新增每门课程的“优先上课日 / 偏好节次范围”，与硬性可排范围分离。

遗传算法在满足冲突、容量、场地等硬约束后，优先满足课程偏好；偏好无法满足时仍会安排可行课次。
管理员可通过“课程偏好权重”控制偏好的影响程度。
修复遗传适应度：教室容量冗余、同一任务分散、日负载和实验场地偏好现在都会实际参与种群评分

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ScheduleSettingsController.cs

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
         settings.EarlyPeriodPenalty = request.EarlyPeriodPenalty;
         settings.LatePeriodPenalty = request.LatePeriodPenalty;
         settings.RoomCapacityWasteWeight = request.RoomCapacityWasteWeight;
+        settings.CoursePreferenceWeight = request.CoursePreferenceWeight;
         await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         return Ok(ToOptimizationSettingsResponse(settings));
     }
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
         settings.ConsecutiveClassWeight,
         settings.EarlyPeriodPenalty,
         settings.LatePeriodPenalty,
-        settings.RoomCapacityWasteWeight
+        settings.RoomCapacityWasteWeight,
+        settings.CoursePreferenceWeight
     };
 
     [HttpPut("time-slots/{academicTermId:guid}")]
@@ -189,6 +191,9 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
                 AllowedDayOfWeeks = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks),
                 constraint?.EarliestPeriod,
                 constraint?.LatestPeriod,
+                PreferredDayOfWeeks = ParseDays(constraint?.PreferredDayOfWeeks),
+                constraint?.PreferredEarliestPeriod,
+                constraint?.PreferredLatestPeriod,
                 AllowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
                     .Select(x => x.ClassroomId) ?? [],
                 AllowedExperimentClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedExperimentClassrooms
@@ -210,6 +215,12 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
             request.LatestPeriod.HasValue &&
             request.EarliestPeriod > request.LatestPeriod)
             return ValidationProblem("最早节次不能晚于最晚节次。");
+        if (request.PreferredDayOfWeeks?.Any(day => day is < 1 or > 7) == true)
+            return ValidationProblem("偏好上课日必须位于星期一至星期日。");
+        if (request.PreferredEarliestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.PreferredLatestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.PreferredEarliestPeriod > request.PreferredLatestPeriod)
+            return ValidationProblem("偏好最早节次不能晚于偏好最晚节次。");
         if (!Enum.IsDefined(request.SchedulingMode))
             return ValidationProblem("授课方式无效。");
         var task = await db.TeachingTasks
@@ -322,6 +333,11 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
             : string.Join(',', request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Distinct().Order());
         constraint.EarliestPeriod = request.EarliestPeriod;
         constraint.LatestPeriod = request.LatestPeriod;
+        constraint.PreferredDayOfWeeks = request.PreferredDayOfWeeks?.Count > 0
+            ? string.Join(',', request.PreferredDayOfWeeks.Distinct().Order())
+            : null;
+        constraint.PreferredEarliestPeriod = request.PreferredEarliestPeriod;
+        constraint.PreferredLatestPeriod = request.PreferredLatestPeriod;
         constraint.AllowedExperimentVenueNatures = request.AllowedExperimentVenueNatures;
         db.TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedClassrooms);
         db.TeachingTaskAllowedExperimentClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedExperimentClassrooms);
@@ -566,6 +582,9 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
         constraint.AllowedDayOfWeeks = null;
         constraint.EarliestPeriod = null;
         constraint.LatestPeriod = null;
+        constraint.PreferredDayOfWeeks = null;
+        constraint.PreferredEarliestPeriod = null;
+        constraint.PreferredLatestPeriod = null;
         db.TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedClassrooms);
         db.TeachingTaskAllowedExperimentClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedExperimentClassrooms);
         constraint.AllowedClassrooms = [];
@@ -602,7 +621,8 @@ public sealed record ScheduleOptimizationSettingsRequest(
     [Range(0, 10_000)] int ConsecutiveClassWeight,
     [Range(0, 10_000)] int EarlyPeriodPenalty,
     [Range(0, 10_000)] int LatePeriodPenalty,
-    [Range(0, 10_000)] int RoomCapacityWasteWeight);
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int RoomCapacityWasteWeight,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int CoursePreferenceWeight = 180);
 
 public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest(
     TeachingTaskSchedulingMode SchedulingMode,
@@ -616,7 +636,10 @@ public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest(
     TeachingVenueNature AllowedExperimentVenueNatures = 0,
     IReadOnlyList<Guid>? AllowedExperimentClassroomIds = null,
     Guid? ExperimentRequiredCampusId = null,
-    Guid? ExperimentRequiredBuildingId = null);
+    Guid? ExperimentRequiredBuildingId = null,
+    IReadOnlyList<int>? PreferredDayOfWeeks = null,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? PreferredEarliestPeriod = null,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? PreferredLatestPeriod = null);
 
 public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintBatchRequest(
     Guid AcademicTermId,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/ScheduleEntities.cs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleOptimizationSettings : EntityBase
     public int EarlyPeriodPenalty { get; set; } = 30;
     public int LatePeriodPenalty { get; set; } = 30;
     public int RoomCapacityWasteWeight { get; set; } = 1;
+    public int CoursePreferenceWeight { get; set; } = 180;
 
     public static ScheduleOptimizationSettings CreateDefault(Guid academicTermId) =>
         new() { AcademicTermId = academicTermId };
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ public sealed class TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint : EntityBase
     public string? AllowedDayOfWeeks { get; set; }
     public int? EarliestPeriod { get; set; }
     public int? LatestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public string? PreferredDayOfWeeks { get; set; }
+    public int? PreferredEarliestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public int? PreferredLatestPeriod { get; set; }
     public TeachingVenueNature AllowedExperimentVenueNatures { get; set; }
     public ICollection<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> AllowedClassrooms { get; set; } = [];
     public ICollection<TeachingTaskAllowedExperimentClassroom> AllowedExperimentClassrooms { get; set; } = [];

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -532,6 +532,7 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
         builder.Entity<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>(entity =>
         {
             entity.Property(x => x.AllowedDayOfWeeks).HasMaxLength(20);
+            entity.Property(x => x.PreferredDayOfWeeks).HasMaxLength(20);
             entity.HasIndex(x => x.TeachingTaskId).IsUnique();
             entity.HasOne(x => x.TeachingTask)
                 .WithMany()