自动排课：保留手工安排，按教师、行政班、周次、节次、容量和场地约束补排。

课程约束：可限定校区、教学楼、指定教室、允许上课日、最早/最晚节次。
无教室课程：教室可为空，但仍校验教师和班级冲突。
作息维护：按学期维护节次、上下课时间和启用状态。
发布保护：发布前重新检查全部约束，并阻止学时未排满的课表发布。
工作台升级：增加“排课规则与作息”“自动排课”入口，自动生成后仍支持手工微调。
同时兼容 SQLite 和 MySQL，已生成正式迁移。

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 面向普通高校的教务管理系统。后端使用 ASP.NET Core 10、EF Core 10，前端使用 Vue 3、TypeScript 和 Element Plus。
 
-当前已实现系统登录与角色权限、基础数据、用户管理、教师档案、学生档案、课程库、培养方案、教学任务、排课课表、学生选课、成绩管理、考试考场、学籍异动、毕业审核、学位授予、毕业离校和首页统计。人员及课程列表支持组合筛选、服务端分页和完整增删改查；培养方案支持课程模块、专业年级版本、复制新版本、发布锁定和旧版本归档；教学任务支持学期课程开设、多教师、合班、容量校验、发布与结课；排课支持单双周、周次节次、教室容量、教师/行政班/教室冲突校验和版本化发布；选课支持批次时间窗、投放范围、容量与学分上限、重复课程与课表冲突校验、退课截止时间和实时教学班名单；成绩管理支持分项比例、批量录入、特殊考试状态、自动总评与绩点、教师提交、学院审核、校级发布和学生成绩单；考试管理支持考试计划、场次、考场容量、监考教师、考生名单以及考场/监考/学生时间冲突校验；学籍异动支持休学、复学、退学申请，辅导员、学院、学校三级顺序审核，学生撤回，以及最终审批后自动同步学籍状态；毕业审核按入学年级匹配已发布培养方案，以正式成绩计算总学分、必修通过和未解决不及格课程，支持学院范围查看、人工复核、校级锁定发布和学生结果查询；学位授予以已发布毕业资格为来源，按正式成绩加权平均绩点生成规则结论，支持学院人工复核、校级发布锁定和学生结果查询；毕业离校支持自定义事项与责任部门，按校级、学院、辅导员角色分工办理，强制数据范围校验，学生进度查询，以及必办事项全部完成后的批次锁定。
+当前已实现系统登录与角色权限、基础数据、用户管理、教师档案、学生档案、课程库、培养方案、教学任务、排课课表、学生选课、成绩管理、考试考场、学籍异动、毕业审核、学位授予、毕业离校和首页统计。人员及课程列表支持组合筛选、服务端分页和完整增删改查；培养方案支持课程模块、专业年级版本、复制新版本、发布锁定和旧版本归档；教学任务支持学期课程开设、多教师、合班、容量校验、发布与结课；排课支持学期作息维护、单双周与周次节次、课程可用时间、校区/教学楼/指定教室约束、不占用教室课程、教室容量、教师/行政班/教室冲突校验、自动生成、手工微调和版本化发布；选课支持批次时间窗、投放范围、容量与学分上限、重复课程与课表冲突校验、退课截止时间和实时教学班名单；成绩管理支持分项比例、批量录入、特殊考试状态、自动总评与绩点、教师提交、学院审核、校级发布和学生成绩单；考试管理支持考试计划、场次、考场容量、监考教师、考生名单以及考场/监考/学生时间冲突校验；学籍异动支持休学、复学、退学申请，辅导员、学院、学校三级顺序审核，学生撤回，以及最终审批后自动同步学籍状态；毕业审核按入学年级匹配已发布培养方案，以正式成绩计算总学分、必修通过和未解决不及格课程，支持学院范围查看、人工复核、校级锁定发布和学生结果查询；学位授予以已发布毕业资格为来源，按正式成绩加权平均绩点生成规则结论，支持学院人工复核、校级发布锁定和学生结果查询；毕业离校支持自定义事项与责任部门，按校级、学院、辅导员角色分工办理，强制数据范围校验，学生进度查询，以及必办事项全部完成后的批次锁定。
 
 权限采用后端强制校验的角色与数据范围模型。多角色账号按 `All > College > Class > Self` 取最高数据范围：校级角色可访问全校数据，院系管理员限定本学院，辅导员通过稳定的账号 ID 绑定所带行政班，教师和学生限定本人及当前教学关系；前端菜单和路由限制仅作为交互辅助，不替代 API 授权。
 

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/BaseDataController.cs

@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ public sealed class BaseDataController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             .Select(x => new
             {
                 x.Id, x.Code, x.Name, x.BuildingId,
+                CampusId = x.Building!.CampusId,
                 BuildingName = x.Building!.Name,
                 CampusName = x.Building.Campus!.Name,
                 x.Capacity, x.RoomType, x.Equipment, x.IsEnabled, x.SortOrder

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/CourseSelectionsController.cs

@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ public sealed class CourseSelectionsController(
                         entry.StartWeek,
                         entry.EndWeek,
                         entry.WeekPattern,
-                        entry.Classroom!.Name))
+                        entry.Classroom == null ? "不占用教室" : entry.Classroom.Name))
                     .ToList()))
             .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
 

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ScheduleSettingsController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," + SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin)]
+[Route("api/schedules")]
+public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
+{
+    [HttpGet("time-slots")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetTimeSlots(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+        Ok(await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .Select(x => new
+            {
+                x.Id,
+                x.PeriodNumber,
+                x.Name,
+                StartsAt = x.StartsAt.ToString("HH:mm"),
+                EndsAt = x.EndsAt.ToString("HH:mm"),
+                x.IsEnabled
+            })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken));
+
+    [HttpPut("time-slots/{academicTermId:guid}")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ReplaceTimeSlots(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        IReadOnlyList<ScheduleTimeSlotRequest> requests,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (!await db.AcademicTerms.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == academicTermId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("学期不存在或已停用。");
+        if (requests.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("上课时间表至少需要一个节次。");
+        if (requests.Select(x => x.PeriodNumber).Distinct().Count() != requests.Count)
+            return ValidationProblem("节次编号不能重复。");
+        if (requests.Any(x => x.StartsAt >= x.EndsAt))
+            return ValidationProblem("每个节次的上课时间必须早于下课时间。");
+        var ordered = requests.OrderBy(x => x.StartsAt).ToList();
+        if (ordered.Zip(ordered.Skip(1)).Any(pair => pair.First.EndsAt > pair.Second.StartsAt))
+            return ValidationProblem("上课时间段不能相互重叠。");
+
+        var existing = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        db.ScheduleTimeSlots.RemoveRange(existing);
+        db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(requests.Select(request => new ScheduleTimeSlot
+        {
+            AcademicTermId = academicTermId,
+            PeriodNumber = request.PeriodNumber,
+            Name = request.Name.Trim(),
+            StartsAt = request.StartsAt,
+            EndsAt = request.EndsAt,
+            IsEnabled = request.IsEnabled
+        }));
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    [HttpGet("constraints")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetConstraints(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var tasks = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .Select(x => new
+            {
+                x.Id,
+                x.TaskNumber,
+                x.Name,
+                CourseName = x.Course!.Name,
+                TeacherNames = x.Teachers
+                    .OrderByDescending(item => item.IsPrimary)
+                    .Select(item => item.Teacher!.Name),
+                x.Capacity,
+                x.WeeklyHours
+            })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var taskIds = tasks.Select(x => x.Id).ToList();
+        var constraints = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => taskIds.Contains(x.TeachingTaskId))
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(tasks.Select(task =>
+        {
+            constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
+            return new
+            {
+                task.Id,
+                task.TaskNumber,
+                task.Name,
+                task.CourseName,
+                task.TeacherNames,
+                task.Capacity,
+                task.WeeklyHours,
+                RequiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true,
+                constraint?.RequiredCampusId,
+                constraint?.RequiredBuildingId,
+                AllowedDayOfWeeks = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks),
+                constraint?.EarliestPeriod,
+                constraint?.LatestPeriod,
+                AllowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+                    .Select(x => x.ClassroomId) ?? []
+            };
+        }));
+    }
+
+    [HttpPut("constraints/{teachingTaskId:guid}")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> SaveConstraint(
+        Guid teachingTaskId,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Any(day => day is < 1 or > 7))
+            return ValidationProblem("允许上课日必须位于星期一至星期日。");
+        if (request.EarliestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.LatestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.EarliestPeriod > request.LatestPeriod)
+            return ValidationProblem("最早节次不能晚于最晚节次。");
+        var task = await db.TeachingTasks
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == teachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        if (task is null) return NotFound();
+
+        Building? building = null;
+        if (request.RequiredBuildingId.HasValue)
+        {
+            building = await db.Buildings.AsNoTracking()
+                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+                    x => x.Id == request.RequiredBuildingId && x.IsEnabled,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            if (building is null) return ValidationProblem("指定教学楼不存在或已停用。");
+            if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+                building.CampusId != request.RequiredCampusId)
+                return ValidationProblem("指定教学楼不属于所选校区。");
+        }
+        if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+            !await db.Campuses.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == request.RequiredCampusId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定校区不存在或已停用。");
+
+        var allowedRooms = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => request.AllowedClassroomIds.Contains(x.Id) && x.IsEnabled)
+            .Include(x => x.Building)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (allowedRooms.Count != request.AllowedClassroomIds.Distinct().Count())
+            return ValidationProblem("部分指定教室不存在或已停用。");
+        if (building is not null && allowedRooms.Any(x => x.BuildingId != building.Id))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定教室必须位于所选教学楼。");
+        if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+            allowedRooms.Any(x => x.Building!.CampusId != request.RequiredCampusId))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定教室必须位于所选校区。");
+
+        var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId == teachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        if (constraint is null)
+        {
+            constraint = new TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint { TeachingTaskId = teachingTaskId };
+            db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.Add(constraint);
+        }
+        constraint.RequiresClassroom = request.RequiresClassroom;
+        constraint.RequiredCampusId = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.RequiredCampusId
+            : null;
+        constraint.RequiredBuildingId = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.RequiredBuildingId
+            : null;
+        constraint.AllowedDayOfWeeks = request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Count == 0
+            ? null
+            : string.Join(',', request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Distinct().Order());
+        constraint.EarliestPeriod = request.EarliestPeriod;
+        constraint.LatestPeriod = request.LatestPeriod;
+        db.TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedClassrooms);
+        constraint.AllowedClassrooms = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.AllowedClassroomIds.Distinct().Select(classroomId =>
+                new TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom { ClassroomId = classroomId }).ToList()
+            : [];
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    private static int[] ParseDays(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? []
+            : value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                .Select(int.Parse)
+                .ToArray();
+}
+
+public sealed record ScheduleTimeSlotRequest(
+    [Range(1, 30)] int PeriodNumber,
+    [Required, MaxLength(40)] string Name,
+    TimeOnly StartsAt,
+    TimeOnly EndsAt,
+    bool IsEnabled);
+
+public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest(
+    bool RequiresClassroom,
+    Guid? RequiredCampusId,
+    Guid? RequiredBuildingId,
+    IReadOnlyList<Guid> AllowedClassroomIds,
+    IReadOnlyList<int> AllowedDayOfWeeks,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? EarliestPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? LatestPeriod);

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/SchedulesController.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [ApiController]
 [Authorize(Roles = ManagementRoles)]
 [Route("api/schedules")]
-public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
+public sealed class SchedulesController(
+    AppDbContext db,
+    AutomaticScheduleGenerator scheduleGenerator) : ControllerBase
 {
     private const string ManagementRoles =
         SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -76,9 +78,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
                         ClassNames = entry.TeachingTask.Classes
                             .Select(item => item.AdministrativeClass!.Name),
                         entry.ClassroomId,
-                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom!.Name,
-                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
-                        CampusName = entry.Classroom.Building.Campus!.Name,
+                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Name,
+                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
+                        CampusName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Campus!.Name,
                         entry.DayOfWeek,
                         entry.StartPeriod,
                         entry.PeriodCount,
@@ -194,6 +202,41 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         if (plan.Entries.Count == 0)
             return ConflictProblem("排课版本中至少需要一条课表安排。");
 
+        foreach (var entry in plan.Entries)
+        {
+            var validation = await ValidateEntryAsync(
+                plan,
+                entry.Id,
+                new ScheduleEntryRequest(
+                    entry.TeachingTaskId,
+                    entry.ClassroomId,
+                    entry.DayOfWeek,
+                    entry.StartPeriod,
+                    entry.PeriodCount,
+                    entry.StartWeek,
+                    entry.EndWeek,
+                    entry.WeekPattern,
+                    entry.Notes),
+                cancellationToken);
+            if (validation is not null) return validation;
+        }
+
+        var requiredTasks = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.TaskNumber, x.Name, x.WeeklyHours })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var scheduledHours = plan.Entries
+            .GroupBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Sum(x => x.PeriodCount));
+        var incomplete = requiredTasks.FirstOrDefault(task =>
+            !scheduledHours.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var hours) ||
+            hours < task.WeeklyHours);
+        if (incomplete is not null)
+            return ConflictProblem(
+                $"{incomplete.TaskNumber} · {incomplete.Name} 尚未达到每周 {incomplete.WeeklyHours} 学时，不能发布。");
+
         var conflict = ScheduleConflictDetector.FindConflict(plan.Entries.ToList());
         if (conflict is not null) return ConflictProblem(conflict);
 
@@ -227,6 +270,17 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         return await SaveAsync(entry.Id, true, cancellationToken);
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("plans/{planId:guid}/auto-schedule")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> AutoSchedule(
+        Guid planId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var plan = await DraftPlanAsync(planId, cancellationToken);
+        if (plan is null) return NotFound();
+        var result = await scheduleGenerator.GenerateAsync(plan, cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(result);
+    }
+
     [HttpPut("plans/{planId:guid}/entries/{entryId:guid}")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateEntry(
         Guid planId,
@@ -286,8 +340,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
     {
         if (request.StartWeek > request.EndWeek)
             return ValidationProblem("开始周不能晚于结束周。");
-        if (request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > 12)
-            return ValidationProblem("结束节次不能超过第 12 节。");
+        var activePeriods = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
+            .Select(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (activePeriods.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("请先维护该学期的上课时间表。");
+        if (Enumerable.Range(request.StartPeriod, request.PeriodCount)
+            .Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选节次包含未启用或不存在的上课时间。");
 
         var task = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
             .Include(x => x.Teachers)
@@ -302,17 +363,55 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         if (request.StartWeek < task.StartWeek || request.EndWeek > task.EndWeek)
             return ValidationProblem("排课周次必须位于教学任务的授课周次内。");
 
-        var classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+        var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+                x => x.TeachingTaskId == request.TeachingTaskId,
+                cancellationToken);
+        var requiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true;
+        if (requiresClassroom && !request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程需要占用教室，请选择教室。");
+        if (!requiresClassroom && request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程已设置为不占用教室，请清空教室。");
+        var allowedDays = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
+        if (allowedDays.Count > 0 && !allowedDays.Contains(request.DayOfWeek))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选星期不在该教学任务允许的上课日内。");
+        if (constraint?.EarliestPeriod is int earliest &&
+            request.StartPeriod < earliest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最早只能从第 {earliest} 节开始。");
+        if (constraint?.LatestPeriod is int latest &&
+            request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > latest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最晚必须在第 {latest} 节结束。");
+
+        Classroom? classroom = null;
+        if (request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+        {
+            classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+                .Include(x => x.Building)
                 .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
                     x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
                     cancellationToken);
             if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredCampusId is Guid campusId &&
+                classroom.Building!.CampusId != campusId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的校区。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredBuildingId is Guid buildingId &&
+                classroom.BuildingId != buildingId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教学楼。");
+            var allowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+                .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
+                .ToHashSet() ?? [];
+            if (allowedClassroomIds.Count > 0 &&
+                !allowedClassroomIds.Contains(classroom.Id))
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教室范围内。");
+        }
         var studentCount = task.Classes.Sum(x =>
             x.AdministrativeClass!.Students.Count(student =>
                 student.Status == StudentStatus.Active));
-        if (studentCount > classroom.Capacity)
+        var requiredCapacity = Math.Max(task.Capacity, studentCount);
+        if (classroom is not null && requiredCapacity > classroom.Capacity)
             return ConflictProblem(
-                $"教室容量不足：教学班有 {studentCount} 名学生，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");
+                $"教室容量不足：教学任务容量为 {requiredCapacity} 人，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");
 
         var candidates = await db.ScheduleEntries.AsNoTracking()
             .Where(x =>
@@ -356,6 +455,13 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             Notes = Normalize(request.Notes)
         };
 
+    private static HashSet<int> ParseDays(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? []
+            : value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                .Select(int.Parse)
+                .ToHashSet();
+
     private async Task<ActionResult> SaveAsync(
         Guid id,
         bool created,
@@ -396,9 +502,9 @@ public sealed record CloneSchedulePlanRequest(
 
 public sealed record ScheduleEntryRequest(
     Guid TeachingTaskId,
-    Guid ClassroomId,
+    Guid? ClassroomId,
     [Range(1, 7)] int DayOfWeek,
-    [Range(1, 12)] int StartPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int StartPeriod,
     [Range(1, 6)] int PeriodCount,
     [Range(1, 30)] int StartWeek,
     [Range(1, 30)] int EndWeek,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/ScheduleEntities.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleEntry : EntityBase
     public SchedulePlan? SchedulePlan { get; set; }
     public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }
     public TeachingTask? TeachingTask { get; set; }
-    public Guid ClassroomId { get; set; }
+    public Guid? ClassroomId { get; set; }
     public Classroom? Classroom { get; set; }
     public int DayOfWeek { get; set; }
     public int StartPeriod { get; set; }
@@ -31,6 +31,40 @@ public sealed class ScheduleEntry : EntityBase
     public string? Notes { get; set; }
 }
 
+public sealed class ScheduleTimeSlot : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid AcademicTermId { get; set; }
+    public AcademicTerm? AcademicTerm { get; set; }
+    public int PeriodNumber { get; set; }
+    public required string Name { get; set; }
+    public TimeOnly StartsAt { get; set; }
+    public TimeOnly EndsAt { get; set; }
+    public bool IsEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+}
+
+public sealed class TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }
+    public TeachingTask? TeachingTask { get; set; }
+    public bool RequiresClassroom { get; set; } = true;
+    public Guid? RequiredCampusId { get; set; }
+    public Campus? RequiredCampus { get; set; }
+    public Guid? RequiredBuildingId { get; set; }
+    public Building? RequiredBuilding { get; set; }
+    public string? AllowedDayOfWeeks { get; set; }
+    public int? EarliestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public int? LatestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public ICollection<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> AllowedClassrooms { get; set; } = [];
+}
+
+public sealed class TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom
+{
+    public Guid TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId { get; set; }
+    public TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint { get; set; }
+    public Guid ClassroomId { get; set; }
+    public Classroom? Classroom { get; set; }
+}
+
 public enum SchedulePlanStatus
 {
     Draft = 1,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
     public DbSet<TeachingTaskClass> TeachingTaskClasses => Set<TeachingTaskClass>();
     public DbSet<SchedulePlan> SchedulePlans => Set<SchedulePlan>();
     public DbSet<ScheduleEntry> ScheduleEntries => Set<ScheduleEntry>();
+    public DbSet<ScheduleTimeSlot> ScheduleTimeSlots => Set<ScheduleTimeSlot>();
+    public DbSet<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint> TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints =>
+        Set<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>();
+    public DbSet<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms =>
+        Set<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom>();
     public DbSet<CourseSelectionRound> CourseSelectionRounds =>
         Set<CourseSelectionRound>();
     public DbSet<CourseSelectionOffering> CourseSelectionOfferings =>
@@ -293,6 +298,51 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
                 .WithMany()
                 .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
                 .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.Classroom)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.ClassroomId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<ScheduleTimeSlot>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.Name).HasMaxLength(40);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => new { x.AcademicTermId, x.PeriodNumber }).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.AcademicTerm)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.AcademicTermId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.AllowedDayOfWeeks).HasMaxLength(20);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => x.TeachingTaskId).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.TeachingTask)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.RequiredCampus)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.RequiredCampusId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.RequiredBuilding)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.RequiredBuildingId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.HasKey(x => new
+            {
+                x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId,
+                x.ClassroomId
+            });
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint)
+                .WithMany(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
             entity.HasOne(x => x.Classroom)
                 .WithMany()
                 .HasForeignKey(x => x.ClassroomId)

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/DevelopmentSqliteMigrator.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
     private const string DegreeAwardsMigration = "20260724_11_degree_awards";
     private const string GraduationClearanceMigration = "20260724_12_graduation_clearance";
     private const string CourseCategoriesMigration = "20260724_13_course_categories";
+    private const string SchedulingOptimizationMigration =
+        "20260724_14_scheduling_optimization";
 
     public async Task MigrateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
@@ -107,6 +109,18 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
                         "ALTER TABLE", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 : CourseCategoriesStatements,
             cancellationToken);
+        var schedulingOptimizationExists = await db.Database
+            .SqlQueryRaw<int>(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Value"
+                FROM sqlite_master
+                WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'ScheduleTimeSlots'
+                """)
+            .AnyAsync(value => value > 0, cancellationToken);
+        await ApplyMigrationAsync(
+            SchedulingOptimizationMigration,
+            schedulingOptimizationExists ? [] : SchedulingOptimizationStatements,
+            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     private async Task ApplyMigrationAsync(
@@ -814,4 +828,129 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
             ON "Courses" ("CourseCategoryId");
         """
     ];
+
+    private static readonly string[] SchedulingOptimizationStatements =
+    [
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "ScheduleEntries_New" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_ScheduleEntries" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "SchedulePlanId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "TeachingTaskId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ClassroomId" TEXT NULL,
+            "DayOfWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "StartPeriod" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "PeriodCount" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "StartWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "EndWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "WeekPattern" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "Notes" TEXT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_SchedulePlans_SchedulePlanId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("SchedulePlanId") REFERENCES "SchedulePlans" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskId") REFERENCES "TeachingTasks" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("ClassroomId") REFERENCES "Classrooms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE SET NULL
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        INSERT INTO "ScheduleEntries_New"
+        SELECT "Id", "SchedulePlanId", "TeachingTaskId", "ClassroomId",
+               "DayOfWeek", "StartPeriod", "PeriodCount", "StartWeek", "EndWeek",
+               "WeekPattern", "Notes", "CreatedAt", "UpdatedAt"
+        FROM "ScheduleEntries";
+        """,
+        """DROP TABLE "ScheduleEntries";""",
+        """ALTER TABLE "ScheduleEntries_New" RENAME TO "ScheduleEntries";""",
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_SchedulePlanId_DayOfWeek_StartPeriod"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("SchedulePlanId", "DayOfWeek", "StartPeriod");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_TeachingTaskId"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("TeachingTaskId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_ClassroomId"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("ClassroomId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "ScheduleTimeSlots" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_ScheduleTimeSlots" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "AcademicTermId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "PeriodNumber" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "Name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "StartsAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "EndsAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "IsEnabled" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTerms_AcademicTermId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("AcademicTermId") REFERENCES "AcademicTerms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IX_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTermId_PeriodNumber"
+            ON "ScheduleTimeSlots" ("AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "TeachingTaskId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "RequiresClassroom" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "RequiredCampusId" TEXT NULL,
+            "RequiredBuildingId" TEXT NULL,
+            "AllowedDayOfWeeks" TEXT NULL,
+            "EarliestPeriod" INTEGER NULL,
+            "LatestPeriod" INTEGER NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskId") REFERENCES "TeachingTasks" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Campuses_RequiredCampusId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("RequiredCampusId") REFERENCES "Campuses" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Buildings_RequiredBuildingId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("RequiredBuildingId") REFERENCES "Buildings" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTaskId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("TeachingTaskId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredCampusId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("RequiredCampusId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredBuildingId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("RequiredBuildingId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms" (
+            "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ClassroomId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "PK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms"
+                PRIMARY KEY ("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId", "ClassroomId"),
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Constraints"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                REFERENCES "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Classrooms_ClassroomId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("ClassroomId") REFERENCES "Classrooms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_ClassroomId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms" ("ClassroomId");
+        """
+    ];
 }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/20260724111113_SchedulingOptimization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class SchedulingOptimization : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                type: "char(36)",
+                nullable: true,
+                oldClrType: typeof(Guid),
+                oldType: "char(36)");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "ScheduleTimeSlots",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    Id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    AcademicTermId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    PeriodNumber = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    Name = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(40)", maxLength: 40, nullable: false),
+                    StartsAt = table.Column<TimeOnly>(type: "time", nullable: false),
+                    EndsAt = table.Column<TimeOnly>(type: "time", nullable: false),
+                    IsEnabled = table.Column<bool>(type: "tinyint(1)", nullable: false),
+                    CreatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    UpdatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_ScheduleTimeSlots", x => x.Id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTerms_AcademicTermId",
+                        column: x => x.AcademicTermId,
+                        principalTable: "AcademicTerms",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    Id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    TeachingTaskId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    RequiresClassroom = table.Column<bool>(type: "tinyint(1)", nullable: false),
+                    RequiredCampusId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: true),
+                    RequiredBuildingId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: true),
+                    AllowedDayOfWeeks = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(20)", maxLength: 20, nullable: true),
+                    EarliestPeriod = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: true),
+                    LatestPeriod = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: true),
+                    CreatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    UpdatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints", x => x.Id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Buildings_RequiredBuildingId",
+                        column: x => x.RequiredBuildingId,
+                        principalTable: "Buildings",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Campuses_RequiredCampusId",
+                        column: x => x.RequiredCampusId,
+                        principalTable: "Campuses",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId",
+                        column: x => x.TeachingTaskId,
+                        principalTable: "TeachingTasks",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    ClassroomId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms", x => new { x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId, x.ClassroomId });
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                        column: x => x.ClassroomId,
+                        principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint~",
+                        column: x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId,
+                        principalTable: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTermId_PeriodNumber",
+                table: "ScheduleTimeSlots",
+                columns: new[] { "AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber" },
+                unique: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms",
+                column: "ClassroomId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredBuildingId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "RequiredBuildingId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredCampusId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "RequiredCampusId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTaskId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "TeachingTaskId",
+                unique: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                column: "ClassroomId",
+                principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                principalColumn: "Id",
+                onDelete: ReferentialAction.SetNull);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "ScheduleTimeSlots");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                type: "char(36)",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: new Guid("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"),
+                oldClrType: typeof(Guid),
+                oldType: "char(36)",
+                oldNullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                column: "ClassroomId",
+                principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                principalColumn: "Id",
+                onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/Migrations/MySql/AppDbContextModelSnapshot.cs

@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                         .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                         .HasColumnType("char(36)");
 
-                    b.Property<Guid>("ClassroomId")
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("ClassroomId")
                         .HasColumnType("char(36)");
 
                     b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
@@ -1385,6 +1385,46 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.ToTable("SchedulePlans");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.ScheduleTimeSlot", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("AcademicTermId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<TimeOnly>("EndsAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("time");
+
+                    b.Property<bool>("IsEnabled")
+                        .HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("Name")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(40)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(40)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("PeriodNumber")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<TimeOnly>("StartsAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("time");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber")
+                        .IsUnique();
+
+                    b.ToTable("ScheduleTimeSlots");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Student", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("Id")
@@ -1636,6 +1676,21 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.ToTable("TeachingTasks");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("ClassroomId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId", "ClassroomId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("ClassroomId");
+
+                    b.ToTable("TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskClass", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
@@ -1651,6 +1706,52 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.ToTable("TeachingTaskClasses");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("AllowedDayOfWeeks")
+                        .HasMaxLength(20)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(20)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int?>("EarliestPeriod")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<int?>("LatestPeriod")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("RequiredBuildingId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("RequiredCampusId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<bool>("RequiresClassroom")
+                        .HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("RequiredBuildingId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("RequiredCampusId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .IsUnique();
+
+                    b.ToTable("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskTeacher", b =>
                 {
                     b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
@@ -2277,8 +2378,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Classroom", "Classroom")
                         .WithMany()
                         .HasForeignKey("ClassroomId")
-                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
-                        .IsRequired();
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull);
 
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.SchedulePlan", "SchedulePlan")
                         .WithMany("Entries")
@@ -2310,6 +2410,17 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Navigation("AcademicTerm");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.ScheduleTimeSlot", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AcademicTerm", "AcademicTerm")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("AcademicTermId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("AcademicTerm");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Student", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AdministrativeClass", "AdministrativeClass")
@@ -2372,6 +2483,25 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Navigation("Course");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Classroom", "Classroom")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("ClassroomId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint")
+                        .WithMany("AllowedClassrooms")
+                        .HasForeignKey("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("Classroom");
+
+                    b.Navigation("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskClass", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AdministrativeClass", "AdministrativeClass")
@@ -2391,6 +2521,31 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                     b.Navigation("TeachingTask");
                 });
 
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Building", "RequiredBuilding")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("RequiredBuildingId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Campus", "RequiredCampus")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("RequiredCampusId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTask", "TeachingTask")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("RequiredBuilding");
+
+                    b.Navigation("RequiredCampus");
+
+                    b.Navigation("TeachingTask");
+                });
+
             modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskTeacher", b =>
                 {
                     b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Teacher", "Teacher")
@@ -2532,6 +2687,11 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
 
                     b.Navigation("Teachers");
                 });
+
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Navigation("AllowedClassrooms");
+                });
 #pragma warning restore 612, 618
         }
     }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Scheduling/AutomaticScheduleGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
+
+public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
+{
+    public async Task<AutomaticScheduleResult> GenerateAsync(
+        SchedulePlan plan,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var timeSlots = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (timeSlots.Count == 0)
+            return new(0, 0, ["请先维护该学期的上课时间表。"]);
+
+        var activePeriods = timeSlots.Select(x => x.PeriodNumber).ToHashSet();
+        var tasks = await db.TeachingTasks
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .Include(x => x.Teachers)
+            .Include(x => x.Classes)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x.AdministrativeClass)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Students)
+            .OrderByDescending(x => x.Classes.Count + x.Teachers.Count)
+            .ThenByDescending(x => x.Capacity)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var constraints = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => tasks.Select(task => task.Id).Contains(x.TeachingTaskId))
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        var classrooms = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.IsEnabled)
+            .Include(x => x.Building)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Capacity)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Name)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var entries = await db.ScheduleEntries
+            .Where(x => x.SchedulePlanId == plan.Id)
+            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Teachers)
+            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Classes)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+        var created = 0;
+        var completedTasks = 0;
+        var messages = new List<string>();
+        foreach (var task in tasks)
+        {
+            constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
+            var scheduledHours = entries
+                .Where(x => x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id)
+                .Sum(x => x.PeriodCount);
+            var remainingHours = Math.Max(0, task.WeeklyHours - scheduledHours);
+            if (remainingHours == 0)
+            {
+                completedTasks++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            while (remainingHours > 0)
+            {
+                var desiredBlock = remainingHours >= 2 ? 2 : 1;
+                var candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                    plan.Id,
+                    task,
+                    constraint,
+                    desiredBlock,
+                    activePeriods,
+                    classrooms,
+                    entries);
+                if (candidate is null && desiredBlock > 1)
+                {
+                    candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                        plan.Id,
+                        task,
+                        constraint,
+                        1,
+                        activePeriods,
+                        classrooms,
+                        entries);
+                }
+                if (candidate is null) break;
+
+                db.ScheduleEntries.Add(candidate);
+                entries.Add(candidate);
+                created++;
+                remainingHours -= candidate.PeriodCount;
+            }
+
+            if (remainingHours == 0)
+            {
+                completedTasks++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                messages.Add(
+                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 仍有 {remainingHours} 学时无法安排，请检查教师/班级冲突或场地与时间约束。");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (created > 0)
+            await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return new(created, completedTasks, messages);
+    }
+
+    private static ScheduleEntry? FindBestCandidate(
+        Guid planId,
+        TeachingTask task,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        int periodCount,
+        HashSet<int> activePeriods,
+        IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms,
+        IReadOnlyList<ScheduleEntry> entries)
+    {
+        var allowedDays = ParseAllowedDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
+        var firstPeriod = constraint?.EarliestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Min();
+        var lastPeriod = constraint?.LatestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Max();
+        var rooms = EligibleRooms(task, constraint, classrooms);
+        if ((constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true) && rooms.Count == 0)
+            return null;
+
+        var candidates = new List<(ScheduleEntry Entry, int Score)>();
+        foreach (var day in allowedDays)
+        {
+            for (var start = firstPeriod; start + periodCount - 1 <= lastPeriod; start++)
+            {
+                if (Enumerable.Range(start, periodCount).Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
+                    continue;
+
+                var roomOptions = constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false
+                    ? new Classroom?[] { null }
+                    : rooms.Cast<Classroom?>().ToArray();
+                foreach (var room in roomOptions)
+                {
+                    var proposed = new ScheduleEntry
+                    {
+                        SchedulePlanId = planId,
+                        TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
+                        TeachingTask = task,
+                        ClassroomId = room?.Id,
+                        Classroom = room,
+                        DayOfWeek = day,
+                        StartPeriod = start,
+                        PeriodCount = periodCount,
+                        StartWeek = task.StartWeek,
+                        EndWeek = task.EndWeek,
+                        WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All,
+                        Notes = "自动排课"
+                    };
+                    if (entries.Any(existing =>
+                            ScheduleConflictDetector.TimeOverlaps(existing, proposed) &&
+                            ScheduleConflictDetector.ConflictReason(existing, proposed) is not null))
+                        continue;
+
+                    var sameTaskDay = entries.Count(x =>
+                        x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id && x.DayOfWeek == day);
+                    var dayLoad = entries.Count(x => x.DayOfWeek == day);
+                    var roomWaste = room is null ? 0 : Math.Max(0, room.Capacity - task.Capacity);
+                    var score = sameTaskDay * 1000 + dayLoad * 10 + start + roomWaste / 10;
+                    candidates.Add((proposed, score));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return candidates
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Score)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Entry.DayOfWeek)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Entry.StartPeriod)
+            .Select(x => x.Entry)
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<Classroom> EligibleRooms(
+        TeachingTask task,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms)
+    {
+        if (constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false) return [];
+        var allowedRoomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+            .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
+            .ToHashSet() ?? [];
+        var minimumCapacity = Math.Max(
+            task.Capacity,
+            task.Classes.Sum(x =>
+                x.AdministrativeClass?.Students.Count(student =>
+                    student.Status == StudentStatus.Active) ?? 0));
+        return classrooms.Where(room =>
+                room.Capacity >= minimumCapacity &&
+                (!constraint?.RequiredCampusId.HasValue ?? true ||
+                    room.Building!.CampusId == constraint.RequiredCampusId) &&
+                (!constraint?.RequiredBuildingId.HasValue ?? true ||
+                    room.BuildingId == constraint.RequiredBuildingId) &&
+                (allowedRoomIds.Count == 0 || allowedRoomIds.Contains(room.Id)))
+            .ToList();
+    }
+
+    private static int[] ParseAllowedDays(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+        var days = value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+            .Select(item => int.TryParse(item, out var day) ? day : 0)
+            .Where(day => day is >= 1 and <= 7)
+            .Distinct()
+            .Order()
+            .ToArray();
+        return days.Length == 0 ? [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] : days;
+    }
+}
+
+public sealed record AutomaticScheduleResult(
+    int CreatedEntries,
+    int CompletedTasks,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> Messages);

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Scheduling/ScheduleConflictDetector.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ public static class ScheduleConflictDetector
 
     public static string? ConflictReason(ScheduleEntry first, ScheduleEntry second)
     {
-        if (first.ClassroomId == second.ClassroomId) return "教室";
+        if (first.ClassroomId.HasValue &&
+            second.ClassroomId.HasValue &&
+            first.ClassroomId == second.ClassroomId)
+            return "教室";
         var firstTeachers = first.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Select(x => x.TeacherId).ToHashSet();
         if (second.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Any(x => firstTeachers.Contains(x.TeacherId)))
             return "教师";

src/Jiaowu.Api/Program.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Middleware;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ builder.Services.AddScoped<ITokenService, TokenService>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<ICurrentUserDataScope, CurrentUserDataScope>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DatabaseInitializer>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DevelopmentSqliteMigrator>();
+builder.Services.AddScoped<AutomaticScheduleGenerator>();
 
 builder.Services
     .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
+using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Tests;
+
+public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGeneratorTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Development_migration_chain_accepts_current_sqlite_schema()
+    {
+        await using var connection = new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
+        await connection.OpenAsync();
+        var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()
+            .UseSqlite(connection)
+            .Options;
+        await using var db = new AppDbContext(options);
+        await db.Database.EnsureCreatedAsync();
+
+        var migrator = new DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
+            db,
+            NullLogger<DevelopmentSqliteMigrator>.Instance);
+        await migrator.MigrateAsync();
+
+        Assert.True(await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.CountAsync() == 0);
+        Assert.True(await db.Database
+            .SqlQueryRaw<int>(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Value"
+                FROM pragma_table_info('ScheduleEntries')
+                WHERE name = 'ClassroomId' AND "notnull" = 0
+                """)
+            .AnyAsync(value => value > 0));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Generator_schedules_roomless_course_within_allowed_time()
+    {
+        await using var connection = new SqliteConnection("Data Source=:memory:");
+        await connection.OpenAsync();
+        var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<AppDbContext>()
+            .UseSqlite(connection)
+            .Options;
+        await using var db = new AppDbContext(options);
+        await db.Database.EnsureCreatedAsync();
+
+        var term = new AcademicTerm
+        {
+            Code = "2026-A",
+            Name = "2026 秋季",
+            AcademicYear = "2026-2027",
+            Season = TermSeason.Autumn,
+            StartDate = new DateOnly(2026, 9, 1),
+            EndDate = new DateOnly(2027, 1, 15)
+        };
+        var college = new College { Code = "CS", Name = "计算机学院" };
+        var course = new Course
+        {
+            Code = "MOOC-01",
+            Name = "在线专题",
+            College = college,
+            Credits = 1,
+            TotalHours = 32,
+            LectureHours = 32
+        };
+        var task = new TeachingTask
+        {
+            TaskNumber = "TASK-MOOC",
+            Name = "在线专题教学班",
+            AcademicTerm = term,
+            Course = course,
+            Capacity = 200,
+            StartWeek = 1,
+            EndWeek = 16,
+            WeeklyHours = 2,
+            Status = TeachingTaskStatus.Published
+        };
+        var plan = new SchedulePlan
+        {
+            AcademicTerm = term,
+            Name = "自动排课测试",
+            Version = "V1"
+        };
+        db.AddRange(term, college, course, task, plan);
+        db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(
+            new ScheduleTimeSlot
+            {
+                AcademicTerm = term,
+                PeriodNumber = 1,
+                Name = "第 1 节",
+                StartsAt = new TimeOnly(8, 0),
+                EndsAt = new TimeOnly(8, 45)
+            },
+            new ScheduleTimeSlot
+            {
+                AcademicTerm = term,
+                PeriodNumber = 2,
+                Name = "第 2 节",
+                StartsAt = new TimeOnly(8, 55),
+                EndsAt = new TimeOnly(9, 40)
+            });
+        db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.Add(new TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint
+        {
+            TeachingTask = task,
+            RequiresClassroom = false,
+            AllowedDayOfWeeks = "3",
+            EarliestPeriod = 1,
+            LatestPeriod = 2
+        });
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        var result = await new AutomaticScheduleGenerator(db)
+            .GenerateAsync(plan, CancellationToken.None);
+        var entry = await db.ScheduleEntries.SingleAsync();
+
+        Assert.Equal(1, result.CreatedEntries);
+        Assert.Empty(result.Messages);
+        Assert.Equal(3, entry.DayOfWeek);
+        Assert.Equal(1, entry.StartPeriod);
+        Assert.Equal(2, entry.PeriodCount);
+        Assert.Null(entry.ClassroomId);
+    }
+}

tests/Jiaowu.Api.Tests/ScheduleConflictTests.cs

@@ -63,8 +63,26 @@ public sealed class ScheduleConflictTests
         Assert.Equal("教师", ScheduleConflictDetector.ConflictReason(first, second));
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public void Two_roomless_courses_do_not_create_a_classroom_conflict()
+    {
+        var first = Entry(null, WeekPattern.All, new TeachingTask
+        {
+            TaskNumber = "ONLINE-1",
+            Name = "线上课程一"
+        });
+        var second = Entry(null, WeekPattern.All, new TeachingTask
+        {
+            TaskNumber = "ONLINE-2",
+            Name = "线上课程二"
+        });
+
+        Assert.True(ScheduleConflictDetector.TimeOverlaps(first, second));
+        Assert.Null(ScheduleConflictDetector.ConflictReason(first, second));
+    }
+
     private static ScheduleEntry Entry(
-        Guid classroomId,
+        Guid? classroomId,
         WeekPattern weekPattern,
         TeachingTask task) =>
         new()

web/src/components.d.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ declare module 'vue' {
     ElAlert: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElAlert']
     ElButton: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElButton']
     ElCheckbox: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElCheckbox']
+    ElCheckboxGroup: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElCheckboxGroup']
     ElDatePicker: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElDatePicker']
     ElDialog: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElDialog']
     ElDrawer: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElDrawer']
@@ -35,7 +36,10 @@ declare module 'vue' {
     ElSwitch: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSwitch']
     ElTable: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTable']
     ElTableColumn: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTableColumn']
+    ElTabPane: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTabPane']
+    ElTabs: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTabs']
     ElTag: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTag']
+    ElTimeSelect: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTimeSelect']
     RouterLink: typeof import('vue-router')['RouterLink']
     RouterView: typeof import('vue-router')['RouterView']
   }

web/src/style.css

@@ -337,6 +337,21 @@ button { cursor: pointer; }
 .schedule-card small, .schedule-card i { overflow: hidden; color: #c6cfe6; font-size: 8px; font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
 .schedule-card > button { position: absolute; right: 4px; top: 3px; border: none; color: #b9c4df; background: transparent; font-size: 14px; }
 .schedule-card > button:hover { color: white; }
+.schedule-settings-drawer .el-drawer__body { padding-top: 0; }
+.settings-lead { margin: 4px 0 16px; padding: 14px 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 18px; border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); background: #f4faf9; }
+.settings-lead > div:first-child { display: grid; gap: 4px; }
+.settings-lead b { color: #223052; font-family: "STZhongsong", "Songti SC", serif; font-size: 17px; }
+.settings-lead span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.6; }
+.settings-lead > div:last-child { display: flex; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; }
+.settings-table .el-input-number { width: 76px; }
+.constraint-list { display: grid; gap: 8px; }
+.constraint-list article { min-width: 0; padding: 13px 15px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 1fr) minmax(170px, auto) auto; align-items: center; gap: 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; }
+.constraint-list article > div:first-child { min-width: 0; display: grid; gap: 4px; }
+.constraint-list article span { color: var(--teal); font: 700 9px/1.2 Consolas, monospace; }
+.constraint-list article b { overflow: hidden; color: #263453; font-size: 12px; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
+.constraint-list article small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; }
+.constraint-badges { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 5px; }
+.constraint-title { margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 12px 14px; color: #eef4ff; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #243d7a, #182b5d); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 650; }
 
 .selection-page { min-width: 0; }
 .selection-round-strip {
@@ -950,6 +965,10 @@ button { cursor: pointer; }
   .schedule-search { flex-wrap: wrap; }
   .schedule-search .el-input { width: 100%; }
   .schedule-search > span { width: 100%; margin-left: 0; }
+  .settings-lead { align-items: stretch; flex-direction: column; }
+  .settings-lead > div:last-child { flex-wrap: wrap; }
+  .constraint-list article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .constraint-badges { justify-content: flex-start; }
   .selection-window { grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr; }
   .credit-meter, .round-actions {
     grid-column: 1 / -1; width: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.13);

web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
-import { CopyDocument, Plus, Promotion, Refresh, Search } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
+import { CopyDocument, Plus, Promotion, Refresh, Search, Setting } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
 
 const plans = ref<any[]>([])
@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ const selected = ref<any | null>(null)
 const terms = ref<any[]>([])
 const tasks = ref<any[]>([])
 const classrooms = ref<any[]>([])
+const campuses = ref<any[]>([])
+const buildings = ref<any[]>([])
+const timeSlots = ref<any[]>([])
+const constraints = ref<any[]>([])
 const loading = ref(false)
 const detailLoading = ref(false)
+const autoLoading = ref(false)
 const planDialog = ref(false)
 const cloneDialog = ref(false)
 const entryDialog = ref(false)
+const settingsDrawer = ref(false)
+const settingsTab = ref('time')
+const constraintDialog = ref(false)
 const editingPlanId = ref('')
 const editingEntryId = ref('')
 const keyword = ref('')
@@ -20,6 +28,7 @@ const termId = ref<string | undefined>()
 const planForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const cloneForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const entryForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
+const constraintForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 
 const weekdays = [
   { value: 1, label: '星期一' },
@@ -30,7 +39,12 @@ const weekdays = [
   { value: 6, label: '星期六' },
   { value: 7, label: '星期日' },
 ]
-const periods = Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, index) => index + 1)
+const periods = computed(() => {
+  const configured = timeSlots.value
+    .filter((item) => item.isEnabled)
+    .map((item) => item.periodNumber)
+  return configured.length ? configured : Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, index) => index + 1)
+})
 const statusLabels: Record<string, string> = {
   Draft: '草稿',
   Published: '已发布',
@@ -42,6 +56,20 @@ const patternLabels: Record<string, string> = {
   Even: '双周',
 }
 const isDraft = computed(() => selected.value?.status === 'Draft')
+const selectedTaskConstraint = computed(() =>
+  constraints.value.find((item) => item.id === entryForm.teachingTaskId),
+)
+const filteredBuildings = computed(() =>
+  constraintForm.requiredCampusId
+    ? buildings.value.filter((item) => item.campusId === constraintForm.requiredCampusId)
+    : buildings.value,
+)
+const filteredClassrooms = computed(() =>
+  classrooms.value.filter((item) =>
+    (!constraintForm.requiredCampusId || item.campusId === constraintForm.requiredCampusId) &&
+    (!constraintForm.requiredBuildingId || item.buildingId === constraintForm.requiredBuildingId),
+  ),
+)
 const filteredEntries = computed(() => {
   const text = keyword.value.trim().toLowerCase()
   if (!text) return selected.value?.entries ?? []
@@ -64,6 +92,125 @@ function entriesAt(day: number, period: number) {
   )
 }
 
+function timeLabel(period: number) {
+  const slot = timeSlots.value.find((item) => item.periodNumber === period)
+  return slot ? `${slot.startsAt}—${slot.endsAt}` : `第 ${period} 节`
+}
+
+async function loadSchedulingSettings() {
+  if (!termId.value) return
+  try {
+    const [timeRes, constraintRes] = await Promise.all([
+      http.get('/schedules/time-slots', { params: { academicTermId: termId.value } }),
+      http.get('/schedules/constraints', { params: { academicTermId: termId.value } }),
+    ])
+    timeSlots.value = timeRes.data
+    constraints.value = constraintRes.data
+    tasks.value = constraintRes.data
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function changeTerm() {
+  await Promise.all([loadPlans(false), loadSchedulingSettings()])
+}
+
+function initializeTimeSlots() {
+  const defaults = [
+    ['08:00', '08:45'], ['08:55', '09:40'], ['10:00', '10:45'], ['10:55', '11:40'],
+    ['14:00', '14:45'], ['14:55', '15:40'], ['16:00', '16:45'], ['16:55', '17:40'],
+    ['19:00', '19:45'], ['19:55', '20:40'],
+  ]
+  timeSlots.value = defaults.map(([startsAt, endsAt], index) => ({
+    periodNumber: index + 1,
+    name: `第 ${index + 1} 节`,
+    startsAt,
+    endsAt,
+    isEnabled: true,
+  }))
+}
+
+function addTimeSlot() {
+  const last = timeSlots.value.at(-1)
+  timeSlots.value.push({
+    periodNumber: (last?.periodNumber ?? 0) + 1,
+    name: `第 ${(last?.periodNumber ?? 0) + 1} 节`,
+    startsAt: '08:00',
+    endsAt: '08:45',
+    isEnabled: true,
+  })
+}
+
+async function saveTimeSlots() {
+  try {
+    await http.put(`/schedules/time-slots/${termId.value}`, timeSlots.value)
+    ElMessage.success('上课时间表已保存')
+    await loadSchedulingSettings()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+function openConstraint(item: any) {
+  Object.assign(constraintForm, {
+    teachingTaskId: item.id,
+    title: `${item.taskNumber} · ${item.name}`,
+    requiresClassroom: item.requiresClassroom,
+    requiredCampusId: item.requiredCampusId,
+    requiredBuildingId: item.requiredBuildingId,
+    allowedClassroomIds: [...item.allowedClassroomIds],
+    allowedDayOfWeeks: item.allowedDayOfWeeks.length
+      ? [...item.allowedDayOfWeeks]
+      : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+    earliestPeriod: item.earliestPeriod,
+    latestPeriod: item.latestPeriod,
+  })
+  constraintDialog.value = true
+}
+
+async function saveConstraint() {
+  try {
+    const payload = {
+      requiresClassroom: constraintForm.requiresClassroom,
+      requiredCampusId: constraintForm.requiredCampusId || null,
+      requiredBuildingId: constraintForm.requiredBuildingId || null,
+      allowedClassroomIds: constraintForm.allowedClassroomIds ?? [],
+      allowedDayOfWeeks: constraintForm.allowedDayOfWeeks ?? [],
+      earliestPeriod: constraintForm.earliestPeriod || null,
+      latestPeriod: constraintForm.latestPeriod || null,
+    }
+    await http.put(`/schedules/constraints/${constraintForm.teachingTaskId}`, payload)
+    constraintDialog.value = false
+    ElMessage.success('排课约束已保存')
+    await loadSchedulingSettings()
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  }
+}
+
+async function autoSchedule() {
+  try {
+    await ElMessageBox.confirm(
+      '系统会保留当前手工安排，并为尚未排满的教学任务分配教师可用时间和符合约束的教室。生成后仍可手工调整。',
+      '开始自动排课',
+      { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: '生成排课', cancelButtonText: '取消' },
+    )
+    autoLoading.value = true
+    const { data } = await http.post(`/schedules/plans/${selected.value.id}/auto-schedule`)
+    await loadDetail(selected.value.id)
+    if (data.messages.length) {
+      ElMessage.warning(`已生成 ${data.createdEntries} 条安排，仍有 ${data.messages.length} 个任务需人工处理`)
+    } else {
+      ElMessage.success(`自动排课完成，共生成 ${data.createdEntries} 条安排`)
+    }
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error !== 'cancel' && error !== 'close') ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    autoLoading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 async function loadPlans(keepSelection = true) {
   loading.value = true
   try {
@@ -185,10 +332,12 @@ function openEntry(entry?: any, day?: number, period?: number) {
 }
 
 async function saveEntry() {
-  if (!entryForm.teachingTaskId || !entryForm.classroomId) {
-    ElMessage.warning('请选择教学任务和教室。')
+  if (!entryForm.teachingTaskId ||
+      (selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom !== false && !entryForm.classroomId)) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请选择教学任务，并按课程要求选择教室。')
     return
   }
+  if (selectedTaskConstraint.value?.requiresClassroom === false) entryForm.classroomId = null
   try {
     const base = `/schedules/plans/${selected.value.id}/entries`
     if (editingEntryId.value) await http.put(`${base}/${editingEntryId.value}`, entryForm)
@@ -214,16 +363,18 @@ async function deleteEntry(entry: any) {
 }
 
 onMounted(async () => {
-  const [termRes, taskRes, classroomRes] = await Promise.all([
+  const [termRes, classroomRes, campusRes, buildingRes] = await Promise.all([
     http.get('/base-data/terms'),
-    http.get('/teaching-tasks', { params: { page: 1, pageSize: 100, status: 'Published' } }),
     http.get('/base-data/classrooms'),
+    http.get('/base-data/campuses'),
+    http.get('/base-data/buildings'),
   ])
   terms.value = termRes.data
-  tasks.value = taskRes.data.items
   classrooms.value = classroomRes.data.filter((item: any) => item.isEnabled)
+  campuses.value = campusRes.data.filter((item: any) => item.isEnabled)
+  buildings.value = buildingRes.data.filter((item: any) => item.isEnabled)
   termId.value = terms.value.find((item) => item.isCurrent)?.id
-  await loadPlans(false)
+  await Promise.all([loadPlans(false), loadSchedulingSettings()])
 })
 </script>
 
@@ -233,13 +384,16 @@ onMounted(async () => {
       <div>
         <span class="section-kicker">TIMETABLE BOARD</span>
         <h2>排课与课表</h2>
-        <p>在发布前消除教师、行政班与教室冲突，并保留每次发布的版本。</p>
+        <p>用作息时间和课程约束驱动教师、班级、场地自动分配，生成后仍可逐项微调。</p>
       </div>
+      <div class="page-actions">
+        <el-button :icon="Setting" @click="settingsDrawer = true">排课规则与作息</el-button>
         <el-button type="primary" :icon="Plus" @click="openPlan()">新建排课版本</el-button>
+      </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="schedule-toolbar">
-      <el-select v-model="termId" placeholder="选择学期" @change="loadPlans(false)">
+      <el-select v-model="termId" placeholder="选择学期" @change="changeTerm">
         <el-option v-for="item in terms" :key="item.id" :label="item.name" :value="item.id" />
       </el-select>
       <div class="schedule-version-strip">
@@ -268,6 +422,16 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         <div class="plan-actions">
           <el-button v-if="isDraft" @click="openPlan(selected)">编辑版本</el-button>
           <el-button :icon="CopyDocument" @click="openClone">复制调整</el-button>
+          <el-button
+            v-if="isDraft"
+            type="warning"
+            plain
+            :icon="Promotion"
+            :loading="autoLoading"
+            @click="autoSchedule"
+          >
+            自动排课
+          </el-button>
           <el-button v-if="isDraft" type="primary" :icon="Plus" @click="openEntry()">添加排课</el-button>
           <el-button v-if="isDraft" type="success" :icon="Promotion" @click="publishPlan">发布课表</el-button>
           <el-button v-if="isDraft" type="danger" plain @click="deletePlan">删除草稿</el-button>
@@ -287,7 +451,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
           <template v-for="period in periods" :key="period">
             <div class="timetable-period">
               <b>{{ period }}</b>
-              <span>第 {{ period }} 节</span>
+              <span>{{ timeLabel(period) }}</span>
             </div>
             <div
               v-for="day in weekdays"
@@ -305,7 +469,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
               >
                 <span>{{ entry.courseCode }} · {{ patternLabels[entry.weekPattern] }}</span>
                 <b>{{ entry.courseName }}</b>
-                <small>{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') }} · {{ entry.classroomName }}</small>
+                <small>{{ entry.teacherNames.join('、') }} · {{ entry.classroomName || '不占用教室' }}</small>
                 <i>{{ entry.startWeek }}—{{ entry.endWeek }} 周 / 连上 {{ entry.periodCount }} 节</i>
                 <button v-if="isDraft" type="button" @click.stop="deleteEntry(entry)">×</button>
               </article>
@@ -342,14 +506,44 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <el-option v-for="item in tasks" :key="item.id" :label="`${item.taskNumber} · ${item.name}`" :value="item.id" />
           </el-select>
         </el-form-item>
-        <el-form-item label="教室" required>
+        <el-alert
+          v-if="selectedTaskConstraint?.requiresClassroom === false"
+          title="该课程不占用教室，仍会校验教师和行政班时间冲突。"
+          type="info"
+          :closable="false"
+          show-icon
+        />
+        <el-form-item
+          v-else
+          label="教室"
+          required
+          :hint="selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredBuildingId ? '仅显示约束范围内教室' : ''"
+        >
           <el-select v-model="entryForm.classroomId" filterable>
-            <el-option v-for="item in classrooms" :key="item.id" :label="`${item.campusName} / ${item.buildingName} / ${item.name}（${item.capacity}人）`" :value="item.id" />
+            <el-option
+              v-for="item in classrooms.filter((room) =>
+                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredCampusId || room.campusId === selectedTaskConstraint.requiredCampusId) &&
+                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.requiredBuildingId || room.buildingId === selectedTaskConstraint.requiredBuildingId) &&
+                (!selectedTaskConstraint?.allowedClassroomIds?.length || selectedTaskConstraint.allowedClassroomIds.includes(room.id))
+              )"
+              :key="item.id"
+              :label="`${item.campusName} / ${item.buildingName} / ${item.name}（${item.capacity}人）`"
+              :value="item.id"
+            />
           </el-select>
         </el-form-item>
         <div class="form-grid three">
           <el-form-item label="星期"><el-select v-model="entryForm.dayOfWeek"><el-option v-for="day in weekdays" :key="day.value" :label="day.label" :value="day.value" /></el-select></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item label="开始节次"><el-input-number v-model="entryForm.startPeriod" :min="1" :max="12" /></el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="开始节次">
+            <el-select v-model="entryForm.startPeriod">
+              <el-option
+                v-for="period in periods"
+                :key="period"
+                :label="`第 ${period} 节 · ${timeLabel(period)}`"
+                :value="period"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
           <el-form-item label="连续节数"><el-input-number v-model="entryForm.periodCount" :min="1" :max="6" /></el-form-item>
         </div>
         <div class="form-grid three">
@@ -361,5 +555,129 @@ onMounted(async () => {
       </el-form>
       <template #footer><el-button @click="entryDialog = false">取消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="saveEntry">检查冲突并保存</el-button></template>
     </el-dialog>
+
+    <el-drawer v-model="settingsDrawer" title="排课规则与作息" size="760px" class="schedule-settings-drawer">
+      <el-tabs v-model="settingsTab">
+        <el-tab-pane label="上课时间表" name="time">
+          <div class="settings-lead">
+            <div>
+              <b>上课时间表</b>
+              <span>当前学期的节次、上下课时间和可排课状态。自动排课只使用启用节次。</span>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <el-button v-if="!timeSlots.length" @click="initializeTimeSlots">载入常用作息</el-button>
+              <el-button @click="addTimeSlot">增加节次</el-button>
+              <el-button type="primary" @click="saveTimeSlots">保存时间表</el-button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <el-table :data="timeSlots" class="settings-table">
+            <el-table-column label="节次" width="100">
+              <template #default="{ row }"><el-input-number v-model="row.periodNumber" :min="1" :max="30" controls-position="right" /></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+            <el-table-column label="名称" min-width="130">
+              <template #default="{ row }"><el-input v-model="row.name" /></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+            <el-table-column label="上课" width="130">
+              <template #default="{ row }"><el-time-select v-model="row.startsAt" start="06:00" step="00:05" end="23:00" /></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+            <el-table-column label="下课" width="130">
+              <template #default="{ row }"><el-time-select v-model="row.endsAt" start="06:00" step="00:05" end="23:00" /></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+            <el-table-column label="可排课" width="90">
+              <template #default="{ row }"><el-switch v-model="row.isEnabled" /></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+            <el-table-column width="60">
+              <template #default="{ $index }"><el-button link type="danger" @click="timeSlots.splice($index, 1)">移除</el-button></template>
+            </el-table-column>
+          </el-table>
+        </el-tab-pane>
+
+        <el-tab-pane label="课程排课约束" name="constraints">
+          <div class="settings-lead">
+            <div>
+              <b>课程排课约束</b>
+              <span>教师来自已发布教学任务；这里限定可用时间、校区、教学楼、指定教室以及是否占用教室。</span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="constraint-list">
+            <article v-for="item in constraints" :key="item.id">
+              <div>
+                <span>{{ item.taskNumber }} · 每周 {{ item.weeklyHours }} 学时</span>
+                <b>{{ item.name }}</b>
+                <small>{{ item.teacherNames.join('、') || '未分配教师' }} · {{ item.capacity }} 人</small>
+              </div>
+              <div class="constraint-badges">
+                <el-tag :type="item.requiresClassroom ? 'primary' : 'info'">
+                  {{ item.requiresClassroom ? '占用教室' : '不占教室' }}
+                </el-tag>
+                <el-tag v-if="item.requiredBuildingId" type="warning">限定教学楼</el-tag>
+                <el-tag v-if="item.allowedClassroomIds.length" type="warning">
+                  指定 {{ item.allowedClassroomIds.length }} 间教室
+                </el-tag>
+              </div>
+              <el-button @click="openConstraint(item)">设置约束</el-button>
+            </article>
+          </div>
+        </el-tab-pane>
+      </el-tabs>
+    </el-drawer>
+
+    <el-dialog v-model="constraintDialog" title="设置课程排课约束" width="720px">
+      <div class="constraint-title">{{ constraintForm.title }}</div>
+      <el-form label-position="top">
+        <el-form-item>
+          <el-switch
+            v-model="constraintForm.requiresClassroom"
+            active-text="需要占用教室"
+            inactive-text="不占用教室"
+          />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <template v-if="constraintForm.requiresClassroom">
+          <div class="form-grid">
+            <el-form-item label="限定校区">
+              <el-select v-model="constraintForm.requiredCampusId" clearable @change="constraintForm.requiredBuildingId = undefined; constraintForm.allowedClassroomIds = []">
+                <el-option v-for="item in campuses" :key="item.id" :label="item.name" :value="item.id" />
+              </el-select>
+            </el-form-item>
+            <el-form-item label="限定教学楼">
+              <el-select v-model="constraintForm.requiredBuildingId" clearable @change="constraintForm.allowedClassroomIds = []">
+                <el-option v-for="item in filteredBuildings" :key="item.id" :label="item.name" :value="item.id" />
+              </el-select>
+            </el-form-item>
+          </div>
+          <el-form-item label="指定可用教室">
+            <el-select v-model="constraintForm.allowedClassroomIds" multiple filterable collapse-tags>
+              <el-option
+                v-for="item in filteredClassrooms"
+                :key="item.id"
+                :label="`${item.buildingName} / ${item.name}（${item.capacity}人）`"
+                :value="item.id"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+        </template>
+        <el-form-item label="允许上课日">
+          <el-checkbox-group v-model="constraintForm.allowedDayOfWeeks">
+            <el-checkbox v-for="day in weekdays" :key="day.value" :value="day.value">{{ day.label }}</el-checkbox>
+          </el-checkbox-group>
+        </el-form-item>
+        <div class="form-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="最早开始节次">
+            <el-select v-model="constraintForm.earliestPeriod" clearable>
+              <el-option v-for="period in periods" :key="period" :label="`第 ${period} 节 · ${timeLabel(period)}`" :value="period" />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="最晚结束节次">
+            <el-select v-model="constraintForm.latestPeriod" clearable>
+              <el-option v-for="period in periods" :key="period" :label="`第 ${period} 节 · ${timeLabel(period)}`" :value="period" />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+      </el-form>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="constraintDialog = false">取消</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="saveConstraint">保存约束</el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
   </div>
 </template>