班级查询按“考试场次”合并，显示为“分散至 N 个考场”，不再生成大量重复卡片。[后端实现 (line 416)](E:/jiaowu/src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableDataService.cs:416)

学生登录后只显示本人座位对应的考场，同时修复混排考场可能带出其他课程的问题。[筛选逻辑 (line 561)](E:/jiaowu/src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Timetables/TimetableDataService.cs:561)
多考场卡片提示学生登录查看本人考场及监考教师。[前端展示 (line 1122)](E:/jiaowu/web/src/views/TimetableView.vue:1122)
教室课表、监考教师课表仍按具体考场显示，不受合并影响。
已增加班级合并和学生精准考场回归测试。[测试 (line 183)](E:/jiaowu/tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ExamArrangementServiceTests.cs:183)

.env.example

@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ Cache__AnalyticsExpirationMinutes=3
 Cache__AnalyticsLocalExpirationSeconds=30
 Cache__MaximumPayloadKilobytes=2048
 
+# OpenTelemetry 默认收集 HTTP、运行时和数据库指标；配置 OTLP 地址后才会外发。
+Observability__Enabled=true
+Observability__ServiceName=jiaowu-api
+Observability__SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds=500
+# 默认不记录完整 SQL，避免日志或追踪系统接触业务数据。
+Observability__IncludeSqlText=false
+Observability__MaximumSqlTextLength=2000
+# OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://otel-collector.example.edu.cn:4317
+# OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS=Authorization=Bearer%20REPLACE_WITH_TOKEN
+
+# 系统内“运维与审计 → 系统性能”从 Prometheus 只读查询汇总指标。
+PerformanceReporting__Enabled=false
+# PerformanceReporting__PrometheusBaseUrl=https://prometheus.example.edu.cn/
+# PerformanceReporting__BearerToken=REPLACE_WITH_READ_ONLY_TOKEN
+# PerformanceReporting__GrafanaBaseUrl=https://grafana.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__CacheSeconds=30
+PerformanceReporting__TimeoutSeconds=10
+
 # 运维控制台备份目录必须位于持久化、仅服务账号可写的位置。
 Operations__BackupDirectory=/var/lib/jiaowu/backups
 Operations__BackupWarningHours=24

README.md

@@ -322,6 +322,55 @@ Redis 只作为可丢弃的查询缓存。连接失败时应用回源数据库
 `allkeys-lfu` 淘汰策略，不启用持久化。`compose.app.example.yml` 不创建 Redis；
 如需连接外部 Redis，在 `.env` 中配置上述连接串即可。
 
+### OpenTelemetry 与慢查询定位
+
+应用已接入 OpenTelemetry 的 ASP.NET Core、HttpClient、.NET Runtime 指标，并通过
+`Jiaowu.Api.Database` ActivitySource 和 Meter 记录 EF Core 数据库命令。配置
+`OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT` 后才启动 OpenTelemetry SDK 并向 OTLP Collector 外发；
+未配置时不会创建无处消费的请求 Span，也不会尝试连接本地 Collector，结构化慢查询日志
+仍然有效。
+
+```text
+Observability__Enabled=true
+Observability__ServiceName=jiaowu-api
+Observability__SlowQueryThresholdMilliseconds=500
+OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://otel-collector.example.edu.cn:4317
+```
+
+数据库指标包括 `jiaowu.db.command.duration`、`jiaowu.db.command.slow` 和
+`jiaowu.db.command.failed`。为关键 EF 查询添加 `TagWith("模块.查询名")` 后，日志和
+追踪会直接显示该稳定名称；无标签查询只显示操作类型和 SQL 模板哈希。默认
+`Observability__IncludeSqlText=false`，不会把 SQL、参数值或连接串发送到日志和追踪
+系统。仅在受控诊断窗口内临时启用完整 SQL 模板，并限制 Collector 权限与保留时间。
+
+应用侧阈值用于关联接口、TraceId 和查询名称；生产 MySQL 还应由数据库管理员启用慢查询
+日志，并将 `long_query_time` 设为与应用阈值一致。先按查询哈希/标签汇总高频慢查询，再
+对脱敏后的 `SELECT` 在测试库或只读副本执行 `EXPLAIN ANALYZE`，根据实际扫描行数和循环
+次数决定是否补组合索引或改写投影。`EXPLAIN ANALYZE` 会真实执行语句，不能直接用于生产
+写操作。参考 [MySQL 慢查询日志](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/slow-query-log.html)
+和 [MySQL 8.4 EXPLAIN](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/explain.html)。
+
+OpenTelemetry Collector 将指标写入 Prometheus 后，超级管理员可直接在“组织与权限 →
+运维与审计 → 系统性能”查看请求量、5xx 比例、HTTP/数据库 P95、慢查询趋势，以及最慢
+接口和数据库查询排行。报表由 API 使用固定 PromQL 只读查询 Prometheus，浏览器不会
+接触 Prometheus 地址或令牌；结果默认缓存 30 秒。原始 Trace 和更长时间范围仍建议在
+Grafana 中下钻，配置其地址后页面会显示跳转入口。
+
+```text
+PerformanceReporting__Enabled=true
+PerformanceReporting__PrometheusBaseUrl=https://prometheus.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__BearerToken=REPLACE_WITH_READ_ONLY_TOKEN
+PerformanceReporting__GrafanaBaseUrl=https://grafana.example.edu.cn/
+PerformanceReporting__CacheSeconds=30
+PerformanceReporting__TimeoutSeconds=10
+```
+
+`PrometheusBaseUrl` 必须指向可访问 `/api/v1/query` 和 `/api/v1/query_range` 的
+Prometheus 兼容接口，令牌应仅具有查询权限。未启用、未配置或指标源暂时不可用时，页面
+会显示明确的空状态，不会改查业务数据库或拖慢正常请求。若 Collector/Prometheus 对
+指标名或 `service_name` 标签做了转换，可通过 `PerformanceReporting` 下对应的
+`*MetricName` 和 `ServiceNameLabel` 配置项适配，无需改前端。
+
 ### 后台任务与 RabbitMQ
 
 自动排课、课表发布和补考自动生成使用数据库 Outbox 保存任务消息。创建业务任务与
@@ -368,9 +417,10 @@ Outbox 租约恢复改为按维护周期执行，避免积压发布时每条消
 
 ### 运维与审计控制台
 
-超级管理员可从“组织与权限 → 运维与审计”查询写操作日志、三类失败后台任务、数据库、
-缓存与任务通道健康状态，并查看由 5xx、失败/重试任务、健康探针和备份时效汇总出的异常
-告警。查询接口和备份操作均在后端强制要求 `SuperAdmin`，不能只依赖前端菜单隐藏。
+超级管理员可从“组织与权限 → 运维与审计”查看系统性能，查询写操作日志、三类失败后台
+任务、数据库、缓存与任务通道健康状态，并查看由 5xx、失败/重试任务、健康探针和备份
+时效汇总出的异常告警。查询接口和备份操作均在后端强制要求 `SuperAdmin`，不能只依赖
+前端菜单隐藏。
 
 SQLite 开发环境直接使用在线备份 API。MySQL 环境需要在服务器安装 `mysqldump` 与
 `mysql`（容器镜像已包含对应的 `mariadb-dump` 与 `mariadb` 客户端），并配置独立的

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ExperimentsController.cs

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
                     x.TaskNumber,
                     x.Name,
                     x.AcademicTermId,
+                    x.CourseId,
                     TermName = x.AcademicTerm!.Name,
                     TermStartDate = x.AcademicTerm.StartDate,
                     TermEndDate = x.AcademicTerm.EndDate,
@@ -295,6 +296,78 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
         return Created(string.Empty, new { project.Id });
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("batch")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> CreateProjects(
+        ExperimentProjectBatchRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var taskIds = request.TeachingTaskIds
+            .Where(x => x != Guid.Empty)
+            .Distinct()
+            .ToList();
+        if (taskIds.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("请至少选择一个教学任务。");
+        if (taskIds.Count > 100)
+            return ValidationProblem("单次最多为 100 个教学任务创建实验项目。");
+
+        var tasks = await AccessibleTeachingTasks().AsNoTracking()
+            .Include(x => x.AcademicTerm)
+            .Where(x =>
+                taskIds.Contains(x.Id) &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (tasks.Count != taskIds.Count)
+            return ValidationProblem("部分教学任务不存在、未发布或不在当前管理范围内。");
+
+        var first = tasks[0];
+        if (tasks.Any(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId != first.AcademicTermId ||
+                x.CourseId != first.CourseId))
+            return ValidationProblem("批量设置仅支持同一学期、同一课程的教学任务。");
+
+        var code = request.Code.Trim();
+        var conflictingTaskNumbers = await db.ExperimentProjects.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                taskIds.Contains(x.TeachingTaskId) &&
+                x.Code == code)
+            .Select(x => x.TeachingTask!.TaskNumber)
+            .OrderBy(x => x)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (conflictingTaskNumbers.Count > 0)
+            return ConflictProblem(
+                $"以下教学任务已存在实验项目编码 {code}：{string.Join("、", conflictingTaskNumbers)}。");
+
+        var projects = new List<ExperimentProject>(tasks.Count);
+        foreach (var task in tasks)
+        {
+            var item = request.ForTeachingTask(task.Id);
+            var problem = ValidateProjectRequest(item, task.AcademicTerm!);
+            if (problem is not null) return ValidationProblem(problem);
+
+            projects.Add(new ExperimentProject
+            {
+                TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
+                Code = code,
+                Name = request.Name.Trim(),
+                ArrangementMode = request.ArrangementMode,
+                Description = Normalize(request.Description),
+                Requirements = Normalize(request.Requirements),
+                StartDate = request.StartDate,
+                EndDate = request.EndDate
+            });
+        }
+
+        db.ExperimentProjects.AddRange(projects);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Created(string.Empty, new
+        {
+            Count = projects.Count,
+            ProjectIds = projects.Select(x => x.Id)
+        });
+    }
+
     [HttpPut("{id:guid}")]
     [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
     public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateProject(
@@ -478,6 +551,101 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
         return Created(string.Empty, new { session.Id });
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("sessions/batch")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
+    public Task<ActionResult> CreateSessions(
+        ExperimentSessionBatchRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (request.Items.Count == 0)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("请至少添加一条实验排课。"));
+        if (request.Items.Count > 100)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("单次最多安排 100 条实验场次。"));
+        if (request.Items.Any(x => x.ProjectId == Guid.Empty) ||
+            request.Items.Select(x => x.ProjectId).Distinct().Count() !=
+            request.Items.Count)
+            return Task.FromResult<ActionResult>(
+                ValidationProblem("同一批次中每个实验项目只能安排一个场次。"));
+
+        return db.ExecuteInRetriableTransactionAsync<ActionResult>(
+            async transaction =>
+            {
+                var projectIds = request.Items.Select(x => x.ProjectId).ToList();
+                var projects = await ScopedProjects()
+                    .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+                    .ThenInclude(x => x!.AcademicTerm)
+                    .Where(x => projectIds.Contains(x.Id))
+                    .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.Id, cancellationToken);
+                if (projects.Count != projectIds.Count)
+                    return ValidationProblem(
+                        "部分实验项目不存在或不在当前管理范围内。");
+
+                var createdSessions = new List<(ExperimentProject Project, ExperimentSession Session)>(
+                    request.Items.Count);
+                foreach (var item in request.Items)
+                {
+                    var project = projects[item.ProjectId];
+                    if (project.Status == ExperimentProjectStatus.Closed)
+                        return ConflictProblem(
+                            $"实验项目“{project.Name}”已关闭，不能再增加场次。");
+
+                    var sessionRequest = item.ToSessionRequest();
+                    var problem = await ValidateSessionAsync(
+                        project,
+                        sessionRequest,
+                        cancellationToken);
+                    if (problem is not null)
+                        return ConflictProblem(
+                            $"实验项目“{project.Name}”：{problem}");
+
+                    var session = new ExperimentSession
+                    {
+                        ExperimentProjectId = project.Id,
+                        ClassroomId = item.ClassroomId,
+                        SessionDate = item.SessionDate,
+                        StartPeriod = item.StartPeriod,
+                        PeriodCount = item.PeriodCount,
+                        Capacity = await ResolveSessionCapacityAsync(
+                            project,
+                            item.Capacity,
+                            cancellationToken),
+                        Notes = Normalize(item.Notes)
+                    };
+                    db.ExperimentSessions.Add(session);
+                    await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+                    createdSessions.Add((project, session));
+                }
+
+                foreach (var (project, session) in createdSessions.Where(x =>
+                             x.Project.Status == ExperimentProjectStatus.Published))
+                {
+                    var userIds = await RosterUserIdsAsync(
+                        project.TeachingTaskId,
+                        cancellationToken);
+                    if (userIds.Count == 0) continue;
+                    await NotificationService.SendToUserIdsAsync(
+                        db,
+                        userIds,
+                        "新增实验场次",
+                        $"“{project.Name}”新增 {session.SessionDate:yyyy-MM-dd} 第 {session.StartPeriod}—{session.StartPeriod + session.PeriodCount - 1} 节场次，请查看实验安排。",
+                        "/experiments",
+                        cancellationToken,
+                        NotificationCategory.Schedule);
+                }
+
+                await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
+                return Created(string.Empty, new
+                {
+                    Count = createdSessions.Count,
+                    SessionIds = createdSessions.Select(x => x.Session.Id)
+                });
+            },
+            cancellationToken,
+            IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+    }
+
     [HttpDelete("sessions/{id:guid}")]
     [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
     public async Task<ActionResult> CancelSession(
@@ -1029,6 +1197,28 @@ public sealed record ExperimentProjectRequest(
     DateOnly StartDate,
     DateOnly EndDate);
 
+public sealed record ExperimentProjectBatchRequest(
+    [Required] IReadOnlyList<Guid> TeachingTaskIds,
+    [Required, MaxLength(40)] string Code,
+    [Required, MaxLength(120)] string Name,
+    ExperimentArrangementMode ArrangementMode,
+    [MaxLength(1000)] string? Description,
+    [MaxLength(1000)] string? Requirements,
+    DateOnly StartDate,
+    DateOnly EndDate)
+{
+    public ExperimentProjectRequest ForTeachingTask(Guid teachingTaskId) =>
+        new(
+            teachingTaskId,
+            Code,
+            Name,
+            ArrangementMode,
+            Description,
+            Requirements,
+            StartDate,
+            EndDate);
+}
+
 public sealed record ExperimentSessionRequest(
     Guid ClassroomId,
     DateOnly SessionDate,
@@ -1037,6 +1227,28 @@ public sealed record ExperimentSessionRequest(
     [Range(1, 10000)] int Capacity,
     [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
 
+public sealed record ExperimentSessionBatchRequest(
+    [Required] IReadOnlyList<ExperimentSessionBatchItem> Items);
+
+public sealed record ExperimentSessionBatchItem(
+    Guid ProjectId,
+    Guid ClassroomId,
+    DateOnly SessionDate,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int StartPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int PeriodCount,
+    [Range(1, 10000)] int Capacity,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes)
+{
+    public ExperimentSessionRequest ToSessionRequest() =>
+        new(
+            ClassroomId,
+            SessionDate,
+            StartPeriod,
+            PeriodCount,
+            Capacity,
+            Notes);
+}
+
 public sealed record ExperimentPeriodOption(
     Guid AcademicTermId,
     int PeriodNumber,