已继续完成“学籍异动”后端基础闭环：

学生可申请休学、复学或退学。
自动根据当前状态推导目标学籍状态。
同一学生不能同时提交多项在审申请。
强制执行辅导员 → 学院 → 校级三级审核。
驳回不会修改学生档案。
只有校级最终批准才更新学籍状态。
数据范围分别限制到本人、所带班级、所属学院或全校。
SQLite 增量升级和 MySQL 迁移已生成。
当前 28 项测试继续全部通过。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/StudentStatusChangesController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Authorize]
+[Route("api/student-status-changes")]
+public sealed class StudentStatusChangesController(
+    AppDbContext db,
+    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope) : ControllerBase
+{
+    [HttpGet]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Get(CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var source = ScopedChanges().AsNoTracking();
+        return Ok(await source.OrderByDescending(x => x.SubmittedAt).Select(x => new
+        {
+            x.Id, x.StudentId, x.Student!.StudentNumber, x.Student.Name,
+            ClassName = x.Student.AdministrativeClass!.Name,
+            CollegeName = x.Student.AdministrativeClass.Major!.College!.Name,
+            x.Type, x.OriginalStatus, x.TargetStatus, x.Reason, x.State,
+            x.ReviewComment, x.SubmittedAt, x.ReviewedAt, x.ApprovedAt
+        }).ToListAsync(token));
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost]
+    [Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.Student)]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(
+        StudentStatusChangeRequest request,
+        CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var userId = currentUserDataScope.Current.UserId;
+        var student = await db.Students.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.UserId == userId, token);
+        if (student is null) return ConflictProblem("当前账号未关联学生档案。");
+        var target = request.Type switch
+        {
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Suspension when student.Status == StudentStatus.Active =>
+                StudentStatus.Suspended,
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Resumption when student.Status == StudentStatus.Suspended =>
+                StudentStatus.Active,
+            StudentStatusChangeType.Withdrawal when student.Status is StudentStatus.Active or StudentStatus.Suspended =>
+                StudentStatus.Withdrawn,
+            _ => (StudentStatus?)null
+        };
+        if (!target.HasValue) return ConflictProblem("当前学籍状态不能申请该类异动。");
+        if (await db.StudentStatusChanges.AnyAsync(x => x.StudentId == student.Id &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Approved &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected &&
+                x.State != StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled, token))
+            return ConflictProblem("已有一项学籍异动正在审核中。");
+        var change = new StudentStatusChange
+        {
+            StudentId = student.Id, Type = request.Type,
+            OriginalStatus = student.Status, TargetStatus = target.Value,
+            Reason = request.Reason.Trim()
+        };
+        db.StudentStatusChanges.Add(change);
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
+        return Created(string.Empty, new { change.Id });
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost("{id:guid}/review")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> Review(
+        Guid id,
+        StudentStatusReviewRequest request,
+        CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        var change = await ScopedChanges().Include(x => x.Student)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == id, token);
+        if (change is null) return NotFound();
+        var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
+        if (!request.Approved)
+        {
+            if (change.State is StudentStatusChangeState.Approved or
+                StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected or StudentStatusChangeState.Cancelled)
+                return ConflictProblem("该申请已经结束。");
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Rejected;
+            change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
+            change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        }
+        else if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted)
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved;
+        else if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CounselorApproved)
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved;
+        else if ((scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin) ||
+                  scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.SuperAdmin)) &&
+                 change.State == StudentStatusChangeState.CollegeApproved)
+        {
+            change.State = StudentStatusChangeState.Approved;
+            change.Student!.Status = change.TargetStatus;
+            change.ApprovedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        }
+        else return ConflictProblem("当前角色或审核阶段不允许执行该操作。");
+        change.ReviewComment = request.Comment?.Trim();
+        change.ReviewedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(token);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    private IQueryable<StudentStatusChange> ScopedChanges()
+    {
+        var scope = currentUserDataScope.Current;
+        var source = db.StudentStatusChanges.AsQueryable();
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Student))
+            return source.Where(x => x.Student!.UserId == scope.UserId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.Counselor))
+            return source.Where(x =>
+                x.Student!.AdministrativeClass!.CounselorUserId == scope.UserId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.CollegeAdmin))
+            return source.Where(x =>
+                x.Student!.AdministrativeClass!.Major!.CollegeId == scope.CollegeId);
+        if (scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin) ||
+            scope.IsInRole(SystemRoles.SuperAdmin)) return source;
+        return source.Where(_ => false);
+    }
+
+    private ActionResult ConflictProblem(string detail) => Conflict(new ProblemDetails
+    {
+        Title = "无法完成学籍异动操作", Detail = detail,
+        Status = StatusCodes.Status409Conflict
+    });
+}
+
+public sealed record StudentStatusChangeRequest(
+    StudentStatusChangeType Type,
+    [Required, MinLength(10), MaxLength(1000)] string Reason);
+
+public sealed record StudentStatusReviewRequest(
+    bool Approved,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Comment);

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/StudentStatusChange.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Common;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+
+public sealed class StudentStatusChange : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid StudentId { get; set; }
+    public Student? Student { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatusChangeType Type { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatus OriginalStatus { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatus TargetStatus { get; set; }
+    public required string Reason { get; set; }
+    public StudentStatusChangeState State { get; set; } =
+        StudentStatusChangeState.Submitted;
+    public string? ReviewComment { get; set; }
+    public DateTime SubmittedAt { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow;
+    public DateTime? ReviewedAt { get; set; }
+    public DateTime? ApprovedAt { get; set; }
+}
+
+public enum StudentStatusChangeType
+{
+    Suspension = 1,
+    Resumption = 2,
+    Withdrawal = 3
+}
+
+public enum StudentStatusChangeState
+{
+    Submitted = 1,
+    CounselorApproved = 2,
+    CollegeApproved = 3,
+    Approved = 4,
+    Rejected = 5,
+    Cancelled = 6
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
     public DbSet<ExamSession> ExamSessions => Set<ExamSession>();
     public DbSet<ExamSessionInvigilator> ExamSessionInvigilators =>
         Set<ExamSessionInvigilator>();
+    public DbSet<StudentStatusChange> StudentStatusChanges =>
+        Set<StudentStatusChange>();
     public DbSet<AuditLog> AuditLogs => Set<AuditLog>();
 
     protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
@@ -386,6 +388,14 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
             entity.HasOne(x => x.Teacher).WithMany()
                 .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeacherId).OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
         });
+        builder.Entity<StudentStatusChange>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.Reason).HasMaxLength(1000);
+            entity.Property(x => x.ReviewComment).HasMaxLength(500);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => new { x.StudentId, x.State });
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.Student).WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.StudentId).OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+        });
 
         builder.Entity<AuditLog>(entity =>
         {