自动排课：保留手工安排，按教师、行政班、周次、节次、容量和场地约束补排。

课程约束：可限定校区、教学楼、指定教室、允许上课日、最早/最晚节次。
无教室课程：教室可为空，但仍校验教师和班级冲突。
作息维护：按学期维护节次、上下课时间和启用状态。
发布保护：发布前重新检查全部约束，并阻止学时未排满的课表发布。
工作台升级：增加“排课规则与作息”“自动排课”入口，自动生成后仍支持手工微调。
同时兼容 SQLite 和 MySQL，已生成正式迁移。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/SchedulesController.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [ApiController]
 [Authorize(Roles = ManagementRoles)]
 [Route("api/schedules")]
-public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
+public sealed class SchedulesController(
+    AppDbContext db,
+    AutomaticScheduleGenerator scheduleGenerator) : ControllerBase
 {
     private const string ManagementRoles =
         SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -76,9 +78,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
                         ClassNames = entry.TeachingTask.Classes
                             .Select(item => item.AdministrativeClass!.Name),
                         entry.ClassroomId,
-                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom!.Name,
-                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
-                        CampusName = entry.Classroom.Building.Campus!.Name,
+                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Name,
+                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
+                        CampusName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Campus!.Name,
                         entry.DayOfWeek,
                         entry.StartPeriod,
                         entry.PeriodCount,
@@ -194,6 +202,41 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         if (plan.Entries.Count == 0)
             return ConflictProblem("排课版本中至少需要一条课表安排。");
 
+        foreach (var entry in plan.Entries)
+        {
+            var validation = await ValidateEntryAsync(
+                plan,
+                entry.Id,
+                new ScheduleEntryRequest(
+                    entry.TeachingTaskId,
+                    entry.ClassroomId,
+                    entry.DayOfWeek,
+                    entry.StartPeriod,
+                    entry.PeriodCount,
+                    entry.StartWeek,
+                    entry.EndWeek,
+                    entry.WeekPattern,
+                    entry.Notes),
+                cancellationToken);
+            if (validation is not null) return validation;
+        }
+
+        var requiredTasks = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.TaskNumber, x.Name, x.WeeklyHours })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var scheduledHours = plan.Entries
+            .GroupBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Sum(x => x.PeriodCount));
+        var incomplete = requiredTasks.FirstOrDefault(task =>
+            !scheduledHours.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var hours) ||
+            hours < task.WeeklyHours);
+        if (incomplete is not null)
+            return ConflictProblem(
+                $"{incomplete.TaskNumber} · {incomplete.Name} 尚未达到每周 {incomplete.WeeklyHours} 学时，不能发布。");
+
         var conflict = ScheduleConflictDetector.FindConflict(plan.Entries.ToList());
         if (conflict is not null) return ConflictProblem(conflict);
 
@@ -227,6 +270,17 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         return await SaveAsync(entry.Id, true, cancellationToken);
     }
 
+    [HttpPost("plans/{planId:guid}/auto-schedule")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> AutoSchedule(
+        Guid planId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var plan = await DraftPlanAsync(planId, cancellationToken);
+        if (plan is null) return NotFound();
+        var result = await scheduleGenerator.GenerateAsync(plan, cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(result);
+    }
+
     [HttpPut("plans/{planId:guid}/entries/{entryId:guid}")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateEntry(
         Guid planId,
@@ -286,8 +340,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
     {
         if (request.StartWeek > request.EndWeek)
             return ValidationProblem("开始周不能晚于结束周。");
-        if (request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > 12)
-            return ValidationProblem("结束节次不能超过第 12 节。");
+        var activePeriods = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
+            .Select(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (activePeriods.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("请先维护该学期的上课时间表。");
+        if (Enumerable.Range(request.StartPeriod, request.PeriodCount)
+            .Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选节次包含未启用或不存在的上课时间。");
 
         var task = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
             .Include(x => x.Teachers)
@@ -302,17 +363,55 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
         if (request.StartWeek < task.StartWeek || request.EndWeek > task.EndWeek)
             return ValidationProblem("排课周次必须位于教学任务的授课周次内。");
 
-        var classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+        var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
             .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
-                x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
+                x => x.TeachingTaskId == request.TeachingTaskId,
                 cancellationToken);
-        if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+        var requiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true;
+        if (requiresClassroom && !request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程需要占用教室，请选择教室。");
+        if (!requiresClassroom && request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程已设置为不占用教室，请清空教室。");
+        var allowedDays = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
+        if (allowedDays.Count > 0 && !allowedDays.Contains(request.DayOfWeek))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选星期不在该教学任务允许的上课日内。");
+        if (constraint?.EarliestPeriod is int earliest &&
+            request.StartPeriod < earliest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最早只能从第 {earliest} 节开始。");
+        if (constraint?.LatestPeriod is int latest &&
+            request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > latest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最晚必须在第 {latest} 节结束。");
+
+        Classroom? classroom = null;
+        if (request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+        {
+            classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+                .Include(x => x.Building)
+                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+                    x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredCampusId is Guid campusId &&
+                classroom.Building!.CampusId != campusId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的校区。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredBuildingId is Guid buildingId &&
+                classroom.BuildingId != buildingId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教学楼。");
+            var allowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+                .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
+                .ToHashSet() ?? [];
+            if (allowedClassroomIds.Count > 0 &&
+                !allowedClassroomIds.Contains(classroom.Id))
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教室范围内。");
+        }
         var studentCount = task.Classes.Sum(x =>
             x.AdministrativeClass!.Students.Count(student =>
                 student.Status == StudentStatus.Active));
-        if (studentCount > classroom.Capacity)
+        var requiredCapacity = Math.Max(task.Capacity, studentCount);
+        if (classroom is not null && requiredCapacity > classroom.Capacity)
             return ConflictProblem(
-                $"教室容量不足：教学班有 {studentCount} 名学生，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");
+                $"教室容量不足：教学任务容量为 {requiredCapacity} 人，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");
 
         var candidates = await db.ScheduleEntries.AsNoTracking()
             .Where(x =>
@@ -356,6 +455,13 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
             Notes = Normalize(request.Notes)
         };
 
+    private static HashSet<int> ParseDays(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? []
+            : value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                .Select(int.Parse)
+                .ToHashSet();
+
     private async Task<ActionResult> SaveAsync(
         Guid id,
         bool created,
@@ -396,9 +502,9 @@ public sealed record CloneSchedulePlanRequest(
 
 public sealed record ScheduleEntryRequest(
     Guid TeachingTaskId,
-    Guid ClassroomId,
+    Guid? ClassroomId,
     [Range(1, 7)] int DayOfWeek,
-    [Range(1, 12)] int StartPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int StartPeriod,
     [Range(1, 6)] int PeriodCount,
     [Range(1, 30)] int StartWeek,
     [Range(1, 30)] int EndWeek,