已改成后台“检查并发布”任务，原来的超时主要就是同步逐条校验导致的。

发布接口立即返回 202 Accepted，页面轮询显示检查进度。
校验改为批量读取，减少重复数据库查询。
检查失败保留草稿并显示具体原因；成功后原子完成旧课表归档和新课表发布。
同一学期禁止两个发布任务并发，服务重启后未完成任务会自动恢复。
发布期间锁定编辑、自动排课等冲突操作。
已补齐 SQLite 开发迁移及 MySQL 生产迁移。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/DevelopmentSqliteMigrator.cs

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
          "20260724_16_automatic_schedule_jobs";
     private const string TeachingTaskSchedulingModesMigration =
         "20260725_17_teaching_task_scheduling_modes";
+    private const string SchedulePublishJobsMigration =
+        "20260725_18_schedule_publish_jobs";
 
     public async Task MigrateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
@@ -163,6 +165,18 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
             TeachingTaskSchedulingModesMigration,
             teachingTaskSchedulingModeExists ? [] : TeachingTaskSchedulingModeStatements,
             cancellationToken);
+        var schedulePublishJobsExist = await db.Database
+            .SqlQueryRaw<int>(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Value"
+                FROM sqlite_master
+                WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'SchedulePublishJobs'
+                """)
+            .AnyAsync(value => value > 0, cancellationToken);
+        await ApplyMigrationAsync(
+            SchedulePublishJobsMigration,
+            schedulePublishJobsExist ? [] : SchedulePublishJobStatements,
+            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     private async Task ApplyMigrationAsync(
@@ -1104,4 +1118,48 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
         ADD COLUMN "SchedulingMode" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1;
         """
     ];
+
+    private static readonly string[] SchedulePublishJobStatements =
+    [
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "SchedulePublishJobs" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_SchedulePublishJobs" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "SchedulePlanId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "AcademicTermId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ActiveAcademicTermId" TEXT NULL,
+            "RequestedByUserId" TEXT NULL,
+            "Status" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "TotalSteps" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "CompletedSteps" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "CurrentStep" TEXT NULL,
+            "ErrorMessage" TEXT NULL,
+            "StartedAt" TEXT NULL,
+            "CompletedAt" TEXT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_SchedulePublishJobs_SchedulePlans"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("SchedulePlanId") REFERENCES "SchedulePlans" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_SchedulePublishJobs_RequestedBy"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("RequestedByUserId") REFERENCES "AspNetUsers" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE SET NULL
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IX_SchedulePublishJobs_ActiveAcademicTermId"
+            ON "SchedulePublishJobs" ("ActiveAcademicTermId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_SchedulePublishJobs_SchedulePlanId_CreatedAt"
+            ON "SchedulePublishJobs" ("SchedulePlanId", "CreatedAt");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_SchedulePublishJobs_Status_CreatedAt"
+            ON "SchedulePublishJobs" ("Status", "CreatedAt");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_SchedulePublishJobs_RequestedByUserId"
+            ON "SchedulePublishJobs" ("RequestedByUserId");
+        """
+    ];
 }