diff --git a/src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelController.cs b/src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelController.cs
index e47db5a..f48e211 100644
--- a/src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelController.cs
+++ b/src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [Route("api/personnel")]
 public sealed class PersonnelController(
     AppDbContext db,
-    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope) : ControllerBase
+    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope,
+    UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager) : ControllerBase
 {
     private const string ReadRoles =
         SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -149,6 +151,61 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
         return await SaveNoContentAsync(cancellationToken);
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("teachers/{id:guid}/activate-account")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = WriteRoles)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ActivateTeacherAccount(
+        Guid id,
+        TeacherAccountActivationRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var teacher = await db.Teachers.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken);
+        if (teacher is null) return NotFound();
+        if (!CanAccessCollege(teacher.CollegeId)) return Forbid();
+        if (teacher.Status != TeacherStatus.Active)
+        {
+            return ConflictProblem("仅在职教师可以激活登录账号。");
+        }
+        if (teacher.UserId.HasValue)
+        {
+            return ConflictProblem("该教师档案已经关联登录账号。");
+        }
+
+        var userName = teacher.TeacherNumber.Trim();
+        if (await userManager.FindByNameAsync(userName) is not null)
+        {
+            return ConflictProblem("该工号已有登录账号但未正确关联，请到账号管理中核对。");
+        }
+
+        await using var transaction = await db.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var user = new ApplicationUser
+        {
+            UserName = userName,
+            DisplayName = teacher.Name,
+            StaffNumber = userName,
+            CollegeId = teacher.CollegeId,
+            IsEnabled = true,
+            LockoutEnabled = true
+        };
+        var result = await userManager.CreateAsync(user, request.Password);
+        if (!result.Succeeded)
+        {
+            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return IdentityValidationProblem(result);
+        }
+
+        result = await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, SystemRoles.Teacher);
+        if (!result.Succeeded)
+        {
+            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return IdentityValidationProblem(result);
+        }
+
+        teacher.UserId = user.Id;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(new { user.Id, UserName = userName });
+    }
+
     [HttpGet("students")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<PagedResult<object>>> GetStudents(
         [FromQuery] PersonnelQuery query,
@@ -393,6 +450,13 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
             Status = StatusCodes.Status409Conflict
         });
 
+    private ActionResult IdentityValidationProblem(IdentityResult result)
+    {
+        foreach (var error in result.Errors)
+            ModelState.AddModelError(error.Code, error.Description);
+        return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
+    }
+
     private static string? Normalize(string? value) =>
         string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value.Trim();
 
@@ -436,3 +500,6 @@ public sealed record StudentRequest(
     [MaxLength(30)] string? Phone,
     [EmailAddress, MaxLength(100)] string? Email,
     [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
+
+public sealed record TeacherAccountActivationRequest(
+    [Required, MinLength(8), MaxLength(100)] string Password);
diff --git a/tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/PersonnelControllerTests.cs b/tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/PersonnelControllerTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..777e619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/PersonnelControllerTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
+
+public sealed class PersonnelControllerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ActivateTeacherAccount_CreatesAndLinksTeacherLogin()
+    {
+        await using var connection = new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
+        await connection.OpenAsync();
+        var services = new ServiceCollection();
+        services.AddLogging();
+        services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlite(connection));
+        services
+            .AddIdentityCore<ApplicationUser>(options =>
+            {
+                options.Password.RequiredLength = 8;
+                options.Password.RequireDigit = true;
+                options.Password.RequireLowercase = true;
+                options.Password.RequireUppercase = true;
+                options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = true;
+            })
+            .AddRoles<ApplicationRole>()
+            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<AppDbContext>();
+
+        await using var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
+        await using var scope = provider.CreateAsyncScope();
+        var db = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<AppDbContext>();
+        await db.Database.EnsureCreatedAsync();
+        var roleManager = scope.ServiceProvider
+            .GetRequiredService<RoleManager<ApplicationRole>>();
+        Assert.True((await roleManager.CreateAsync(new ApplicationRole
+        {
+            Name = SystemRoles.Teacher,
+            Description = "教师"
+        })).Succeeded);
+
+        var college = new College { Code = "CS", Name = "计算机学院" };
+        var teacher = new Teacher
+        {
+            TeacherNumber = "T2026999",
+            Name = "测试教师",
+            CollegeId = college.Id,
+            Status = TeacherStatus.Active
+        };
+        db.AddRange(college, teacher);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        var userManager = scope.ServiceProvider
+            .GetRequiredService<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();
+        var controller = new PersonnelController(
+            db,
+            new TestDataScope(college.Id),
+            userManager);
+
+        var result = await controller.ActivateTeacherAccount(
+            teacher.Id,
+            new TeacherAccountActivationRequest("Teacher@123"),
+            CancellationToken.None);
+
+        Assert.IsType<OkObjectResult>(result);
+        var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(teacher.TeacherNumber);
+        Assert.NotNull(user);
+        Assert.Equal(teacher.Name, user.DisplayName);
+        Assert.Equal(teacher.CollegeId, user.CollegeId);
+        Assert.True(await userManager.IsInRoleAsync(user, SystemRoles.Teacher));
+        await db.Entry(teacher).ReloadAsync();
+        Assert.Equal(user.Id, teacher.UserId);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class TestDataScope(Guid collegeId) : ICurrentUserDataScope
+    {
+        public CurrentUserScope Current { get; } = new(
+            Guid.NewGuid(),
+            "测试管理员",
+            collegeId,
+            DataScope.College,
+            new HashSet<string>([SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin]));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/web/src/style.css b/web/src/style.css
index 4038bde..2c1f7c9 100644
--- a/web/src/style.css
+++ b/web/src/style.css
@@ -1070,6 +1070,8 @@ button { cursor: pointer; }
 }
 
 @media (max-width: 600px) {
+  .page-intro { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
+  .page-actions { width: 100%; flex-wrap: wrap; }
   .option-filter-grid.course,
   .option-filter-grid.course.compact,
   .option-filter-grid.classes { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
diff --git a/web/src/views/PersonnelView.vue b/web/src/views/PersonnelView.vue
index b1b3b90..66149a4 100644
--- a/web/src/views/PersonnelView.vue
+++ b/web/src/views/PersonnelView.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref, watch } from 'vue'
-import { Document, Download, Plus, Refresh, Search, Upload } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import { Document, Download, Key, Plus, Refresh, Search, Upload } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
 import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
 import { downloadApiFile, importExcel } from '../api/excel'
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ const fileInput = ref<HTMLInputElement>()
 const rows = ref<any[]>([])
 const total = ref(0)
 const dialogVisible = ref(false)
+const activationDialog = ref(false)
+const activationLoading = ref(false)
+const activatingTeacher = ref<any | null>(null)
 const editingId = ref('')
 const colleges = ref<any[]>([])
 const majors = ref<any[]>([])
@@ -40,6 +43,10 @@ const query = reactive({
   status: undefined as string | undefined,
 })
 const form = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
+const activationForm = reactive({
+  password: '',
+  confirmPassword: '',
+})
 
 const canManage = computed(() =>
   auth.user?.roles.some((role) =>
@@ -293,6 +300,47 @@ async function remove(row: any) {
   }
 }
 
+function openActivation(row: any) {
+  activatingTeacher.value = row
+  activationForm.password = ''
+  activationForm.confirmPassword = ''
+  activationDialog.value = true
+}
+
+async function activateTeacherAccount() {
+  if (!activationForm.password) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请设置教师的初始密码。')
+    return
+  }
+  if (activationForm.password.length < 8 ||
+      !/[a-z]/.test(activationForm.password) ||
+      !/[A-Z]/.test(activationForm.password) ||
+      !/\d/.test(activationForm.password) ||
+      !/[^A-Za-z0-9]/.test(activationForm.password)) {
+    ElMessage.warning('密码至少 8 位，并包含大写字母、小写字母、数字和特殊字符。')
+    return
+  }
+  if (activationForm.password !== activationForm.confirmPassword) {
+    ElMessage.warning('两次输入的密码不一致。')
+    return
+  }
+
+  activationLoading.value = true
+  try {
+    const { data } = await http.post(
+      `/personnel/teachers/${activatingTeacher.value.id}/activate-account`,
+      { password: activationForm.password },
+    )
+    activationDialog.value = false
+    ElMessage.success(`教师账号 ${data.userName} 已激活`)
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    activationLoading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 onMounted(async () => {
   await Promise.all([loadReferences(), load()])
 })
@@ -417,8 +465,23 @@ watch(active, async () => {
         <el-table-column label="联系方式" min-width="170">
           <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.phone || row.email || '—' }}</template>
         </el-table-column>
-        <el-table-column v-if="canManage" label="操作" width="145" fixed="right">
+        <el-table-column
+          v-if="canManage"
+          label="操作"
+          :width="active === 'teachers' ? 225 : 145"
+          fixed="right"
+        >
           <template #default="{ row }">
+            <el-button
+              v-if="active === 'teachers' && !row.userId"
+              link
+              type="success"
+              :icon="Key"
+              :disabled="row.status !== 'Active'"
+              @click="openActivation(row)"
+            >
+              激活账号
+            </el-button>
             <el-button link type="primary" @click="openEdit(row)">编辑</el-button>
             <el-button link type="danger" @click="remove(row)">删除</el-button>
           </template>
@@ -514,5 +577,63 @@ watch(active, async () => {
         <el-button type="primary" @click="save">保存档案</el-button>
       </template>
     </el-dialog>
+
+    <el-dialog
+      v-model="activationDialog"
+      title="激活教师账号"
+      width="520px"
+      @closed="activatingTeacher = null"
+    >
+      <el-alert
+        title="账号激活后，教师可使用工号和初始密码登录。请通过安全方式将密码交给教师。"
+        type="info"
+        :closable="false"
+        show-icon
+      />
+      <el-form v-if="activatingTeacher" label-position="top" class="entity-form activation-account-form">
+        <div class="form-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="教师">
+            <el-input :model-value="activatingTeacher.name" disabled />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="登录账号">
+            <el-input :model-value="activatingTeacher.teacherNumber" disabled />
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+        <el-form-item label="初始密码" required>
+          <el-input
+            v-model="activationForm.password"
+            type="password"
+            show-password
+            autocomplete="new-password"
+            placeholder="至少 8 位，含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符"
+          />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="确认初始密码" required>
+          <el-input
+            v-model="activationForm.confirmPassword"
+            type="password"
+            show-password
+            autocomplete="new-password"
+            @keyup.enter="activateTeacherAccount"
+          />
+        </el-form-item>
+      </el-form>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="activationDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button
+          type="primary"
+          :loading="activationLoading"
+          @click="activateTeacherAccount"
+        >
+          确认激活
+        </el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
   </div>
 </template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.activation-account-form {
+  margin-top: 20px;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue b/web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue
index 0086961..192f9e4 100644
--- a/web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue
+++ b/web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
-import { CopyDocument, Plus, Promotion, Refresh, Search, Setting } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import { CopyDocument, EditPen, Plus, Promotion, Refresh, Search, Setting } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
 
 const plans = ref<any[]>([])
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ const keyword = ref('')
 const termId = ref<string | undefined>()
 const planForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const cloneForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
+const revisingPublishedPlan = ref(false)
 const entryForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const constraintForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const constraintBatchForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
@@ -478,8 +479,9 @@ async function savePlan() {
 }
 
 function openClone() {
+  revisingPublishedPlan.value = selected.value.status === 'Published'
   Object.assign(cloneForm, {
-    name: `${selected.value.name}（调整版）`,
+    name: `${selected.value.name}（修订版）`,
     version: `V${plans.value.length + 1}`,
   })
   cloneDialog.value = true
@@ -487,10 +489,18 @@ function openClone() {
 
 async function clonePlan() {
   try {
-    await http.post(`/schedules/plans/${selected.value.id}/clone`, cloneForm)
+    const { data } = await http.post(
+      `/schedules/plans/${selected.value.id}/clone`,
+      cloneForm,
+    )
     cloneDialog.value = false
-    ElMessage.success('已复制为可调整的草稿版本')
+    ElMessage.success(
+      revisingPublishedPlan.value
+        ? '已建立修订草稿，原已发布课表继续生效'
+        : '已复制为可调整的草稿版本',
+    )
     await loadPlans(false)
+    if (data.id && selected.value?.id !== data.id) await loadDetail(data.id)
   } catch (error) {
     ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
   }
@@ -499,7 +509,7 @@ async function clonePlan() {
 async function publishPlan() {
   try {
     await ElMessageBox.confirm(
-      '系统将再次检查全部教师、行政班和教室冲突；发布后本版本锁定，并归档旧课表。',
+      '系统将再次检查全部教师、行政班和教室冲突；发布后本版本锁定并替换旧课表，后续仍可通过“发布后修改”建立修订版。',
       '发布课表',
       { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: '检查并发布', cancelButtonText: '取消' },
     )
@@ -631,7 +641,23 @@ onBeforeUnmount(clearAutoSchedulePoll)
         </div>
         <div class="plan-actions">
           <el-button v-if="isDraft" :disabled="autoLoading" @click="openPlan(selected)">编辑版本</el-button>
-          <el-button :icon="CopyDocument" :disabled="autoLoading" @click="openClone">复制调整</el-button>
+          <el-button
+            v-if="selected.status === 'Published'"
+            type="warning"
+            plain
+            :icon="EditPen"
+            @click="openClone"
+          >
+            发布后修改
+          </el-button>
+          <el-button
+            v-else
+            :icon="CopyDocument"
+            :disabled="autoLoading"
+            @click="openClone"
+          >
+            复制调整
+          </el-button>
           <el-button
             v-if="isDraft"
             type="warning"
@@ -723,12 +749,28 @@ onBeforeUnmount(clearAutoSchedulePoll)
       <template #footer><el-button @click="planDialog = false">取消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="savePlan">保存</el-button></template>
     </el-dialog>
 
-    <el-dialog v-model="cloneDialog" title="复制排课版本" width="520px">
+    <el-dialog
+      v-model="cloneDialog"
+      :title="revisingPublishedPlan ? '发布后修改课表' : '复制排课版本'"
+      width="520px"
+    >
+      <el-alert
+        v-if="revisingPublishedPlan"
+        title="系统会建立一份可编辑的修订草稿；原课表在修订版重新发布前继续生效，不会影响教师和学生查课。"
+        type="info"
+        :closable="false"
+        show-icon
+      />
       <el-form label-position="top">
         <el-form-item label="新版本名称" required><el-input v-model="cloneForm.name" /></el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="新版本号" required><el-input v-model="cloneForm.version" /></el-form-item>
       </el-form>
-      <template #footer><el-button @click="cloneDialog = false">取消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="clonePlan">复制</el-button></template>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="cloneDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="clonePlan">
+          {{ revisingPublishedPlan ? '建立修订草稿' : '复制' }}
+        </el-button>
+      </template>
     </el-dialog>
 
     <el-dialog v-model="entryDialog" :title="editingEntryId ? '调整排课' : '添加排课'" width="680px">