已改成后台“检查并发布”任务，原来的超时主要就是同步逐条校验导致的。

发布接口立即返回 202 Accepted，页面轮询显示检查进度。
校验改为批量读取，减少重复数据库查询。
检查失败保留草稿并显示具体原因；成功后原子完成旧课表归档和新课表发布。
同一学期禁止两个发布任务并发，服务重启后未完成任务会自动恢复。
发布期间锁定编辑、自动排课等冲突操作。
已补齐 SQLite 开发迁移及 MySQL 生产迁移。

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/SchedulesControllerTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -10,6 +11,87 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
 
 public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
 {
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Publish_returns_accepted_before_background_validation_runs()
+    {
+        await using var connection = new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
+        await connection.OpenAsync();
+        var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()
+            .UseSqlite(connection)
+            .Options;
+        await using var db = new AppDbContext(options);
+        await db.Database.EnsureCreatedAsync();
+
+        var term = new AcademicTerm
+        {
+            Code = "2026-P",
+            Name = "2026 发布测试",
+            AcademicYear = "2026-2027",
+            Season = TermSeason.Autumn,
+            StartDate = new DateOnly(2026, 9, 7),
+            EndDate = new DateOnly(2027, 1, 17)
+        };
+        var college = new College { Code = "P", Name = "发布学院" };
+        var course = new Course
+        {
+            Code = "P101",
+            Name = "发布课程",
+            College = college,
+            Credits = 1,
+            TotalHours = 16,
+            LectureHours = 16
+        };
+        var task = new TeachingTask
+        {
+            TaskNumber = "TASK-P",
+            Name = "发布教学班",
+            AcademicTerm = term,
+            Course = course,
+            Capacity = 30,
+            WeeklyHours = 1,
+            Status = TeachingTaskStatus.Published
+        };
+        var plan = new SchedulePlan
+        {
+            AcademicTerm = term,
+            Name = "发布草稿",
+            Version = "V1"
+        };
+        plan.Entries.Add(new ScheduleEntry
+        {
+            TeachingTask = task,
+            DayOfWeek = 1,
+            StartPeriod = 1,
+            PeriodCount = 1,
+            StartWeek = 1,
+            EndWeek = 16,
+            WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All
+        });
+        db.AddRange(term, college, course, task, plan);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        var controller = new SchedulesController(
+            db,
+            new AutomaticScheduleJobQueue(),
+            new SchedulePublishJobQueue())
+        {
+            ControllerContext = new ControllerContext
+            {
+                HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext()
+            }
+        };
+        var result = await controller.PublishPlan(plan.Id, CancellationToken.None);
+
+        var accepted = Assert.IsType<AcceptedAtActionResult>(result.Result);
+        var response = Assert.IsType<SchedulePublishJobResponse>(accepted.Value);
+        Assert.Equal(SchedulePublishJobStatus.Queued, response.Status);
+        Assert.Equal(plan.Id, response.SchedulePlanId);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            SchedulePlanStatus.Draft,
+            (await db.SchedulePlans.SingleAsync()).Status);
+        Assert.Equal(1, await db.SchedulePublishJobs.CountAsync());
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task Latest_auto_schedule_job_remains_available_after_completion()
     {
@@ -52,7 +134,8 @@ public sealed class SchedulesControllerTests
 
         var controller = new SchedulesController(
             db,
-            new AutomaticScheduleJobQueue());
+            new AutomaticScheduleJobQueue(),
+            new SchedulePublishJobQueue());
         var result = await controller.GetLatestAutomaticScheduleJob(
             plan.Id,
             CancellationToken.None);