已完成“成绩管理与学业档案”模块：

教师批量录入平时、期中、期末成绩。
自动计算总评、绩点和及格状态。
支持缺考、缓考、免修。
教师提交 → 学院审核/退回 → 校级发布。
学生只能查看正式发布成绩。
自动统计平均分、完成度、及格率和加权 GPA。
SQLite 本地增量升级和 MySQL 正式迁移均已完成。
分级权限在前后端同时校验。

web/src/views/DashboardView.vue

@@ -112,19 +112,25 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <b>{{ data.counts.courseSelectionRounds ?? 0 }} 个批次 · {{ data.counts.courseEnrollments ?? 0 }} 条有效选课</b>
             <i class="done">已建立</i>
           </div>
+          <div>
+            <span>成绩管理</span>
+            <b>{{ data.counts.gradeSheets ?? 0 }} 张登记册 · {{ data.counts.publishedGradeSheets ?? 0 }} 张已发布</b>
+            <i class="done">已建立</i>
+          </div>
         </div>
       </article>
 
       <article class="work-card phase-card">
         <span class="section-kicker">NEXT MILESTONE</span>
         <h3>下一段业务链</h3>
-        <p>选课批次、容量校验和教学班名单已就绪，下一步进入成绩录入、审核与学业档案。</p>
+        <p>成绩录入、审核、发布与学生成绩单已就绪，下一步进入考试安排与考场管理。</p>
         <div class="phase-line">
           <span class="active">基础底座</span>
           <span class="active">人员档案</span>
           <span class="active">培养方案</span>
           <span class="active">排课课表</span>
           <span class="active">学生选课</span>
+          <span class="active">成绩管理</span>
         </div>
       </article>
     </section>

web/src/views/GradesView.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
+import {
+  Check,
+  DocumentChecked,
+  EditPen,
+  Plus,
+  Promotion,
+  Refresh,
+} from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
+import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/auth'
+
+const auth = useAuthStore()
+const isStudent = computed(() => auth.user?.roles.includes('Student') &&
+  !auth.user.roles.some((role) =>
+    ['SuperAdmin', 'AcademicAdmin', 'CollegeAdmin', 'Teacher'].includes(role)))
+const terms = ref<any[]>([])
+const tasks = ref<any[]>([])
+const selectedTask = ref<any | null>(null)
+const detail = ref<any | null>(null)
+const transcript = ref<any>({ student: null, records: [] })
+const loading = ref(false)
+const detailLoading = ref(false)
+const createDialog = ref(false)
+const returnDialog = ref(false)
+const termId = ref<string | undefined>()
+const status = ref<string | undefined>()
+const createForm = reactive({
+  regularWeight: 30,
+  midtermWeight: 0,
+  finalWeight: 70,
+})
+const returnComment = ref('')
+
+const statusLabels: Record<string, string> = {
+  Draft: '录入中',
+  Submitted: '待审核',
+  Approved: '审核通过',
+  Published: '已发布',
+  Returned: '已退回',
+}
+const examStatusLabels: Record<string, string> = {
+  Normal: '正常',
+  Absent: '缺考',
+  Deferred: '缓考',
+  Exempt: '免修',
+}
+const completedCount = computed(() =>
+  detail.value?.records.filter((record: any) =>
+    record.totalScore != null || record.examStatus !== 'Normal').length ?? 0)
+const averageScore = computed(() => {
+  const scores = (detail.value?.records ?? [])
+    .map((record: any) => Number(record.totalScore))
+    .filter((value: number) => Number.isFinite(value))
+  if (!scores.length) return '—'
+  return (scores.reduce((sum: number, value: number) => sum + value, 0) / scores.length)
+    .toFixed(1)
+})
+const passRate = computed(() => {
+  const scores = (detail.value?.records ?? [])
+    .map((record: any) => Number(record.totalScore))
+    .filter((value: number) => Number.isFinite(value))
+  if (!scores.length) return '—'
+  return `${Math.round(scores.filter((value: number) => value >= 60).length / scores.length * 100)}%`
+})
+const transcriptGpa = computed(() => {
+  const numeric = transcript.value.records.filter((record: any) => record.gradePoint != null)
+  const credits = numeric.reduce((sum: number, record: any) => sum + Number(record.credits), 0)
+  if (!credits) return '—'
+  const points = numeric.reduce(
+    (sum: number, record: any) => sum + Number(record.gradePoint) * Number(record.credits),
+    0,
+  )
+  return (points / credits).toFixed(2)
+})
+const earnedCredits = computed(() =>
+  transcript.value.records
+    .filter((record: any) => Number(record.totalScore) >= 60)
+    .reduce((sum: number, record: any) => sum + Number(record.credits), 0))
+
+async function load() {
+  loading.value = true
+  try {
+    if (isStudent.value) {
+      transcript.value = (await http.get('/grades/student/transcript', {
+        params: { academicTermId: termId.value },
+      })).data
+      return
+    }
+    tasks.value = (await http.get('/grades/sheets', {
+      params: {
+        academicTermId: termId.value,
+        status: status.value,
+      },
+    })).data
+    const preferred = tasks.value.find((item) => item.id === selectedTask.value?.id)
+      ?? tasks.value[0]
+    if (preferred) await selectTask(preferred)
+    else {
+      selectedTask.value = null
+      detail.value = null
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+async function selectTask(task: any) {
+  selectedTask.value = task
+  detail.value = null
+  if (!task.sheet) return
+  detailLoading.value = true
+  try {
+    const response = (await http.get(`/grades/sheets/${task.sheet.id}`)).data
+    detail.value = response.sheet
+    detail.value.canEdit = response.canEdit
+    detail.value.canReview = response.canReview
+    detail.value.canPublish = response.canPublish
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    detailLoading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+function openCreate() {
+  Object.assign(createForm, {
+    regularWeight: 30,
+    midtermWeight: 0,
+    finalWeight: 70,
+  })
+  createDialog.value = true
+}
+
+async function createSheet() {
+  if (createForm.regularWeight + createForm.midtermWeight + createForm.finalWeight !== 100) {
+    ElMessage.warning('三个成绩分项的比例必须合计 100%。')
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    await http.post('/grades/sheets', {
+      teachingTaskId: selectedTask.value.id,
+      ...createForm,
+    })
+    createDialog.value = false
+    ElMessage.success('成绩登记册已建立')
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function saveRecords() {
+  try {
+    await http.put(`/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/records`, {
+      records: detail.value.records.map((record: any) => ({
+        id: record.id,
+        regularScore: record.regularScore,
+        midtermScore: record.midtermScore,
+        finalScore: record.finalScore,
+        examStatus: record.examStatus,
+        notes: record.notes,
+      })),
+    })
+    ElMessage.success('成绩已保存并重新计算总评')
+    await selectTask(selectedTask.value)
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function submitSheet() {
+  try {
+    await ElMessageBox.confirm(
+      '提交后成绩将锁定并进入学院审核，确认所有学生成绩已经核对？',
+      '提交成绩',
+      { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: '确认提交', cancelButtonText: '继续检查' },
+    )
+    await http.post(`/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/submit`)
+    ElMessage.success('成绩单已提交审核')
+    await load()
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error !== 'cancel' && error !== 'close') ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function approveSheet() {
+  try {
+    await http.post(`/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/approve`)
+    ElMessage.success('成绩单已通过审核')
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+function openReturn() {
+  returnComment.value = ''
+  returnDialog.value = true
+}
+
+async function returnSheet() {
+  if (!returnComment.value.trim()) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请填写需要教师修改的具体内容。')
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    await http.post(`/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/return`, {
+      comment: returnComment.value,
+    })
+    returnDialog.value = false
+    ElMessage.success('成绩单已退回教师修改')
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function publishSheet() {
+  try {
+    await ElMessageBox.confirm(
+      '发布后学生即可查看成绩，当前版本将锁定。确定发布？',
+      '发布成绩',
+      { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: '确认发布', cancelButtonText: '取消' },
+    )
+    await http.post(`/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/publish`)
+    ElMessage.success('成绩已向学生发布')
+    await load()
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error !== 'cancel' && error !== 'close') ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+function scoreClass(score: number | null) {
+  if (score == null) return 'pending'
+  if (score < 60) return 'failed'
+  if (score >= 90) return 'excellent'
+  return ''
+}
+
+onMounted(async () => {
+  try {
+    terms.value = (await http.get('/base-data/terms')).data
+    termId.value = terms.value.find((item) => item.isCurrent)?.id
+    await load()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+})
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="page-stack grade-page">
+    <section class="page-intro">
+      <div>
+        <span class="section-kicker">ACADEMIC RECORD</span>
+        <h2>{{ isStudent ? '学业成绩单' : '成绩管理' }}</h2>
+        <p v-if="isStudent">查看学校已正式发布的课程成绩、学分与绩点。</p>
+        <p v-else>从教师登记、学院复核到校级发布，保留每张成绩单的明确状态。</p>
+      </div>
+      <el-button :icon="Refresh" @click="load">刷新</el-button>
+    </section>
+
+    <template v-if="isStudent">
+      <section class="transcript-identity">
+        <div>
+          <span>STUDENT TRANSCRIPT</span>
+          <h3>{{ transcript.student?.name ?? '学生' }}</h3>
+          <p>{{ transcript.student?.studentNumber }} · {{ transcript.student?.majorName }} · {{ transcript.student?.className }}</p>
+        </div>
+        <label>
+          <span>查看学期</span>
+          <el-select v-model="termId" clearable placeholder="全部学期" @change="load">
+            <el-option v-for="term in terms" :key="term.id" :label="term.name" :value="term.id" />
+          </el-select>
+        </label>
+      </section>
+
+      <section class="transcript-ribbon">
+        <div><span>已发布课程</span><b>{{ transcript.records.length }}</b><small>门</small></div>
+        <div><span>获得学分</span><b>{{ earnedCredits }}</b><small>分</small></div>
+        <div><span>加权平均绩点</span><b>{{ transcriptGpa }}</b><small>GPA</small></div>
+      </section>
+
+      <section class="transcript-list" v-loading="loading">
+        <article v-for="record in transcript.records" :key="record.id">
+          <div class="transcript-course">
+            <span>{{ record.termName }}</span>
+            <h3>{{ record.courseName }}</h3>
+            <p>{{ record.courseCode }} · {{ record.taskNumber }} · {{ record.credits }} 学分</p>
+          </div>
+          <div class="grade-scale">
+            <i v-for="tick in 11" :key="tick" />
+            <span
+              v-if="record.totalScore != null"
+              :class="scoreClass(record.totalScore)"
+              :style="{ left: `${record.totalScore}%` }"
+            >{{ record.totalScore }}</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="transcript-result">
+            <span>{{ examStatusLabels[record.examStatus] }}</span>
+            <b v-if="record.totalScore != null">{{ record.totalScore }}</b>
+            <b v-else>—</b>
+            <small>绩点 {{ record.gradePoint ?? '—' }}</small>
+          </div>
+        </article>
+        <el-empty v-if="!transcript.records.length" description="当前范围内暂无已发布成绩" />
+      </section>
+    </template>
+
+    <template v-else>
+      <section class="grade-toolbar">
+        <el-select v-model="termId" clearable placeholder="全部学期" @change="load">
+          <el-option v-for="term in terms" :key="term.id" :label="term.name" :value="term.id" />
+        </el-select>
+        <el-select v-model="status" clearable placeholder="全部状态" @change="load">
+          <el-option v-for="(label, value) in statusLabels" :key="value" :label="label" :value="value" />
+        </el-select>
+        <span>共 {{ tasks.length }} 个可管理教学班</span>
+      </section>
+
+      <section class="grade-workspace" v-loading="loading">
+        <aside class="grade-sheet-list">
+          <button
+            v-for="task in tasks"
+            :key="task.id"
+            type="button"
+            :class="{ active: selectedTask?.id === task.id }"
+            @click="selectTask(task)"
+          >
+            <span>{{ task.courseCode }} · {{ task.taskNumber }}</span>
+            <b>{{ task.courseName }}</b>
+            <small>{{ task.teacherNames.join('、') }} · {{ task.classNames.join('、') }}</small>
+            <i :class="task.sheet?.status?.toLowerCase()">
+              {{ task.sheet ? statusLabels[task.sheet.status] : '未建册' }}
+            </i>
+          </button>
+          <el-empty v-if="!tasks.length" description="没有可管理的教学班" />
+        </aside>
+
+        <main class="grade-register" v-loading="detailLoading">
+          <el-empty v-if="!selectedTask" description="请选择教学班" />
+          <section v-else-if="!selectedTask.sheet" class="grade-create-empty">
+            <el-icon><DocumentChecked /></el-icon>
+            <h3>{{ selectedTask.courseName }}</h3>
+            <p>{{ selectedTask.taskNumber }} 尚未建立成绩登记册。系统会从有效选课名单生成学生行。</p>
+            <el-button type="primary" :icon="Plus" @click="openCreate">建立成绩登记册</el-button>
+          </section>
+          <template v-else-if="detail">
+            <header class="grade-register-head">
+              <div>
+                <span>{{ detail.courseCode }} · {{ detail.taskNumber }}</span>
+                <h3>{{ detail.courseName }}成绩登记册</h3>
+                <p>{{ detail.termName }} · {{ detail.teacherNames.join('、') }} · {{ detail.classNames.join('、') }}</p>
+              </div>
+              <i :class="detail.status.toLowerCase()">{{ statusLabels[detail.status] }}</i>
+            </header>
+
+            <section class="grade-register-ruler">
+              <div><span>学生数</span><b>{{ detail.records.length }}</b></div>
+              <div><span>已完成</span><b>{{ completedCount }}</b></div>
+              <div><span>平均分</span><b>{{ averageScore }}</b></div>
+              <div><span>及格率</span><b>{{ passRate }}</b></div>
+              <p>
+                平时 {{ detail.regularWeight }}%
+                <template v-if="detail.midtermWeight"> · 期中 {{ detail.midtermWeight }}%</template>
+                · 期末 {{ detail.finalWeight }}%
+              </p>
+            </section>
+
+            <el-alert
+              v-if="detail.status === 'Returned'"
+              :title="`审核退回：${detail.reviewComment}`"
+              type="warning"
+              :closable="false"
+              show-icon
+            />
+
+            <div class="grade-table-scroll">
+              <el-table :data="detail.records" class="data-table grade-entry-table">
+                <el-table-column label="学生" fixed min-width="165">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <div class="record-name">
+                      <b>{{ row.name }}</b>
+                      <span>{{ row.studentNumber }} · {{ row.className }}</span>
+                    </div>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column :label="`平时 ${detail.regularWeight}%`" width="125">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <el-input-number
+                      v-if="detail.canEdit && row.examStatus === 'Normal'"
+                      v-model="row.regularScore"
+                      :min="0"
+                      :max="100"
+                      :controls="false"
+                    />
+                    <span v-else>{{ row.regularScore ?? '—' }}</span>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column v-if="detail.midtermWeight" :label="`期中 ${detail.midtermWeight}%`" width="125">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <el-input-number
+                      v-if="detail.canEdit && row.examStatus === 'Normal'"
+                      v-model="row.midtermScore"
+                      :min="0"
+                      :max="100"
+                      :controls="false"
+                    />
+                    <span v-else>{{ row.midtermScore ?? '—' }}</span>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column :label="`期末 ${detail.finalWeight}%`" width="125">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <el-input-number
+                      v-if="detail.canEdit && row.examStatus === 'Normal'"
+                      v-model="row.finalScore"
+                      :min="0"
+                      :max="100"
+                      :controls="false"
+                    />
+                    <span v-else>{{ row.finalScore ?? '—' }}</span>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column label="总评" width="90">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <b class="total-score" :class="scoreClass(row.totalScore)">{{ row.totalScore ?? '—' }}</b>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column label="考试状态" width="125">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <el-select v-if="detail.canEdit" v-model="row.examStatus">
+                      <el-option v-for="(label, value) in examStatusLabels" :key="value" :label="label" :value="value" />
+                    </el-select>
+                    <span v-else>{{ examStatusLabels[row.examStatus] }}</span>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+                <el-table-column label="备注" min-width="150">
+                  <template #default="{ row }">
+                    <el-input v-if="detail.canEdit" v-model="row.notes" maxlength="300" />
+                    <span v-else>{{ row.notes || '—' }}</span>
+                  </template>
+                </el-table-column>
+              </el-table>
+            </div>
+
+            <footer class="grade-actions">
+              <div>
+                <span>当前流程</span>
+                <b>{{ statusLabels[detail.status] }}</b>
+              </div>
+              <el-button v-if="detail.canEdit" :icon="EditPen" @click="saveRecords">保存成绩</el-button>
+              <el-button v-if="detail.canEdit" type="primary" :icon="Promotion" @click="submitSheet">提交审核</el-button>
+              <el-button v-if="detail.canReview" type="danger" plain @click="openReturn">退回修改</el-button>
+              <el-button v-if="detail.canReview" type="success" :icon="Check" @click="approveSheet">审核通过</el-button>
+              <el-button v-if="detail.canPublish" type="primary" :icon="Promotion" @click="publishSheet">发布成绩</el-button>
+            </footer>
+          </template>
+        </main>
+      </section>
+    </template>
+
+    <el-dialog v-model="createDialog" title="建立成绩登记册" width="560px">
+      <el-alert title="成绩构成比例合计必须为 100%" type="info" :closable="false" />
+      <el-form label-position="top" class="grade-weight-form">
+        <div class="form-grid three">
+          <el-form-item label="平时成绩">
+            <el-input-number v-model="createForm.regularWeight" :min="0" :max="100" />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="期中成绩">
+            <el-input-number v-model="createForm.midtermWeight" :min="0" :max="100" />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="期末成绩">
+            <el-input-number v-model="createForm.finalWeight" :min="0" :max="100" />
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+      </el-form>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="createDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="createSheet">建立登记册</el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
+
+    <el-dialog v-model="returnDialog" title="退回成绩单" width="560px">
+      <el-form label-position="top">
+        <el-form-item label="修改意见" required>
+          <el-input v-model="returnComment" type="textarea" :rows="4" maxlength="500" show-word-limit />
+        </el-form-item>
+      </el-form>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="returnDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button type="danger" @click="returnSheet">确认退回</el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
+  </div>
+</template>