="project in batchProjectOptions"
+              :key="project.id"
+              :label="`${project.courseCode} · ${project.name} · ${project.taskNumber}`"
+              :value="project.id"
+            />
+          </el-select>
+        </el-form-item>
+        <div v-if="batchSessionRows.length" class="batch-session-tools">
+          <span>共 {{ batchSessionRows.length }} 条排课</span>
+          <el-button size="small" @click="applyFirstBatchTime">套用首行日期与节次</el-button>
+        </div>
+        <div class="batch-session-table">
+          <article v-for="(row, index) in batchSessionRows" :key="row.projectId" class="batch-session-row">
+            <div class="batch-project-cell">
+              <span>{{ index + 1 }}</span>
+              <div>
+                <b>{{ batchProject(row.projectId)?.name }}</b>
+                <small>{{ batchProject(row.projectId)?.taskNumber }} · {{ batchProject(row.projectId)?.classNames.join('、') || '选课学生' }}</small>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <el-date-picker
+              v-model="row.sessionDate"
+              type="date"
+              value-format="YYYY-MM-DD"
+              placeholder="实验日期"
+            />
+            <el-select v-model="row.startPeriod" placeholder="起始节次">
+              <el-option
+                v-for="period in periodsForProject(row.projectId)"
+                :key="period.periodNumber"
+                :label="period.name"
+                :value="period.periodNumber"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+            <el-input-number v-model="row.periodCount" :min="1" :max="12" controls-position="right" />
+            <el-select v-model="row.classroomId" filterable placeholder="实验室">
+              <el-option
+                v-for="room in options.classrooms"
+                :key="room.id"
+                :label="`${room.campusName} · ${room.buildingName} ${room.name} · ${room.capacity} 人`"
+                :value="room.id"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+            <el-input-number v-model="row.capacity" :min="1" :max="10000" controls-position="right" />
+          </article>
+        </div>
+        <el-empty v-if="!batchSessionRows.length" :image-size="60" description="选择实验项目后，在同一张表中完成排课" />
+      </el-form>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="batchSessionDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" :disabled="!batchSessionRows.length" @click="saveBatchSessions">
+          提交整批排课
+        </el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
+
     <el-dialog
       v-model="participantsDialog"
       :title="`${participantSession?.project?.arrangementMode === 'Centralized' ? '应到名单' : '预约名单'} · ${participantSession ? formatSessionTime(participantSession) : ''}`"
@@ -912,6 +1093,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 .student-booking-summary span { display: grid; gap: 2px; color: #365f5b; font-size: 12px; }
 .student-booking-summary b { font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; }
 .experiment-form { display: grid; gap: 13px; }
+.form-help { display: block; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5; }
 .form-section { padding: 14px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fbfcfd; }
 .form-section > header { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 9px; margin-bottom: 13px; }
 .form-section > header span { color: var(--lab-teal); font: 700 10px/1 Consolas, monospace; letter-spacing: .08em; }
@@ -920,6 +1102,25 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 .mode-choice :deep(.el-radio-button__inner) { display: grid; gap: 5px; width: 100%; padding: 13px; }
 .mode-choice b { font-size: 13px; }
 .mode-choice small { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 400; }
+.batch-session-form { display: grid; gap: 12px; margin-top: 16px; }
+.batch-session-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
+.batch-session-table { display: grid; gap: 8px; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 4px; }
+.batch-session-row {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 1.4fr) 150px 120px 110px minmax(230px, 1.3fr) 110px;
+  gap: 8px;
+  align-items: center;
+  min-width: 1000px;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border: 1px solid #dce5e9;
+  background: #f9fbfc;
+}
+.batch-project-cell { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; min-width: 0; }
+.batch-project-cell > span { display: grid; width: 25px; height: 25px; place-items: center; border-radius: 50%; background: #e5f0f5; color: var(--lab-blue); font: 700 11px/1 Consolas, monospace; }
+.batch-project-cell > div { display: grid; gap: 3px; min-width: 0; }
+.batch-project-cell b, .batch-project-cell small { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
+.batch-project-cell b { color: var(--lab-ink); font-size: 12px; }
+.batch-project-cell small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; }
 @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
   .session-ticket { transition: none; }
 }
@@ -936,5 +1137,6 @@ onMounted(async () => {
   .ticket-action { grid-column: 1 / -1; justify-content: flex-start; padding: 0 10px 10px; }
   .project-actions, .student-booking-summary { padding-inline: 14px; }
   .mode-choice { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .intro-actions { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; }
 }
 </style>

web/src/views/OperationsConsoleView.vue

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
 import AppUpdateManagementPanel from '../components/AppUpdateManagementPanel.vue'
+import PerformanceReportPanel from '../components/PerformanceReportPanel.vue'
 
 type HealthStatus = 'healthy' | 'warning' | 'unhealthy'
 
@@ -406,6 +407,8 @@ onMounted(refreshAll)
       </div>
     </section>
 
+    <PerformanceReportPanel />
+
     <section class="console-split">
       <article class="alerts-panel">
         <div class="panel-heading">

web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue

@@ -125,6 +125,19 @@ const publishStatusText = computed(() => {
 const selectedTaskConstraint = computed(() =>
   constraints.value.find((item) => item.id === entryForm.teachingTaskId),
 )
+const isExperimentRoom = (room: any) =>
+  ['实验', '实训', '机房', '语音'].some((keyword) => room.roomType?.includes(keyword))
+const entryClassrooms = computed(() =>
+  classrooms.value.filter((room) =>
+    (!selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiredCampusId
+      || room.campusId === selectedTaskConstraint.value.requiredCampusId) &&
+    (!selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiredBuildingId
+      || room.buildingId === selectedTaskConstraint.value.requiredBuildingId) &&
+    (!selectedTaskConstraint.value?.allowedClassroomIds?.length
+      || selectedTaskConstraint.value.allowedClassroomIds.includes(room.id)) &&
+    (entryForm.kind !== 'Experiment' || isExperimentRoom(room)),
+  ),
+)
 const entryWeekdays = computed(() => {
   const allowedDays = selectedTaskConstraint.value?.allowedDayOfWeeks ?? []
   return allowedDays.length
@@ -416,7 +429,7 @@ function openManualHandling() {
 async function autoSchedule() {
   try {
     await ElMessageBox.confirm(
-      '系统会保留当前手工安排，并为尚未排满的教学任务分配教师可用时间和符合约束的教室。生成后仍可手工调整。',
+      '系统会保留当前手工安排，同时补齐理论课和实验课。实验课仅使用实验室、实训室、机房等场地；生成后仍可手工调整。',
       '开始自动排课',
       { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: '生成排课', cancelButtonText: '取消' },
     )
@@ -657,6 +670,7 @@ function openEntry(entry?: any, day?: number, period?: number) {
   editingEntryId.value = entry?.id ?? ''
   Object.assign(entryForm, {
     teachingTaskId: entry?.teachingTaskId,
+    kind: entry?.kind ?? 'Lecture',
     classroomId: entry?.classroomId,
     dayOfWeek: entry?.dayOfWeek ?? day ?? 1,
     startPeriod: entry?.startPeriod ?? period ?? 1,
@@ -679,7 +693,7 @@ function changeEntryTask() {
       !task.allowedDayOfWeeks.includes(entryForm.dayOfWeek)) {
     entryForm.dayOfWeek = task.allowedDayOfWeeks[0]
   }
-  if (task.requiresClassroom === false) {
+  if (task.requiresClassroom === false && entryForm.kind !== 'Experiment') {
     entryForm.classroomId = null
     return
   }
@@ -687,15 +701,25 @@ function changeEntryTask() {
   if (room && (
     (task.requiredCampusId && room.campusId !== task.requiredCampusId) ||
     (task.requiredBuildingId && room.buildingId !== task.requiredBuildingId) ||
-    (task.allowedClassroomIds?.length && !task.allowedClassroomIds.includes(room.id))
+    (task.allowedClassroomIds?.length && !task.allowedClassroomIds.includes(room.id)) ||
+    (entryForm.kind === 'Experiment' && !isExperimentRoom(room))
   )) {
     entryForm.classroomId = null
   }
 }
 
+function changeEntryKind() {
+  const room = classrooms.value.find((item) => item.id === entryForm.classroomId)
+  if (entryForm.kind === 'Experiment' && room && !isExperimentRoom(room)) {
+    entryForm.classroomId = null
+  }
+}
+
 async function saveEntry() {
   if (!entryForm.teachingTaskId ||
-      (selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom !== false && !entryForm.classroomId)) {
+      ((entryForm.kind === 'Experiment' ||
+        selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom !== false) &&
+        !entryForm.classroomId)) {
     ElMessage.warning('请选择教学任务，并按课程要求选择教室。')
     return
   }
@@ -714,7 +738,8 @@ async function saveEntry() {
     ElMessage.warning('所选星期不在该教学任务允许的上课日内。')
     return
   }
-  if (selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom === false) entryForm.classroomId = null
+  if (entryForm.kind !== 'Experiment' &&
+      selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom === false) entryForm.classroomId = null
   try {
     const base = `/schedules/plans/${selected.value.id}/entries`
     if (editingEntryId.value) await http.put(`${base}/${editingEntryId.value}`, entryForm)
@@ -928,10 +953,13 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
                 v-for="entry in entriesAt(day.value, period)"
                 :key="entry.id"
                 class="schedule-card"
-                :class="{ readonly: !isDraft }"
+                :class="{ readonly: !isDraft, experiment: entry.kind === 'Experiment' }"
                 @click="isDraft && openEntry(entry)"
               >
-                <span>{{ entry.courseCode }} · {{ patternLabels[entry.weekPattern] }}</span>
+                <span>
+                  {{ entry.kind === 'Experiment' ? '实验课' : '理论课' }} ·
+                  {{ entry.courseCode }} · {{ patternLabels[entry.weekPattern] }}
+                </span>
                 <b>{{ entry.courseName }}</b>
                 <small>{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') }} · {{ entry.classroomName || '不占用教室' }}</small>
                 <i>{{ entry.startWeek }}—{{ entry.endWeek }} 周 / 连上 {{ entry.periodCount }} 节</i>
@@ -986,15 +1014,23 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
             <el-option v-for="item in tasks" :key="item.id" :label="`${item.taskNumber} · ${item.name}`" :value="item.id" />
           </el-select>
         </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="课次类型" required>
+          <el-radio-group v-model="entryForm.kind" @change="changeEntryKind">
+            <el-radio-button value="Lecture">理论课</el-radio-button>
+            <el-radio-button value="Experiment" :disabled="!selectedTaskConstraint?.coursePracticeHours">
+              实验课
+            </el-radio-button>
+          </el-radio-group>
+        </el-form-item>
         <el-alert
           v-if="selectedTaskConstraint"
-          :title="`普通课表每周 ${selectedTaskConstraint.weeklyHours} 学时（实践 ${selectedTaskConstraint.coursePracticeHours} 学时另由实验管理安排）；可排第 ${selectedTaskConstraint.startWeek}—${selectedTaskConstraint.endWeek} 周；允许上课日：${entryWeekdays.map((day) => day.label).join('、')}`"
+          :title="`课程共 ${selectedTaskConstraint.courseTotalHours} 学时：理论 ${selectedTaskConstraint.courseTotalHours - selectedTaskConstraint.coursePracticeHours} 学时、实验 ${selectedTaskConstraint.coursePracticeHours} 学时，均须在本课表排足；可排第 ${selectedTaskConstraint.startWeek}—${selectedTaskConstraint.endWeek} 周；允许上课日：${entryWeekdays.map((day) => day.label).join('、')}`"
           type="info"
           :closable="false"
           show-icon
         />
         <el-alert
-          v-if="selectedTaskConstraint?.requiresClassroom === false"
+          v-if="selectedTaskConstraint?.requiresClassroom === false && entryForm.kind !== 'Experiment'"
           title="该课程不占用教室，仍会校验教师和行政班时间冲突。"
           type="info"
           :closable="false"
@@ -1002,19 +1038,15 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
         />
         <el-form-item
           v-else
-          label="教室"
+          :label="entryForm.kind === 'Experiment' ? '实验室 / 实训室 / 机房' : '教室'"
           required
           :hint="selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredBuildingId ? '仅显示约束范围内教室' : ''"
         >
           <el-select v-model="entryForm.classroomId" filterable>
             <el-option
-              v-for="item in classrooms.filter((room) =>
-                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredCampusId || room.campusId === selectedTaskConstraint.requiredCampusId) &&
-                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredBuildingId || room.buildingId === selectedTaskConstraint.requiredBuildingId) &&
-                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.allowedClassroomIds?.length || selectedTaskConstraint.allowedClassroomIds.includes(room.id))
-              )"
+              v-for="item in entryClassrooms"
               :key="item.id"
-              :label="`${item.campusName} / ${item.buildingName} / ${item.name}（${item.capacity}人）`"
+              :label="`${item.campusName} / ${item.buildingName} / ${item.name}（${item.roomType}，${item.capacity}人）`"
               :value="item.id"
             />
           </el-select>

web/src/views/TeachingTasksView.vue

@@ -79,12 +79,10 @@ const selectedCourse = computed(() =>
 )
 const regularScheduleHours = (course: any) =>
   Math.max(0, Number(course?.totalHours ?? 0) - Number(course?.practiceHours ?? 0))
-const targetCourseHours = (course: any, schedulingMode: string) =>
-  schedulingMode === 'Flexible'
-    ? Number(course?.totalHours ?? 0)
-    : regularScheduleHours(course)
+const targetCourseHours = (course: any) =>
+  Number(course?.totalHours ?? 0)
 const selectedCourseTargetHours = computed(() =>
-  targetCourseHours(selectedCourse.value, form.schedulingMode),
+  targetCourseHours(selectedCourse.value),
 )
 const plannedHours = computed(() =>
   form.startWeek && form.endWeek && form.weeklyHours && form.endWeek >= form.startWeek
@@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ const generationPlannedHours = computed(() =>
 )
 const generationHoursMatch = computed(() =>
   !selectedGenerationCourse.value ||
-  generationPlannedHours.value === regularScheduleHours(selectedGenerationCourse.value),
+  generationPlannedHours.value === Number(selectedGenerationCourse.value?.totalHours ?? 0),
 )
 const manageableCourses = computed(() => {
   if (isSuperAdmin.value) return courses.value
@@ -364,7 +362,7 @@ async function save() {
   }
   if (!hoursMatch.value) {
     ElMessage.warning(
-      `该课程普通课表应安排 ${selectedCourseTargetHours.value} 学时，当前安排合计 ${plannedHours.value} 学时；实践学时请在实验管理中安排。`,
+      `该课程理论课和实验课共应安排 ${selectedCourseTargetHours.value} 学时，当前安排合计 ${plannedHours.value} 学时。`,
     )
     return
   }
@@ -551,7 +549,7 @@ async function generatePublicTasks() {
   }
   if (!generationHoursMatch.value) {
     ElMessage.warning(
-      `该课程普通课表应安排 ${regularScheduleHours(selectedGenerationCourse.value)} 学时，当前安排合计 ${generationPlannedHours.value} 学时；实践学时不进入普通课表。`,
+      `该课程理论课和实验课共应安排 ${selectedGenerationCourse.value?.totalHours ?? 0} 学时，当前安排合计 ${generationPlannedHours.value} 学时。`,
     )
     return
   }
@@ -773,7 +771,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <el-radio-button value="Flexible">非排时课程</el-radio-button>
           </el-radio-group>
           <small class="field-hint">
-            正常排课只安排非实践学时；全部由实验模块安排的课程请选择“非排时课程”。
+            正常排课会同时安排理论课和实验课；只有无需固定星期、节次和场地的课程才选择“非排时课程”。
           </small>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="授课教师">

web/src/views/TimetableView.vue

@@ -1014,12 +1014,14 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             :class="{
               'exam-block': entry.isExam,
               'experiment-block': entry.isExperiment,
+              'scheduled-experiment-block': !entry.isExperiment && entry.kind === 'Experiment',
             }"
             :style="gridEntryStyle(entry)"
           >
             <strong>
               <span v-if="entry.isExam" class="entry-kind">考试</span>
               <span v-if="entry.isExperiment" class="entry-kind experiment-kind">实验</span>
+              <span v-if="!entry.isExperiment && entry.kind === 'Experiment'" class="entry-kind scheduled-experiment-kind">实验课</span>
               {{ entry.isExperiment ? entry.experimentProjectName : entry.courseName }}
             </strong>
             <span v-if="entry.isExam && entry.examPlanName">{{ entry.examPlanName }}</span>
@@ -1064,12 +1066,14 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             :class="{
               'exam-block': entry.isExam,
               'experiment-block': entry.isExperiment,
+              'scheduled-experiment-block': !entry.isExperiment && entry.kind === 'Experiment',
             }"
             :style="dayEntryStyle(entry)"
           >
             <strong>
               <span v-if="entry.isExam" class="entry-kind">考试</span>
               <span v-if="entry.isExperiment" class="entry-kind experiment-kind">实验</span>
+              <span v-if="!entry.isExperiment && entry.kind === 'Experiment'" class="entry-kind scheduled-experiment-kind">实验课</span>
               {{ entry.isExperiment ? entry.experimentProjectName : entry.courseName }}
             </strong>
             <span v-if="entry.isExam && entry.examPlanName">{{ entry.examPlanName }}</span>
@@ -1113,7 +1117,11 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                 第 {{ entry.startWeek }} 周 ·
                 第 {{ entry.startPeriod }}—{{ entry.startPeriod + entry.periodCount - 1 }} 节
               </small>
-              <small>{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') || '监考教师待定' }}</small>
+              <small v-if="entry.examRoomCount > 1">
+                任课教师：{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') || '待定' }} ·
+                学生登录后可查看本人考场及监考教师
+              </small>
+              <small v-else>{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') || '监考教师待定' }}</small>
             </div>
           </article>
         </div>
@@ -1329,6 +1337,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 .course-block.experiment-block small, .day-course-block.experiment-block small { color: #527a74; }
 .entry-kind { display: inline-block; margin-right: 5px; padding: 1px 5px; border-radius: 2px; background: #b65b32; color: #fff; font-size: 10px !important; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: 1px; }
 .entry-kind.experiment-kind { background: #168276; }
+.course-block.scheduled-experiment-block, .day-course-block.scheduled-experiment-block { border-left-color: #b77819; background: #fff6df; color: #73521f; }
+.course-block.scheduled-experiment-block strong, .day-course-block.scheduled-experiment-block strong { color: #66430e; }
+.entry-kind.scheduled-experiment-kind { background: #b77819; }
 .exam-overview { margin-top: 20px; border: 1px solid #e2d6cf; background: #fffaf7; }
 .exam-overview > header { padding: 14px 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaded7; background: #fff5ef; }
 .exam-overview > header > div { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; }