自动排课：保留手工安排，按教师、行政班、周次、节次、容量和场地约束补排。
课程约束：可限定校区、教学楼、指定教室、允许上课日、最早/最晚节次。 无教室课程：教室可为空，但仍校验教师和班级冲突。 作息维护：按学期维护节次、上下课时间和启用状态。 发布保护：发布前重新检查全部约束，并阻止学时未排满的课表发布。 工作台升级：增加“排课规则与作息”“自动排课”入口，自动生成后仍支持手工微调。 同时兼容 SQLite 和 MySQL，已生成正式迁移。
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using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
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using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
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namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
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public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
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{
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public async Task<AutomaticScheduleResult> GenerateAsync(
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SchedulePlan plan,
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CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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var timeSlots = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
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.Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
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.OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
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.ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
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if (timeSlots.Count == 0)
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return new(0, 0, ["请先维护该学期的上课时间表。"]);
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var activePeriods = timeSlots.Select(x => x.PeriodNumber).ToHashSet();
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var tasks = await db.TeachingTasks
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.Where(x =>
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x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
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x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
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.Include(x => x.Teachers)
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.Include(x => x.Classes)
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.ThenInclude(x => x.AdministrativeClass)
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.ThenInclude(x => x!.Students)
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.OrderByDescending(x => x.Classes.Count + x.Teachers.Count)
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.ThenByDescending(x => x.Capacity)
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.ThenBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
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.ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
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var constraints = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
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.Where(x => tasks.Select(task => task.Id).Contains(x.TeachingTaskId))
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.Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
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.ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
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var classrooms = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
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.Where(x => x.IsEnabled)
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.Include(x => x.Building)
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.OrderBy(x => x.Capacity)
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.ThenBy(x => x.Name)
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.ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
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var entries = await db.ScheduleEntries
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.Where(x => x.SchedulePlanId == plan.Id)
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.Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
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.ThenInclude(x => x!.Teachers)
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.Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
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.ThenInclude(x => x!.Classes)
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.ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
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var created = 0;
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var completedTasks = 0;
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var messages = new List<string>();
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foreach (var task in tasks)
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{
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constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
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var scheduledHours = entries
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.Where(x => x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id)
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.Sum(x => x.PeriodCount);
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var remainingHours = Math.Max(0, task.WeeklyHours - scheduledHours);
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if (remainingHours == 0)
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{
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completedTasks++;
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continue;
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}
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while (remainingHours > 0)
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{
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var desiredBlock = remainingHours >= 2 ? 2 : 1;
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var candidate = FindBestCandidate(
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plan.Id,
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task,
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constraint,
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desiredBlock,
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activePeriods,
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classrooms,
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entries);
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if (candidate is null && desiredBlock > 1)
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{
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candidate = FindBestCandidate(
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plan.Id,
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task,
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constraint,
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1,
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activePeriods,
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classrooms,
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entries);
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}
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if (candidate is null) break;
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db.ScheduleEntries.Add(candidate);
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entries.Add(candidate);
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created++;
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remainingHours -= candidate.PeriodCount;
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}
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if (remainingHours == 0)
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{
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completedTasks++;
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}
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else
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{
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messages.Add(
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$"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 仍有 {remainingHours} 学时无法安排，请检查教师/班级冲突或场地与时间约束。");
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}
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}
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if (created > 0)
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await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
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return new(created, completedTasks, messages);
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}
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private static ScheduleEntry? FindBestCandidate(
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Guid planId,
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TeachingTask task,
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TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
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int periodCount,
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HashSet<int> activePeriods,
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IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms,
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IReadOnlyList<ScheduleEntry> entries)
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{
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var allowedDays = ParseAllowedDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
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var firstPeriod = constraint?.EarliestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Min();
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var lastPeriod = constraint?.LatestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Max();
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var rooms = EligibleRooms(task, constraint, classrooms);
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if ((constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true) && rooms.Count == 0)
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return null;
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var candidates = new List<(ScheduleEntry Entry, int Score)>();
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foreach (var day in allowedDays)
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{
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for (var start = firstPeriod; start + periodCount - 1 <= lastPeriod; start++)
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{
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if (Enumerable.Range(start, periodCount).Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
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continue;
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var roomOptions = constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false
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? new Classroom?[] { null }
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: rooms.Cast<Classroom?>().ToArray();
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foreach (var room in roomOptions)
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{
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var proposed = new ScheduleEntry
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{
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SchedulePlanId = planId,
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TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
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TeachingTask = task,
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ClassroomId = room?.Id,
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Classroom = room,
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DayOfWeek = day,
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StartPeriod = start,
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PeriodCount = periodCount,
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StartWeek = task.StartWeek,
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EndWeek = task.EndWeek,
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WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All,
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Notes = "自动排课"
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};
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if (entries.Any(existing =>
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ScheduleConflictDetector.TimeOverlaps(existing, proposed) &&
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ScheduleConflictDetector.ConflictReason(existing, proposed) is not null))
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continue;
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var sameTaskDay = entries.Count(x =>
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x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id && x.DayOfWeek == day);
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var dayLoad = entries.Count(x => x.DayOfWeek == day);
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var roomWaste = room is null ? 0 : Math.Max(0, room.Capacity - task.Capacity);
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var score = sameTaskDay * 1000 + dayLoad * 10 + start + roomWaste / 10;
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candidates.Add((proposed, score));
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}
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}
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}
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return candidates
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.OrderBy(x => x.Score)
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.ThenBy(x => x.Entry.DayOfWeek)
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.ThenBy(x => x.Entry.StartPeriod)
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.Select(x => x.Entry)
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.FirstOrDefault();
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}
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private static IReadOnlyList<Classroom> EligibleRooms(
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TeachingTask task,
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TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
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IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms)
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{
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if (constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false) return [];
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var allowedRoomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
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.Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
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.ToHashSet() ?? [];
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var minimumCapacity = Math.Max(
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task.Capacity,
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task.Classes.Sum(x =>
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x.AdministrativeClass?.Students.Count(student =>
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student.Status == StudentStatus.Active) ?? 0));
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return classrooms.Where(room =>
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room.Capacity >= minimumCapacity &&
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(!constraint?.RequiredCampusId.HasValue ?? true ||
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room.Building!.CampusId == constraint.RequiredCampusId) &&
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(!constraint?.RequiredBuildingId.HasValue ?? true ||
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room.BuildingId == constraint.RequiredBuildingId) &&
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(allowedRoomIds.Count == 0 || allowedRoomIds.Contains(room.Id)))
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.ToList();
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}
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private static int[] ParseAllowedDays(string? value)
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{
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if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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var days = value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
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.Select(item => int.TryParse(item, out var day) ? day : 0)
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.Where(day => day is >= 1 and <= 7)
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.Distinct()
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.Order()
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.ToArray();
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return days.Length == 0 ? [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] : days;
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}
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}
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public sealed record AutomaticScheduleResult(
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int CreatedEntries,
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int CompletedTasks,
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IReadOnlyList<string> Messages);
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