已按“实验成绩独立管理”完成修改。

每个实验项目独立建成绩单，支持评分项、参与状态、补做次数、安全违规、报告地址和教师评语。
流程为：录入 → 学院审核 → 教务发布；学生只能查看已发布成绩。
自主预约实验支持同步有效预约名单，已评分记录不会被误删。
课程成绩可将已发布实验成绩汇总为快照导入指定分项；导入后锁定，不能手工篡改。
实验项目成绩不完整时，对应课程分项保持空白，不按 0 分处理。
一级“实验管理”菜单下增加“项目与场次”“实验成绩”；学生端增加“实验安排”“实验成绩”。
已生成 MySQL 正式迁移及 SQLite 开发迁移，尚未操作生产数据库。
界面采用“实验项目 → 独立评分 → 审核发布”工作台设计。

web/src/views/GradesView.vue

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ const taskTotal = ref(0)
 const recordKeyword = ref('')
 const recordPage = ref(1)
 const recordPageSize = 50
+const experimentGradeItemId = ref('')
 const createForm = reactive({
   regularWeight: 30,
   finalWeight: 70,
@@ -186,6 +187,12 @@ async function loadDetail() {
     detail.value.canEdit = response.canEdit
     detail.value.canReview = response.canReview
     detail.value.canPublish = response.canPublish
+    if (!detail.value.items?.some((item: any) => item.id === experimentGradeItemId.value)) {
+      experimentGradeItemId.value =
+        detail.value.items?.find((item: any) => item.name.includes('实验'))?.id
+        ?? detail.value.items?.[0]?.id
+        ?? ''
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
   } finally {
@@ -254,6 +261,29 @@ async function saveRecords() {
   }
 }
 
+async function importExperimentScores() {
+  if (!experimentGradeItemId.value) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请先选择用于承接实验成绩的课程成绩项。')
+    return
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = (await http.post(
+      `/grades/sheets/${detail.value.id}/import-experiment-scores`,
+      { gradeItemId: experimentGradeItemId.value },
+    )).data
+    const missingHint = result.missingCount > 0
+      ? `；${result.missingCount} 名学生因实验成绩尚未完整发布而保持空白`
+      : ''
+    ElMessage.success(
+      `已从 ${result.publishedProjectCount} 个实验项目导入 ${result.importedCount} 名学生的成绩快照${missingHint}`,
+    )
+    await loadDetail()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
 async function submitSheet() {
   try {
     await ElMessageBox.confirm(
@@ -583,17 +613,20 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                 <el-table-column
                   v-for="item in detail.items"
                   :key="item.id"
-                  :label="`${item.name} ${item.weight}%`"
-                  width="110"
+                  :label="`${item.name} ${item.weight}%${item.sourceType === 'ExperimentSummary' ? ' · 实验快照' : ''}`"
+                  :width="item.sourceType === 'ExperimentSummary' ? 150 : 110"
                 >
                   <template #default="{ row }">
                     <el-input-number
-                      v-if="detail.canEdit && row.examStatus === 'Normal'"
+                      v-if="detail.canEdit && row.examStatus === 'Normal' && item.sourceType !== 'ExperimentSummary'"
                       :model-value="itemScore(row, item.id)?.score"
                       @update:model-value="(val: number | undefined) => { const found = itemScore(row, item.id); if (found) found.score = val }"
                       :min="0" :max="100" :controls="false" size="small"
                     />
-                    <span v-else>{{ itemScore(row, item.id)?.score ?? '—' }}</span>
+                    <span v-else class="item-score-readonly">
+                      {{ itemScore(row, item.id)?.score ?? '—' }}
+                      <small v-if="item.sourceType === 'ExperimentSummary'">已锁定</small>
+                    </span>
                   </template>
                 </el-table-column>
                 <el-table-column :label="`期末 ${detail.finalWeight}%`" width="110">
@@ -654,6 +687,21 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                 </small>
               </div>
               <div class="grade-actions-buttons">
+                <div v-if="detail.canEdit && detail.items?.length" class="experiment-import">
+                  <el-select
+                    v-model="experimentGradeItemId"
+                    placeholder="选择课程成绩项"
+                    aria-label="实验成绩导入目标"
+                  >
+                    <el-option
+                      v-for="item in detail.items"
+                      :key="item.id"
+                      :label="`${item.name} ${item.weight}%`"
+                      :value="item.id"
+                    />
+                  </el-select>
+                  <el-button :icon="Refresh" @click="importExperimentScores">导入实验成绩</el-button>
+                </div>
                 <el-button v-if="detail.canEdit" :icon="Download" @click="downloadTemplate">下载模板</el-button>
                 <el-button v-if="detail.canEdit" :icon="Upload" @click="chooseImportFile">Excel导入</el-button>
                 <el-button v-if="detail.canEdit" :icon="EditPen" @click="saveRecords">保存成绩</el-button>
@@ -765,6 +813,10 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 .workflow-status .college-hint { color: #6b4e16; font-weight: 600; }
 .grade-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid #e4e7ed; background: #fafbfc; }
 .grade-actions-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
+.experiment-import { display: flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; padding-right: 8px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
+.experiment-import .el-select { width: 165px; }
+.item-score-readonly { display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; line-height: 1.1; }
+.item-score-readonly small { margin-top: 3px; color: #2d8975; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 650; }
 .grade-toolbar > .el-input { width: min(320px, 100%); }
 .grade-task-pagination { justify-content: center; padding: 14px 8px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
 .grade-record-toolbar {
@@ -777,5 +829,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 @media (max-width: 760px) {
   .grade-record-toolbar > span { width: 100%; margin-left: 0; }
   .grade-record-pagination { justify-content: center; }
+  .experiment-import { width: 100%; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 8px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
+  .experiment-import .el-select { flex: 1; width: auto; }
 }
 </style>