已继续完成“学籍异动”后端基础闭环：

学生可申请休学、复学或退学。
自动根据当前状态推导目标学籍状态。
同一学生不能同时提交多项在审申请。
强制执行辅导员 → 学院 → 校级三级审核。
驳回不会修改学生档案。
只有校级最终批准才更新学籍状态。
数据范围分别限制到本人、所带班级、所属学院或全校。
SQLite 增量升级和 MySQL 迁移已生成。
当前 28 项测试继续全部通过。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/StudentStatusChangesController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Authorize]
+[Route("api/student-status-changes")]
+public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
+    AppDbContext db,
+    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope) : ControllerBase
+{
+    [HttpGet]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Get(CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var source = ScopedChanges().AsNoTracking();
+        return Ok(await source.OrderByDescending(x => x.SubmittedAt).Select(x => new
+        {
+            x.Id, x.StudentId, x.Student!.StudentNumber, x.Student.Name,
+            ClassName = x.Student.AdministrativeClass!.Name,
+            CollegeName = x.Student.AdministrativeClass.Major!.College!.Name,
+            x.Type, x.OriginalStatus, x.TargetStatus, x.Reason, x.State,
+            x.ReviewComment, x.SubmittedAt, x.ReviewedAt, x.ApprovedAt
+        }).ToListAsync(token));
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost]
+    [Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.Student)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(
+        StudentStatusChangeRequest request,
+        CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var userId = currentUserDataScope.Current.UserId;
+        var student = await db.Students.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.UserId == userId, token);
+        if (student is null) return ConflictProblem("当前账号未关联学生档案。");
+        var target = request.Type switch
+        {
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Suspension when student.Status == StudentStatus.Active =>
+                StudentStatus.Suspended,
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Resumption when student.Status == StudentStatus.Suspended =>
+                StudentStatus.Active,
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Withdrawal when student.Status is StudentStatus.Active or StudentStatus.Suspended =>
+                StudentStatus.Withdrawn,
+            _ => (StudentStatus?)null
+        };
+        if (!target.HasValue) return ConflictProblem("当前学籍状态不能申请该类异动。");
+        if (await db.StudentStatusChanges.AnyAsync(x => x.StudentId == student.Id &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Approved &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled, token))
+            return ConflictProblem("已有一项学籍异动正在审核中。");
+        var change = new StudentStatusChange
+        {
+            StudentId = student.Id, Type = request.Type,
+            OriginalStatus = student.Status, TargetStatus = target.Value,
+            Reason = request.Reason.Trim()
+        };
+        db.StudentStatusChanges.Add(change);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
+        return Created(string.Empty, new { change.Id });
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost("{id:guid}/review")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Review(
+        Guid id,
+        StudentStatusReviewRequest request,
+        CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var change = await ScopedChanges().Include(x => x.Student)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == id, token);
+        if (change is null) return NotFound();
+        var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
+        if (!request.Approved)
+        {
+            if (change.State is StudentStatusChangeState.Approved or
+                StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected or StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled)
+                return ConflictProblem("该申请已经结束。");
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected;
+            change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
+            change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        }
+        else if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted)
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved;
+        else if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved)
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved;
+        else if ((scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin) ||
+                  scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.SuperAdmin)) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved)
+        {
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Approved;
+            change.Student!.Status = change.TargetStatus;
+            change.ApprovedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        }
+        else return ConflictProblem("当前角色或审核阶段不允许执行该操作。");
+        change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
+        change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    private IQueryable<StudentStatusChange> ScopedChanges()
+    {
+        var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
+        var source = db.StudentStatusChanges.AsQueryable();
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Student))
+            return source.Where(x => x.Student!.UserId == scope.UserId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor))
+            return source.Where(x =>
+                x.Student!.AdministrativeClass!.CounselorUserId == scope.UserId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin))
+            return source.Where(x =>
+                x.Student!.AdministrativeClass!.Major!.CollegeId == scope.CollegeId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin) ||
+            scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.SuperAdmin)) return source;
+        return source.Where(_ => false);
+    }
+
+    private ActionResult ConflictProblem(string detail) => Conflict(new ProblemDetails
+    {
+        Title = "无法完成学籍异动操作", Detail = detail,
+        Status = StatusCodes.Status409Conflict
+    });
+}
+
+public sealed record StudentStatusChangeRequest(
+    StudentStatusChangeType Type,
+    [Required, MinLength(10), MaxLength(1000)] string Reason);
+
+public sealed record StudentStatusReviewRequest(
+    bool Approved,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Comment);

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/StudentStatusChange.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Common;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+
+public sealed class StudentStatusChange : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid StudentId { get; set; }
+    public Student? Student { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatusChangeType Type { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatus OriginalStatus { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatus TargetStatus { get; set; }
+    public required string Reason { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatusChangeState State { get; set; } =
+        StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted;
+    public string? ReviewComment { get; set; }
+    public DateTime SubmittedAt { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow;
+    public DateTime? ReviewedAt { get; set; }
+    public DateTime? ApprovedAt { get; set; }
+}
+
+public enum StudentStatusChangeType
+{
+    Suspension = 1,
+    Resumption = 2,
+    Withdrawal = 3
+}
+
+public enum StudentStatusChangeState
+{
+    Submitted = 1,
+    CounselorApproved = 2,
+    CollegeApproved = 3,
+    Approved = 4,
+    Rejected = 5,
+    Cancelled = 6
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
     public DbSet<ExamSession> ExamSessions => Set<ExamSession>();
     public DbSet<ExamSessionInvigilator> ExamSessionInvigilators =>
         Set<ExamSessionInvigilator>();
+    public DbSet<StudentStatusChange> StudentStatusChanges =>
+        Set<StudentStatusChange>();
     public DbSet<AuditLog> AuditLogs => Set<AuditLog>();
 
     protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
@@ -386,6 +388,14 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
             entity.HasOne(x => x.Teacher).WithMany()
                 .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeacherId).OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
         });
+        builder.Entity<StudentStatusChange>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.Reason).HasMaxLength(1000);
+            entity.Property(x => x.ReviewComment).HasMaxLength(500);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => new { x.StudentId, x.State });
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.Student).WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.StudentId).OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+        });
 
         builder.Entity<AuditLog>(entity =>
         {

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/DevelopmentSqliteMigrator.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
     private const string CourseSelectionMigration = "20260724_06_course_selection";
     private const string GradesMigration = "20260724_07_grades";
     private const string ExamsMigration = "20260724_08_exams";
+    private const string StudentStatusChangesMigration = "20260724_09_student_status_changes";
 
     public async Task MigrateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
@@ -70,6 +71,10 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
             GradesStatements,
             cancellationToken);
         await ApplyMigrationAsync(ExamsMigration, ExamsStatements, cancellationToken);
+        await ApplyMigrationAsync(
+            StudentStatusChangesMigration,
+            StudentStatusChangesStatements,
+            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     private async Task ApplyMigrationAsync(
@@ -614,4 +619,22 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
         """,
         """CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "IX_ExamSessionInvigilators_TeacherId" ON "ExamSessionInvigilators" ("TeacherId");"""
     ];
+
+    private static readonly string[] StudentStatusChangesStatements =
+    [
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "StudentStatusChanges" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_StudentStatusChanges" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "StudentId" TEXT NOT NULL, "Type" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "OriginalStatus" INTEGER NOT NULL, "TargetStatus" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "Reason" TEXT NOT NULL, "State" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "ReviewComment" TEXT NULL, "SubmittedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ReviewedAt" TEXT NULL, "ApprovedAt" TEXT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL, "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_StudentStatusChanges_Students_StudentId"
+              FOREIGN KEY ("StudentId") REFERENCES "Students" ("Id") ON DELETE RESTRICT
+        );
+        """,
+        """CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "IX_StudentStatusChanges_StudentId_State" ON "StudentStatusChanges" ("StudentId", "State");"""
+    ];
 }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/20260724074551_StudentStatusChanges.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class StudentStatusChanges : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "StudentStatusChanges",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    Id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    StudentId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    Type = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    OriginalStatus = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    TargetStatus = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    Reason = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(1000)", maxLength: 1000, nullable: false),
+                    State = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    ReviewComment = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(500)", maxLength: 500, nullable: true),
+                    SubmittedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    ReviewedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: true),
+                    ApprovedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: true),
+                    CreatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    UpdatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_StudentStatusChanges", x => x.Id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_StudentStatusChanges_Students_StudentId",
+                        column: x => x.StudentId,
+                        principalTable: "Students",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_StudentStatusChanges_StudentId_State",
+                table: "StudentStatusChanges",
+                columns: new[] { "StudentId", "State" });
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "StudentStatusChanges");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/AppDbContextModelSnapshot.cs

@@ -1054,6 +1054,58 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.ToTable("Students");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.StudentStatusChange", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime?>("ApprovedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("OriginalStatus")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("Reason")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(1000)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(1000)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("ReviewComment")
+                        .HasMaxLength(500)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(500)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime?>("ReviewedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("State")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("StudentId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("SubmittedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("TargetStatus")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("Type")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("StudentId", "State");
+
+                    b.ToTable("StudentStatusChanges");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Teacher", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("Id")
@@ -1784,6 +1836,17 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Navigation("AdministrativeClass");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.StudentStatusChange", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Student", "Student")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("StudentId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("Student");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Teacher", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.College", "College")