实验批量发布现在会创建持久化后台任务，不再在 HTTP 请求里逐项校验和通知。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ExperimentsController.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.Data;
+using System.Text.Json;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.System;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Experiments;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
@@ -706,38 +708,33 @@ public sealed class ExperimentsController(
     {
         var ids = ValidateBulkProjectIds(request.ProjectIds);
         if (ids is null) return ValidationProblem("请选择 1 至 100 个实验项目。");
-        var projects = await ScopedProjects()
+        if (await ScopedProjects().CountAsync(x => ids.Contains(x.Id), cancellationToken) != ids.Count)
-            .Include(x => x.Sessions)
+            return NotFound();
-            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+        var userId = currentUserDataScope.Current.UserId;
-            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Course)
+        var job = new ExamPublishJob
-            .Where(x => ids.Contains(x.Id))
-            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
-        if (projects.Count != ids.Count) return NotFound();
-
-        foreach (var project in projects)
         {
-            if (project.Status != ExperimentProjectStatus.Draft)
+            Kind = ExamPublishJobKind.ExperimentProjects,
-                return ConflictProblem("批量发布只能包含草稿实验项目。");
+            PlanId = ids[0],
-            var hasSchedule = project.ArrangementMode == ExperimentArrangementMode.Centralized
+            RequestedByUserId = userId == Guid.Empty ? null : userId,
-                ? project.ScheduleEntryId.HasValue || project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled)
+            ProjectIdsJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(ids),
-                : project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled);
+            CurrentStep = "等待后台校验"
-            if (!hasSchedule)
+        };
-                return ConflictProblem($"“{project.Name}”尚未具备发布条件。");
+        db.ExamPublishJobs.Add(job);
-            if (project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled &&
+        db.BackgroundJobOutboxMessages.Add(BackgroundJobOutboxMessage.Create(
-                (x.SessionDate < project.StartDate || x.SessionDate > project.EndDate)))
+            BackgroundJobKind.ExamPublish, job.Id));
-                return ConflictProblem($"“{project.Name}”存在不在开放日期范围内的实验场次。");
-        }
-
-        var publishedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
-        foreach (var project in projects)
-        {
-            project.Status = ExperimentProjectStatus.Published;
-            project.PublishedAt = publishedAt;
-        }
         await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
-        foreach (var project in projects)
+        return Accepted(new { JobId = job.Id, Status = job.Status, Message = "实验项目发布任务已提交。" });
-            await NotifyProjectPublishedAsync(project, cancellationToken);
+    }
-        return NoContent();
+
+    [HttpGet("batch/publish-jobs/{jobId:guid}")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Managers)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetPublishJob(Guid jobId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var job = await db.ExamPublishJobs.AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefaultAsync(x =>
+            x.Id == jobId && x.Kind == ExamPublishJobKind.ExperimentProjects,
+            cancellationToken);
+        if (job is null) return NotFound();
+        return Ok(new { job.Id, job.Status, job.CurrentStep, job.ErrorMessage, job.StartedAt, job.CompletedAt });
     }
 
     [HttpPost("{id:guid}/close")]

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/ExamEntities.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public sealed class ExamArrangementJob : EntityBase
     public Guid PlanId { get; set; }
     public Guid? ActivePlanId { get; set; }
     public Guid? RequestedByUserId { get; set; }
+    public string? ProjectIdsJson { get; set; }
     public string? SessionIdsJson { get; set; }
     public bool AssignClassrooms { get; set; }
     public bool AssignInvigilators { get; set; }
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ public sealed class ExamPublishJob : EntityBase
     public Guid PlanId { get; set; }
     public Guid? ActivePlanId { get; set; }
     public Guid? RequestedByUserId { get; set; }
+    public string? ProjectIdsJson { get; set; }
     public ExamPublishJobStatus Status { get; set; } = ExamPublishJobStatus.Queued;
     public string? CurrentStep { get; set; }
     public string? ErrorMessage { get; set; }
@@ -148,7 +150,8 @@ public sealed class ExamPublishJob : EntityBase
 public enum ExamPublishJobKind
 {
     FormalExam = 1,
-    MakeupExam = 2
+    MakeupExam = 2,
+    ExperimentProjects = 3
 }
 
 public enum ExamPublishJobStatus

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Exams/ExamPublishJobs.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.System;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Caching;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Teaching;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Exams;
 
@@ -39,6 +42,9 @@ public sealed class ExamPublishJobProcessor(
                 case ExamPublishJobKind.MakeupExam:
                     await PublishMakeupExamAsync(job, stoppingToken);
                     break;
+                case ExamPublishJobKind.ExperimentProjects:
+                    await PublishExperimentProjectsAsync(job, stoppingToken);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     throw new InvalidOperationException(
                         $"不支持的考试发布类型：{job.Kind}。");
@@ -248,6 +254,58 @@ public sealed class ExamPublishJobProcessor(
         await db.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
     }
 
+    private async Task PublishExperimentProjectsAsync(ExamPublishJob job, CancellationToken ct)
+    {
+        var ids = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<Guid>>(job.ProjectIdsJson ?? "[]")?
+            .Where(x => x != Guid.Empty).Distinct().ToList() ?? [];
+        if (ids.Count is 0 or > 100)
+            throw new ExamPublishValidationException("实验发布任务的数据无效。请重新提交。");
+
+        var projects = await db.ExperimentProjects
+            .Include(x => x.Sessions)
+            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Course)
+            .Where(x => ids.Contains(x.Id))
+            .ToListAsync(ct);
+        if (projects.Count != ids.Count)
+            throw new ExamPublishValidationException("部分实验项目不存在，请刷新后重新提交。");
+
+        foreach (var project in projects)
+        {
+            if (project.Status != ExperimentProjectStatus.Draft)
+                throw new ExamPublishValidationException("批量发布只能包含草稿实验项目。");
+            var hasSchedule = project.ArrangementMode == ExperimentArrangementMode.Centralized
+                ? project.ScheduleEntryId.HasValue || project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled)
+                : project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled);
+            if (!hasSchedule)
+                throw new ExamPublishValidationException($"“{project.Name}”尚未具备发布条件。");
+            if (project.Sessions.Any(x => x.Status == ExperimentSessionStatus.Scheduled &&
+                (x.SessionDate < project.StartDate || x.SessionDate > project.EndDate)))
+                throw new ExamPublishValidationException($"“{project.Name}”存在不在开放日期范围内的实验场次。");
+        }
+
+        job.CurrentStep = "正在发布实验项目";
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
+        var publishedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        foreach (var project in projects)
+        {
+            project.Status = ExperimentProjectStatus.Published;
+            project.PublishedAt = publishedAt;
+        }
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(ct);
+
+        foreach (var project in projects)
+        {
+            var userIds = await TeachingTaskRosterQuery.ForTask(db, project.TeachingTaskId)
+                .Where(x => x.UserId.HasValue).Select(x => x.UserId!.Value).Distinct().ToListAsync(ct);
+            if (userIds.Count == 0) continue;
+            var mode = project.ArrangementMode == ExperimentArrangementMode.Centralized ? "集中安排" : "自行预约";
+            await NotificationService.SendToUserIdsAsync(db, userIds, "实验项目已发布",
+                $"《{project.TeachingTask!.Course!.Name}》已发布“{project.Name}”（{mode}），请查看实验安排。",
+                "/experiments", ct, NotificationCategory.Schedule);
+        }
+    }
+
     private async Task MarkFailedAsync(Guid jobId, string message)
     {
         db.ChangeTracker.Clear();

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/20260809121000_ExperimentPublishJobPayload.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql;
+
+[DbContext(typeof(AppDbContext))]
+[Migration("20260809121000_ExperimentPublishJobPayload")]
+public partial class ExperimentPublishJobPayload : Migration
+{
+    protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+    {
+        migrationBuilder.AddColumn<string>(
+            name: "ProjectIdsJson",
+            table: "ExamPublishJobs",
+            type: "longtext",
+            maxLength: 5000,
+            nullable: true);
+    }
+
+    protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+    {
+        migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
+            name: "ProjectIdsJson",
+            table: "ExamPublishJobs");
+    }
+}

web/src/views/ExperimentsView.vue

@@ -417,16 +417,35 @@ async function publishSelectedProjects() {
       '批量发布实验项目',
       { confirmButtonText: '确认发布', cancelButtonText: '取消', type: 'warning' },
     )
-    await http.post('/experiments/batch/publish', { projectIds: ids })
+    const { data } = await http.post('/experiments/batch/publish', { projectIds: ids })
-    ElMessage.success(`已发布 ${ids.length} 个实验项目`)
+    ElMessage.success(`已提交 ${ids.length} 个实验项目的后台发布任务`)
     selectedProjectIds.value = []
-    await load()
+    void pollPublishJob(data.jobId)
   } catch (error: any) {
     if (error === 'cancel' || error === 'close') return
     ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
   }
 }
 
+async function pollPublishJob(jobId: string) {
+  try {
+    const { data } = await http.get(`/experiments/batch/publish-jobs/${jobId}`)
+    if (data.status === 'Succeeded') {
+      ElMessage.success('实验项目已完成发布')
+      await load()
+      return
+    }
+    if (data.status === 'Failed') {
+      ElMessage.error(data.errorMessage || '实验项目发布失败')
+      await load()
+      return
+    }
+    window.setTimeout(() => { void pollPublishJob(jobId) }, 1200)
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
 async function deleteSelectedProjects() {
   const ids = draftSelectedProjectIds.value
   if (!ids.length) return