主要改动：

自动排课接口立即返回 202 + jobId
后台服务独立执行，不受浏览器关闭或前端超时影响
进度、成功、失败状态持久化到数据库
服务重启后自动恢复排队中或中断的任务
同一草稿禁止重复提交后台任务
运行期间禁止编辑、发布或删除该课表
排课结果和任务成功状态在同一事务中提交
前端每秒轮询进度，显示已处理教学班和已规划安排数

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/AppDbContextModelSnapshot.cs

@@ -129,6 +129,69 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.ToTable("AdministrativeClasses");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AutomaticScheduleJob", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("ActiveSchedulePlanId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime?>("CompletedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("CompletedTasks")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("CreatedEntries")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("ErrorMessage")
+                        .HasMaxLength(2000)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(2000)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("MessagesJson")
+                        .HasColumnType("longtext");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("ProcessedTasks")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("RequestedByUserId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("SchedulePlanId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime?>("StartedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("Status")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("TotalTasks")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("ActiveSchedulePlanId")
+                        .IsUnique();
+
+                    b.HasIndex("RequestedByUserId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("SchedulePlanId", "CreatedAt");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("Status", "CreatedAt");
+
+                    b.ToTable("AutomaticScheduleJobs");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Building", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("Id")
@@ -2113,6 +2176,22 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Navigation("Major");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AutomaticScheduleJob", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity.ApplicationUser", null)
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("RequestedByUserId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull);
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.SchedulePlan", "SchedulePlan")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("SchedulePlanId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("SchedulePlan");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Building", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Campus", "Campus")