学籍异动：休学、复学、退学申请及辅导员→学院→教务处分级审批。

毕业审核：批次计算、缺失课程检查、人工复核、结果发布。
学位授予：毕业资格与 GPA 计算、人工调整、发布授予结果。
毕业离校：离校事项配置、责任角色分工、逐项办理及批次关闭。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/StudentStatusChangesController.cs

@@ -30,6 +30,37 @@ public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
         }).ToListAsync(token));
     }
 
+    [HttpGet("options")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.Student)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetOptions(CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var userId = currentUserDataScope.Current.UserId;
+        var student = await db.Students.AsNoTracking()
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.UserId == userId, token);
+        if (student is null) return ConflictProblem("当前账号未关联学生档案。");
+
+        var types = student.Status switch
+        {
+            StudentStatus.Active => new[]
+            {
+                StudentStatusChangeType.Suspension,
+                StudentStatusChangeType.Withdrawal
+            },
+            StudentStatus.Suspended => new[]
+            {
+                StudentStatusChangeType.Resumption,
+                StudentStatusChangeType.Withdrawal
+            },
+            _ => []
+        };
+        var hasPending = await db.StudentStatusChanges.AnyAsync(x =>
+            x.StudentId == student.Id &&
+            (x.State == StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted ||
+             x.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved ||
+             x.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved), token);
+        return Ok(new { student.Status, Types = types, HasPending = hasPending });
+    }
+
     [HttpPost]
     [Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.Student)]
     public async Task<ActionResult> Create(
@@ -76,14 +107,19 @@ public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == id, token);
         if (change is null) return NotFound();
         var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
+        if (!CanReviewCurrentStage(scope, change.State))
+            return ConflictProblem("当前角色或审核阶段不允许执行该操作。");
+
         if (!request.Approved)
         {
-            if (change.State is StudentStatusChangeState.Approved or
-                StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected or StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled)
-                return ConflictProblem("该申请已经结束。");
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.Comment))
+                return BadRequest(new ProblemDetails
+                {
+                    Title = "审核意见不完整",
+                    Detail = "驳回申请时必须填写审核意见。",
+                    Status = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest
+                });
             change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected;
-            change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
-            change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
         }
         else if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor) &&
                  change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted)
@@ -100,12 +136,30 @@ public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
             change.ApprovedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
         }
         else return ConflictProblem("当前角色或审核阶段不允许执行该操作。");
+
         change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
         change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
         await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
         return NoContent();
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("{id:guid}/cancel")]
+    [Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.Student)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Cancel(Guid id, CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var userId = currentUserDataScope.Current.UserId;
+        var change = await db.StudentStatusChanges.FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+            x => x.Id == id && x.Student!.UserId == userId, token);
+        if (change is null) return NotFound();
+        if (change.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted)
+            return ConflictProblem("只有尚未进入审核的申请可以撤回。");
+
+        change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled;
+        change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
     private IQueryable<StudentStatusChange> ScopedChanges()
     {
         var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
@@ -123,6 +177,21 @@ public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
         return source.Where(_ => false);
     }
 
+    private static bool CanReviewCurrentStage(
+        CurrentUserScope scope,
+        StudentStatusChangeState state) =>
+        state switch
+        {
+            StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted =>
+                scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor),
+            StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved =>
+                scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin),
+            StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved =>
+                scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin) ||
+                scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.SuperAdmin),
+            _ => false
+        };
+
     private ActionResult ConflictProblem(string detail) => Conflict(new ProblemDetails
     {
         Title = "无法完成学籍异动操作", Detail = detail,