课程库 Excel 导入导出已完成：

支持下载标准导入模板。
导出严格沿用当前关键词、学院、分类、课程性质和状态筛选。
以课程编码为唯一键：存在则更新，不存在则新增。
校验学院编码、课程分类、课程性质、学分学时及考核方式。
整批原子导入，任一行错误则全部不写入，并提示具体行号。
学院管理员仍只能维护本学院的专业课和实践课，无法借 Excel 越权。
界面入口沿用现有课程库工具栏样式。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/BaseDataController.cs

@@ -120,6 +120,44 @@ public sealed class BaseDataController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             })
             .ToListAsync(cancellationToken));
 
+    [HttpGet("course-categories")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<IReadOnlyCollection<CourseCategory>>> GetCourseCategories(
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+        await db.CourseCategories.AsNoTracking()
+            .OrderBy(x => x.SortOrder)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Code)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+    [HttpPost("course-categories")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Administrators)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<CourseCategory>> CreateCourseCategory(
+        CatalogRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var entity = new CourseCategory
+        {
+            Code = request.Code.Trim(),
+            Name = request.Name.Trim(),
+            SortOrder = request.SortOrder,
+            IsEnabled = request.IsEnabled
+        };
+        return await CreateAsync(entity, nameof(GetCourseCategories), cancellationToken);
+    }
+
+    [HttpPut("course-categories/{id:guid}")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = Administrators)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult<CourseCategory>> UpdateCourseCategory(
+        Guid id,
+        CatalogRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var entity = await db.CourseCategories.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken);
+        if (entity is null) return NotFound();
+        ApplyCatalog(entity, request);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return entity;
+    }
+
     [HttpPost("majors")]
     [Authorize(Roles = Administrators)]
     public async Task<ActionResult<Major>> CreateMajor(
@@ -403,6 +441,7 @@ public sealed class BaseDataController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             "terms" => await db.AcademicTerms.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken),
             "buildings" => await db.Buildings.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken),
             "classrooms" => await db.Classrooms.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken),
+            "course-categories" => await db.CourseCategories.FindAsync([id], cancellationToken),
             _ => null
         };
 

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/BaseDataExcelController.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ public sealed class BaseDataExcelController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             ["classes"] = ["编码", "名称", "所属专业编码", "年级", "辅导员工号", "排序", "状态"],
             ["terms"] = ["编码", "名称", "学年", "学期季", "开始日期", "结束日期", "当前学期", "状态"],
             ["buildings"] = ["编码", "名称", "所属校区编码", "排序", "状态"],
-            ["classrooms"] = ["编码", "名称", "所属教学楼编码", "容量", "教室类型", "设备", "排序", "状态"]
+            ["classrooms"] = ["编码", "名称", "所属教学楼编码", "容量", "教室类型", "设备", "排序", "状态"],
+            ["course-categories"] = ["编码", "名称", "排序", "状态"]
         };
 
     [HttpGet("{kind}/template")]
@@ -90,6 +91,8 @@ public sealed class BaseDataExcelController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
                 "terms" => await ImportTermsAsync(rows, errors, cancellationToken),
                 "buildings" => await ImportBuildingsAsync(rows, errors, cancellationToken),
                 "classrooms" => await ImportClassroomsAsync(rows, errors, cancellationToken),
+                "course-categories" => await ImportCourseCategoriesAsync(
+                    rows, errors, cancellationToken),
                 _ => throw new InvalidOperationException()
             };
 
@@ -147,6 +150,10 @@ public sealed class BaseDataExcelController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
                 .OrderBy(x => x.Code).ToListAsync(cancellationToken))
                 .Select(x => Row(x.Code, x.Name, x.Building!.Code, x.Capacity, x.RoomType,
                     x.Equipment, x.SortOrder, Status(x.IsEnabled))).ToList(),
+            "course-categories" => (await db.CourseCategories.AsNoTracking()
+                .OrderBy(x => x.SortOrder).ThenBy(x => x.Code)
+                .ToListAsync(cancellationToken))
+                .Select(x => Row(x.Code, x.Name, x.SortOrder, Status(x.IsEnabled))).ToList(),
             _ => []
         };
 
@@ -471,6 +478,36 @@ public sealed class BaseDataExcelController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         return new(created, updated, rows.Count);
     }
 
+    private async Task<ExcelImportResult> ImportCourseCategoriesAsync(
+        IReadOnlyList<ExcelRow> rows,
+        List<string> errors,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var existing = await db.CourseCategories.ToDictionaryAsync(
+            x => x.Code,
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase,
+            cancellationToken);
+        var created = 0;
+        var updated = 0;
+        foreach (var row in rows)
+        {
+            var code = Required(row, "编码", errors);
+            var name = Required(row, "名称", errors);
+            if (code is null || name is null) continue;
+            var entity = existing.GetValueOrDefault(code);
+            if (entity is null)
+            {
+                entity = new CourseCategory { Code = code, Name = name };
+                db.CourseCategories.Add(entity);
+                existing[code] = entity;
+                created++;
+            }
+            else updated++;
+            ApplyCatalog(entity, row, name, errors);
+        }
+        return new(created, updated, rows.Count);
+    }
+
     private ActionResult ImportValidationProblem(IReadOnlyList<string> errors)
     {
         foreach (var error in errors.Take(50))
@@ -582,6 +619,7 @@ public sealed class BaseDataExcelController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         "terms" => "学期",
         "buildings" => "教学楼",
         "classrooms" => "教室",
+        "course-categories" => "课程分类",
         _ => "基础数据"
     };
 }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/CoursesController.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
         int pageSize = 20,
         string? keyword = null,
         Guid? collegeId = null,
+        Guid? categoryId = null,
         CourseNature? nature = null,
         bool? isEnabled = null,
         CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
         var source = ScopedCourses().AsNoTracking();
         if (collegeId.HasValue)
             source = source.Where(x => x.CollegeId == collegeId.Value);
+        if (categoryId.HasValue)
+            source = source.Where(x => x.CourseCategoryId == categoryId.Value);
         if (nature.HasValue)
             source = source.Where(x => x.Nature == nature.Value);
         if (isEnabled.HasValue)
@@ -69,6 +72,9 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
                 x.EnglishName,
                 x.CollegeId,
                 CollegeName = x.College!.Name,
+                x.CourseCategoryId,
+                CategoryCode = x.CourseCategory != null ? x.CourseCategory.Code : null,
+                CategoryName = x.CourseCategory != null ? x.CourseCategory.Name : null,
                 x.Credits,
                 x.TotalHours,
                 x.LectureHours,
@@ -106,6 +112,7 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
             Name = request.Name.Trim(),
             EnglishName = Normalize(request.EnglishName),
             CollegeId = request.CollegeId,
+            CourseCategoryId = request.CourseCategoryId,
             Credits = request.Credits,
             TotalHours = request.TotalHours,
             LectureHours = request.LectureHours,
@@ -137,6 +144,7 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
         entity.Name = request.Name.Trim();
         entity.EnglishName = Normalize(request.EnglishName);
         entity.CollegeId = request.CollegeId;
+        entity.CourseCategoryId = request.CourseCategoryId;
         entity.Credits = request.Credits;
         entity.TotalHours = request.TotalHours;
         entity.LectureHours = request.LectureHours;
@@ -167,6 +175,10 @@ public sealed class CoursesController(
         if (!CanManage(request.CollegeId, request.Nature)) return Forbid();
         if (!await db.Colleges.AnyAsync(x => x.Id == request.CollegeId, cancellationToken))
             return ValidationProblem("所选学院不存在。");
+        if (!await db.CourseCategories.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == request.CourseCategoryId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选课程分类不存在或已停用。");
         if (request.LectureHours + request.PracticeHours > request.TotalHours)
             return ValidationProblem("讲授学时与实践学时之和不能超过总学时。");
         return null;
@@ -242,6 +254,7 @@ public sealed record CourseRequest(
     [Required, MaxLength(100)] string Name,
     [MaxLength(150)] string? EnglishName,
     Guid CollegeId,
+    Guid CourseCategoryId,
     [Range(typeof(decimal), "0.1", "99")] decimal Credits,
     [Range(1, 1000)] int TotalHours,
     [Range(0, 1000)] int LectureHours,