自动排课：保留手工安排，按教师、行政班、周次、节次、容量和场地约束补排。

课程约束：可限定校区、教学楼、指定教室、允许上课日、最早/最晚节次。无教室课程：教室可为空，但仍校验教师和班级冲突。作息维护：按学期维护节次、上下课时间和启用状态。发布保护：发布前重新检查全部约束，并阻止学时未排满的课表发布。工作台升级：增加“排课规则与作息”“自动排课”入口，自动生成后仍支持手工微调。同时兼容 SQLite 和 MySQL，已生成正式迁移。
2026-07-24 19:19:18 +08:00
parent d7cf3f9e76
commit 6538b6080a
19 changed files with 4344 additions and 37 deletions
@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ public sealed class BaseDataController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
            .Select(x => new
            {
                x.Id, x.Code, x.Name, x.BuildingId,
+                CampusId = x.Building!.CampusId,
                BuildingName = x.Building!.Name,
                CampusName = x.Building.Campus!.Name,
                x.Capacity, x.RoomType, x.Equipment, x.IsEnabled, x.SortOrder
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ public sealed class CourseSelectionsController(
                        entry.StartWeek,
                        entry.EndWeek,
                        entry.WeekPattern,
-                        entry.Classroom!.Name))
+                        entry.Classroom == null ? "不占用教室" : entry.Classroom.Name))
                    .ToList()))
            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Authorize(Roles = SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," + SystemRoles.AcademicAdmin)]
+[Route("api/schedules")]
+public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
+{
+    [HttpGet("time-slots")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetTimeSlots(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+        Ok(await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .Select(x => new
+            {
+                x.Id,
+                x.PeriodNumber,
+                x.Name,
+                StartsAt = x.StartsAt.ToString("HH:mm"),
+                EndsAt = x.EndsAt.ToString("HH:mm"),
+                x.IsEnabled
+            })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken));
+
+    [HttpPut("time-slots/{academicTermId:guid}")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ReplaceTimeSlots(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        IReadOnlyList<ScheduleTimeSlotRequest> requests,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (!await db.AcademicTerms.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == academicTermId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("学期不存在或已停用。");
+        if (requests.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("上课时间表至少需要一个节次。");
+        if (requests.Select(x => x.PeriodNumber).Distinct().Count() != requests.Count)
+            return ValidationProblem("节次编号不能重复。");
+        if (requests.Any(x => x.StartsAt >= x.EndsAt))
+            return ValidationProblem("每个节次的上课时间必须早于下课时间。");
+        var ordered = requests.OrderBy(x => x.StartsAt).ToList();
+        if (ordered.Zip(ordered.Skip(1)).Any(pair => pair.First.EndsAt > pair.Second.StartsAt))
+            return ValidationProblem("上课时间段不能相互重叠。");
+
+        var existing = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        db.ScheduleTimeSlots.RemoveRange(existing);
+        db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AddRange(requests.Select(request => new ScheduleTimeSlot
+        {
+            AcademicTermId = academicTermId,
+            PeriodNumber = request.PeriodNumber,
+            Name = request.Name.Trim(),
+            StartsAt = request.StartsAt,
+            EndsAt = request.EndsAt,
+            IsEnabled = request.IsEnabled
+        }));
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    [HttpGet("constraints")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetConstraints(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var tasks = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .Select(x => new
+            {
+                x.Id,
+                x.TaskNumber,
+                x.Name,
+                CourseName = x.Course!.Name,
+                TeacherNames = x.Teachers
+                    .OrderByDescending(item => item.IsPrimary)
+                    .Select(item => item.Teacher!.Name),
+                x.Capacity,
+                x.WeeklyHours
+            })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var taskIds = tasks.Select(x => x.Id).ToList();
+        var constraints = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => taskIds.Contains(x.TeachingTaskId))
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(tasks.Select(task =>
+        {
+            constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
+            return new
+            {
+                task.Id,
+                task.TaskNumber,
+                task.Name,
+                task.CourseName,
+                task.TeacherNames,
+                task.Capacity,
+                task.WeeklyHours,
+                RequiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true,
+                constraint?.RequiredCampusId,
+                constraint?.RequiredBuildingId,
+                AllowedDayOfWeeks = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks),
+                constraint?.EarliestPeriod,
+                constraint?.LatestPeriod,
+                AllowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+                    .Select(x => x.ClassroomId) ?? []
+            };
+        }));
+    }
+
+    [HttpPut("constraints/{teachingTaskId:guid}")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> SaveConstraint(
+        Guid teachingTaskId,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Any(day => day is < 1 or > 7))
+            return ValidationProblem("允许上课日必须位于星期一至星期日。");
+        if (request.EarliestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.LatestPeriod.HasValue &&
+            request.EarliestPeriod > request.LatestPeriod)
+            return ValidationProblem("最早节次不能晚于最晚节次。");
+        var task = await db.TeachingTasks
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == teachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        if (task is null) return NotFound();
+
+        Building? building = null;
+        if (request.RequiredBuildingId.HasValue)
+        {
+            building = await db.Buildings.AsNoTracking()
+                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+                    x => x.Id == request.RequiredBuildingId && x.IsEnabled,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            if (building is null) return ValidationProblem("指定教学楼不存在或已停用。");
+            if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+                building.CampusId != request.RequiredCampusId)
+                return ValidationProblem("指定教学楼不属于所选校区。");
+        }
+        if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+            !await db.Campuses.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == request.RequiredCampusId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定校区不存在或已停用。");
+
+        var allowedRooms = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => request.AllowedClassroomIds.Contains(x.Id) && x.IsEnabled)
+            .Include(x => x.Building)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (allowedRooms.Count != request.AllowedClassroomIds.Distinct().Count())
+            return ValidationProblem("部分指定教室不存在或已停用。");
+        if (building is not null && allowedRooms.Any(x => x.BuildingId != building.Id))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定教室必须位于所选教学楼。");
+        if (request.RequiredCampusId.HasValue &&
+            allowedRooms.Any(x => x.Building!.CampusId != request.RequiredCampusId))
+            return ValidationProblem("指定教室必须位于所选校区。");
+
+        var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId == teachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        if (constraint is null)
+        {
+            constraint = new TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint { TeachingTaskId = teachingTaskId };
+            db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.Add(constraint);
+        }
+        constraint.RequiresClassroom = request.RequiresClassroom;
+        constraint.RequiredCampusId = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.RequiredCampusId
+            : null;
+        constraint.RequiredBuildingId = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.RequiredBuildingId
+            : null;
+        constraint.AllowedDayOfWeeks = request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Count == 0
+            ? null
+            : string.Join(',', request.AllowedDayOfWeeks.Distinct().Order());
+        constraint.EarliestPeriod = request.EarliestPeriod;
+        constraint.LatestPeriod = request.LatestPeriod;
+        db.TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms.RemoveRange(constraint.AllowedClassrooms);
+        constraint.AllowedClassrooms = request.RequiresClassroom
+            ? request.AllowedClassroomIds.Distinct().Select(classroomId =>
+                new TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom { ClassroomId = classroomId }).ToList()
+            : [];
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    private static int[] ParseDays(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? []
+            : value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                .Select(int.Parse)
+                .ToArray();
+}
+
+public sealed record ScheduleTimeSlotRequest(
+    [Range(1, 30)] int PeriodNumber,
+    [Required, MaxLength(40)] string Name,
+    TimeOnly StartsAt,
+    TimeOnly EndsAt,
+    bool IsEnabled);
+
+public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest(
+    bool RequiresClassroom,
+    Guid? RequiredCampusId,
+    Guid? RequiredBuildingId,
+    IReadOnlyList<Guid> AllowedClassroomIds,
+    IReadOnlyList<int> AllowedDayOfWeeks,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? EarliestPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int? LatestPeriod);
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [ApiController]
 [Authorize(Roles = ManagementRoles)]
 [Route("api/schedules")]
-public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
+public sealed class SchedulesController(
+    AppDbContext db,
+    AutomaticScheduleGenerator scheduleGenerator) : ControllerBase
 {
    private const string ManagementRoles =
        SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -76,9 +78,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
                        ClassNames = entry.TeachingTask.Classes
                            .Select(item => item.AdministrativeClass!.Name),
                        entry.ClassroomId,
-                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom!.Name,
-                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
-                        CampusName = entry.Classroom.Building.Campus!.Name,
+                        ClassroomName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Name,
+                        BuildingName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Name,
+                        CampusName = entry.Classroom == null
+                            ? null
+                            : entry.Classroom.Building!.Campus!.Name,
                        entry.DayOfWeek,
                        entry.StartPeriod,
                        entry.PeriodCount,
@@ -194,6 +202,41 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
        if (plan.Entries.Count == 0)
            return ConflictProblem("排课版本中至少需要一条课表安排。");

+        foreach (var entry in plan.Entries)
+        {
+            var validation = await ValidateEntryAsync(
+                plan,
+                entry.Id,
+                new ScheduleEntryRequest(
+                    entry.TeachingTaskId,
+                    entry.ClassroomId,
+                    entry.DayOfWeek,
+                    entry.StartPeriod,
+                    entry.PeriodCount,
+                    entry.StartWeek,
+                    entry.EndWeek,
+                    entry.WeekPattern,
+                    entry.Notes),
+                cancellationToken);
+            if (validation is not null) return validation;
+        }
+
+        var requiredTasks = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.TaskNumber, x.Name, x.WeeklyHours })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var scheduledHours = plan.Entries
+            .GroupBy(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Sum(x => x.PeriodCount));
+        var incomplete = requiredTasks.FirstOrDefault(task =>
+            !scheduledHours.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var hours) ||
+            hours < task.WeeklyHours);
+        if (incomplete is not null)
+            return ConflictProblem(
+                $"{incomplete.TaskNumber} · {incomplete.Name} 尚未达到每周 {incomplete.WeeklyHours} 学时，不能发布。");
+
        var conflict = ScheduleConflictDetector.FindConflict(plan.Entries.ToList());
        if (conflict is not null) return ConflictProblem(conflict);

@@ -227,6 +270,17 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
        return await SaveAsync(entry.Id, true, cancellationToken);
    }

+    [HttpPost("plans/{planId:guid}/auto-schedule")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> AutoSchedule(
+        Guid planId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var plan = await DraftPlanAsync(planId, cancellationToken);
+        if (plan is null) return NotFound();
+        var result = await scheduleGenerator.GenerateAsync(plan, cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(result);
+    }
+
    [HttpPut("plans/{planId:guid}/entries/{entryId:guid}")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateEntry(
        Guid planId,
@@ -286,8 +340,15 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
    {
        if (request.StartWeek > request.EndWeek)
            return ValidationProblem("开始周不能晚于结束周。");
-        if (request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > 12)
-            return ValidationProblem("结束节次不能超过第 12 节。");
+        var activePeriods = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
+            .Select(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (activePeriods.Count == 0)
+            return ValidationProblem("请先维护该学期的上课时间表。");
+        if (Enumerable.Range(request.StartPeriod, request.PeriodCount)
+            .Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选节次包含未启用或不存在的上课时间。");

        var task = await db.TeachingTasks.AsNoTracking()
            .Include(x => x.Teachers)
@@ -302,17 +363,55 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
        if (request.StartWeek < task.StartWeek || request.EndWeek > task.EndWeek)
            return ValidationProblem("排课周次必须位于教学任务的授课周次内。");

-        var classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+        var constraint = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
-                x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
+                x => x.TeachingTaskId == request.TeachingTaskId,
                cancellationToken);
-        if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+        var requiresClassroom = constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true;
+        if (requiresClassroom && !request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程需要占用教室，请选择教室。");
+        if (!requiresClassroom && request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+            return ValidationProblem("该课程已设置为不占用教室，请清空教室。");
+        var allowedDays = ParseDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
+        if (allowedDays.Count > 0 && !allowedDays.Contains(request.DayOfWeek))
+            return ValidationProblem("所选星期不在该教学任务允许的上课日内。");
+        if (constraint?.EarliestPeriod is int earliest &&
+            request.StartPeriod < earliest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最早只能从第 {earliest} 节开始。");
+        if (constraint?.LatestPeriod is int latest &&
+            request.StartPeriod + request.PeriodCount - 1 > latest)
+            return ValidationProblem($"该教学任务最晚必须在第 {latest} 节结束。");
+
+        Classroom? classroom = null;
+        if (request.ClassroomId.HasValue)
+        {
+            classroom = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+                .Include(x => x.Building)
+                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(
+                    x => x.Id == request.ClassroomId && x.IsEnabled,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            if (classroom is null) return ValidationProblem("所选教室不存在或已停用。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredCampusId is Guid campusId &&
+                classroom.Building!.CampusId != campusId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的校区。");
+            if (constraint?.RequiredBuildingId is Guid buildingId &&
+                classroom.BuildingId != buildingId)
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教学楼。");
+            var allowedClassroomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+                .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
+                .ToHashSet() ?? [];
+            if (allowedClassroomIds.Count > 0 &&
+                !allowedClassroomIds.Contains(classroom.Id))
+                return ValidationProblem("所选教室不在该课程指定的教室范围内。");
+        }
        var studentCount = task.Classes.Sum(x =>
            x.AdministrativeClass!.Students.Count(student =>
                student.Status == StudentStatus.Active));
-        if (studentCount > classroom.Capacity)
+        var requiredCapacity = Math.Max(task.Capacity, studentCount);
+        if (classroom is not null && requiredCapacity > classroom.Capacity)
            return ConflictProblem(
-                $"教室容量不足：教学班有 {studentCount} 名学生，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");
+                $"教室容量不足：教学任务容量为 {requiredCapacity} 人，教室仅容纳 {classroom.Capacity} 人。");

        var candidates = await db.ScheduleEntries.AsNoTracking()
            .Where(x =>
@@ -356,6 +455,13 @@ public sealed class SchedulesController(AppDbContext db) : ControllerBase
            Notes = Normalize(request.Notes)
        };

+    private static HashSet<int> ParseDays(string? value) =>
+        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? []
+            : value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                .Select(int.Parse)
+                .ToHashSet();
+
    private async Task<ActionResult> SaveAsync(
        Guid id,
        bool created,
@@ -396,9 +502,9 @@ public sealed record CloneSchedulePlanRequest(

 public sealed record ScheduleEntryRequest(
    Guid TeachingTaskId,
-    Guid ClassroomId,
+    Guid? ClassroomId,
    [Range(1, 7)] int DayOfWeek,
-    [Range(1, 12)] int StartPeriod,
+    [Range(1, 30)] int StartPeriod,
    [Range(1, 6)] int PeriodCount,
    [Range(1, 30)] int StartWeek,
    [Range(1, 30)] int EndWeek,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public sealed class ScheduleEntry : EntityBase
    public SchedulePlan? SchedulePlan { get; set; }
    public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }
    public TeachingTask? TeachingTask { get; set; }
-    public Guid ClassroomId { get; set; }
+    public Guid? ClassroomId { get; set; }
    public Classroom? Classroom { get; set; }
    public int DayOfWeek { get; set; }
    public int StartPeriod { get; set; }
@@ -31,6 +31,40 @@ public sealed class ScheduleEntry : EntityBase
    public string? Notes { get; set; }
 }

+public sealed class ScheduleTimeSlot : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid AcademicTermId { get; set; }
+    public AcademicTerm? AcademicTerm { get; set; }
+    public int PeriodNumber { get; set; }
+    public required string Name { get; set; }
+    public TimeOnly StartsAt { get; set; }
+    public TimeOnly EndsAt { get; set; }
+    public bool IsEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+}
+
+public sealed class TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }
+    public TeachingTask? TeachingTask { get; set; }
+    public bool RequiresClassroom { get; set; } = true;
+    public Guid? RequiredCampusId { get; set; }
+    public Campus? RequiredCampus { get; set; }
+    public Guid? RequiredBuildingId { get; set; }
+    public Building? RequiredBuilding { get; set; }
+    public string? AllowedDayOfWeeks { get; set; }
+    public int? EarliestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public int? LatestPeriod { get; set; }
+    public ICollection<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> AllowedClassrooms { get; set; } = [];
+}
+
+public sealed class TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom
+{
+    public Guid TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId { get; set; }
+    public TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint { get; set; }
+    public Guid ClassroomId { get; set; }
+    public Classroom? Classroom { get; set; }
+}
+
 public enum SchedulePlanStatus
 {
    Draft = 1,
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
    public DbSet<TeachingTaskClass> TeachingTaskClasses => Set<TeachingTaskClass>();
    public DbSet<SchedulePlan> SchedulePlans => Set<SchedulePlan>();
    public DbSet<ScheduleEntry> ScheduleEntries => Set<ScheduleEntry>();
+    public DbSet<ScheduleTimeSlot> ScheduleTimeSlots => Set<ScheduleTimeSlot>();
+    public DbSet<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint> TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints =>
+        Set<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>();
+    public DbSet<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms =>
+        Set<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom>();
    public DbSet<CourseSelectionRound> CourseSelectionRounds =>
        Set<CourseSelectionRound>();
    public DbSet<CourseSelectionOffering> CourseSelectionOfferings =>
@@ -293,6 +298,51 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
                .WithMany()
                .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.Classroom)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.ClassroomId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<ScheduleTimeSlot>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.Name).HasMaxLength(40);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => new { x.AcademicTermId, x.PeriodNumber }).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.AcademicTerm)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.AcademicTermId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.Property(x => x.AllowedDayOfWeeks).HasMaxLength(20);
+            entity.HasIndex(x => x.TeachingTaskId).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.TeachingTask)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.RequiredCampus)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.RequiredCampusId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.RequiredBuilding)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.RequiredBuildingId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+        });
+
+        builder.Entity<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.HasKey(x => new
+            {
+                x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId,
+                x.ClassroomId
+            });
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint)
+                .WithMany(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
            entity.HasOne(x => x.Classroom)
                .WithMany()
                .HasForeignKey(x => x.ClassroomId)
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
    private const string DegreeAwardsMigration = "20260724_11_degree_awards";
    private const string GraduationClearanceMigration = "20260724_12_graduation_clearance";
    private const string CourseCategoriesMigration = "20260724_13_course_categories";
+    private const string SchedulingOptimizationMigration =
+        "20260724_14_scheduling_optimization";

    public async Task MigrateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
    {
@@ -107,6 +109,18 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
                        "ALTER TABLE", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                : CourseCategoriesStatements,
            cancellationToken);
+        var schedulingOptimizationExists = await db.Database
+            .SqlQueryRaw<int>(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Value"
+                FROM sqlite_master
+                WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'ScheduleTimeSlots'
+                """)
+            .AnyAsync(value => value > 0, cancellationToken);
+        await ApplyMigrationAsync(
+            SchedulingOptimizationMigration,
+            schedulingOptimizationExists ? [] : SchedulingOptimizationStatements,
+            cancellationToken);
    }

    private async Task ApplyMigrationAsync(
@@ -814,4 +828,129 @@ public sealed class DevelopmentSqliteMigrator(
            ON "Courses" ("CourseCategoryId");
        """
    ];
+
+    private static readonly string[] SchedulingOptimizationStatements =
+    [
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "ScheduleEntries_New" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_ScheduleEntries" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "SchedulePlanId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "TeachingTaskId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ClassroomId" TEXT NULL,
+            "DayOfWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "StartPeriod" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "PeriodCount" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "StartWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "EndWeek" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "WeekPattern" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "Notes" TEXT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_SchedulePlans_SchedulePlanId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("SchedulePlanId") REFERENCES "SchedulePlans" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskId") REFERENCES "TeachingTasks" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("ClassroomId") REFERENCES "Classrooms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE SET NULL
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        INSERT INTO "ScheduleEntries_New"
+        SELECT "Id", "SchedulePlanId", "TeachingTaskId", "ClassroomId",
+               "DayOfWeek", "StartPeriod", "PeriodCount", "StartWeek", "EndWeek",
+               "WeekPattern", "Notes", "CreatedAt", "UpdatedAt"
+        FROM "ScheduleEntries";
+        """,
+        """DROP TABLE "ScheduleEntries";""",
+        """ALTER TABLE "ScheduleEntries_New" RENAME TO "ScheduleEntries";""",
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_SchedulePlanId_DayOfWeek_StartPeriod"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("SchedulePlanId", "DayOfWeek", "StartPeriod");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_TeachingTaskId"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("TeachingTaskId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_ScheduleEntries_ClassroomId"
+            ON "ScheduleEntries" ("ClassroomId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "ScheduleTimeSlots" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_ScheduleTimeSlots" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "AcademicTermId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "PeriodNumber" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "Name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "StartsAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "EndsAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "IsEnabled" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTerms_AcademicTermId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("AcademicTermId") REFERENCES "AcademicTerms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IX_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTermId_PeriodNumber"
+            ON "ScheduleTimeSlots" ("AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" (
+            "Id" TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" PRIMARY KEY,
+            "TeachingTaskId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "RequiresClassroom" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            "RequiredCampusId" TEXT NULL,
+            "RequiredBuildingId" TEXT NULL,
+            "AllowedDayOfWeeks" TEXT NULL,
+            "EarliestPeriod" INTEGER NULL,
+            "LatestPeriod" INTEGER NULL,
+            "CreatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "UpdatedAt" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskId") REFERENCES "TeachingTasks" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Campuses_RequiredCampusId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("RequiredCampusId") REFERENCES "Campuses" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Buildings_RequiredBuildingId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("RequiredBuildingId") REFERENCES "Buildings" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTaskId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("TeachingTaskId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredCampusId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("RequiredCampusId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredBuildingId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("RequiredBuildingId");
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms" (
+            "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            "ClassroomId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+            CONSTRAINT "PK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms"
+                PRIMARY KEY ("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId", "ClassroomId"),
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Constraints"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                REFERENCES "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            CONSTRAINT "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Classrooms_ClassroomId"
+                FOREIGN KEY ("ClassroomId") REFERENCES "Classrooms" ("Id")
+                ON DELETE RESTRICT
+        );
+        """,
+        """
+        CREATE INDEX "IX_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_ClassroomId"
+            ON "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms" ("ClassroomId");
+        """
+    ];
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+using System;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+
+#nullable disable
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public partial class SchedulingOptimization : Migration
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                type: "char(36)",
+                nullable: true,
+                oldClrType: typeof(Guid),
+                oldType: "char(36)");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "ScheduleTimeSlots",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    Id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    AcademicTermId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    PeriodNumber = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false),
+                    Name = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(40)", maxLength: 40, nullable: false),
+                    StartsAt = table.Column<TimeOnly>(type: "time", nullable: false),
+                    EndsAt = table.Column<TimeOnly>(type: "time", nullable: false),
+                    IsEnabled = table.Column<bool>(type: "tinyint(1)", nullable: false),
+                    CreatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    UpdatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_ScheduleTimeSlots", x => x.Id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTerms_AcademicTermId",
+                        column: x => x.AcademicTermId,
+                        principalTable: "AcademicTerms",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    Id = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    TeachingTaskId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    RequiresClassroom = table.Column<bool>(type: "tinyint(1)", nullable: false),
+                    RequiredCampusId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: true),
+                    RequiredBuildingId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: true),
+                    AllowedDayOfWeeks = table.Column<string>(type: "varchar(20)", maxLength: 20, nullable: true),
+                    EarliestPeriod = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: true),
+                    LatestPeriod = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: true),
+                    CreatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false),
+                    UpdatedAt = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints", x => x.Id);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Buildings_RequiredBuildingId",
+                        column: x => x.RequiredBuildingId,
+                        principalTable: "Buildings",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_Campuses_RequiredCampusId",
+                        column: x => x.RequiredCampusId,
+                        principalTable: "Campuses",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTasks_TeachingTaskId",
+                        column: x => x.TeachingTaskId,
+                        principalTable: "TeachingTasks",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms",
+                columns: table => new
+                {
+                    TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false),
+                    ClassroomId = table.Column<Guid>(type: "char(36)", nullable: false)
+                },
+                constraints: table =>
+                {
+                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms", x => new { x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId, x.ClassroomId });
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                        column: x => x.ClassroomId,
+                        principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+                    table.ForeignKey(
+                        name: "FK_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint~",
+                        column: x => x.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId,
+                        principalTable: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                        principalColumn: "Id",
+                        onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
+                })
+                .Annotation("MySQL:Charset", "utf8mb4");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_ScheduleTimeSlots_AcademicTermId_PeriodNumber",
+                table: "ScheduleTimeSlots",
+                columns: new[] { "AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber" },
+                unique: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms",
+                column: "ClassroomId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredBuildingId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "RequiredBuildingId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_RequiredCampusId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "RequiredCampusId");
+
+            migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
+                name: "IX_TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints_TeachingTaskId",
+                table: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints",
+                column: "TeachingTaskId",
+                unique: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                column: "ClassroomId",
+                principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                principalColumn: "Id",
+                onDelete: ReferentialAction.SetNull);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
+        {
+            migrationBuilder.DropForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "ScheduleTimeSlots");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms");
+
+            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
+                name: "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints");
+
+            migrationBuilder.AlterColumn<Guid>(
+                name: "ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                type: "char(36)",
+                nullable: false,
+                defaultValue: new Guid("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"),
+                oldClrType: typeof(Guid),
+                oldType: "char(36)",
+                oldNullable: true);
+
+            migrationBuilder.AddForeignKey(
+                name: "FK_ScheduleEntries_Classrooms_ClassroomId",
+                table: "ScheduleEntries",
+                column: "ClassroomId",
+                principalTable: "Classrooms",
+                principalColumn: "Id",
+                onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");

-                    b.Property<Guid>("ClassroomId")
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("ClassroomId")
                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");

                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
@@ -1385,6 +1385,46 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.ToTable("SchedulePlans");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.ScheduleTimeSlot", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("AcademicTermId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<TimeOnly>("EndsAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("time");
+
+                    b.Property<bool>("IsEnabled")
+                        .HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("Name")
+                        .IsRequired()
+                        .HasMaxLength(40)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(40)");
+
+                    b.Property<int>("PeriodNumber")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<TimeOnly>("StartsAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("time");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("AcademicTermId", "PeriodNumber")
+                        .IsUnique();
+
+                    b.ToTable("ScheduleTimeSlots");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Student", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
@@ -1636,6 +1676,21 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.ToTable("TeachingTasks");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("ClassroomId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId", "ClassroomId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("ClassroomId");
+
+                    b.ToTable("TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskClass", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
@@ -1651,6 +1706,52 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.ToTable("TeachingTaskClasses");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Property<Guid>("Id")
+                        .ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<string>("AllowedDayOfWeeks")
+                        .HasMaxLength(20)
+                        .HasColumnType("varchar(20)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("CreatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.Property<int?>("EarliestPeriod")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<int?>("LatestPeriod")
+                        .HasColumnType("int");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("RequiredBuildingId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid?>("RequiredCampusId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<bool>("RequiresClassroom")
+                        .HasColumnType("tinyint(1)");
+
+                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .HasColumnType("char(36)");
+
+                    b.Property<DateTime>("UpdatedAt")
+                        .HasColumnType("datetime(6)");
+
+                    b.HasKey("Id");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("RequiredBuildingId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("RequiredCampusId");
+
+                    b.HasIndex("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .IsUnique();
+
+                    b.ToTable("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskTeacher", b =>
                {
                    b.Property<Guid>("TeachingTaskId")
@@ -2277,8 +2378,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Classroom", "Classroom")
                        .WithMany()
                        .HasForeignKey("ClassroomId")
-                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
-                        .IsRequired();
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull);

                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.SchedulePlan", "SchedulePlan")
                        .WithMany("Entries")
@@ -2310,6 +2410,17 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.Navigation("AcademicTerm");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.ScheduleTimeSlot", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AcademicTerm", "AcademicTerm")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("AcademicTermId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("AcademicTerm");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Student", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AdministrativeClass", "AdministrativeClass")
@@ -2372,6 +2483,25 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.Navigation("Course");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Classroom", "Classroom")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("ClassroomId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", "TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint")
+                        .WithMany("AllowedClassrooms")
+                        .HasForeignKey("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("Classroom");
+
+                    b.Navigation("TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskClass", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.AdministrativeClass", "AdministrativeClass")
@@ -2391,6 +2521,31 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql
                    b.Navigation("TeachingTask");
                });

+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Building", "RequiredBuilding")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("RequiredBuildingId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Campus", "RequiredCampus")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("RequiredCampusId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
+
+                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTask", "TeachingTask")
+                        .WithMany()
+                        .HasForeignKey("TeachingTaskId")
+                        .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
+                        .IsRequired();
+
+                    b.Navigation("RequiredBuilding");
+
+                    b.Navigation("RequiredCampus");
+
+                    b.Navigation("TeachingTask");
+                });
+
            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskTeacher", b =>
                {
                    b.HasOne("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.Teacher", "Teacher")
@@ -2532,6 +2687,11 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence.Migrations.MySql

                    b.Navigation("Teachers");
                });
+
+            modelBuilder.Entity("Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint", b =>
+                {
+                    b.Navigation("AllowedClassrooms");
+                });
 #pragma warning restore 612, 618
        }
    }
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
+
+public sealed class AutomaticScheduleGenerator(AppDbContext db)
+{
+    public async Task<AutomaticScheduleResult> GenerateAsync(
+        SchedulePlan plan,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var timeSlots = await db.ScheduleTimeSlots.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId && x.IsEnabled)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.PeriodNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (timeSlots.Count == 0)
+            return new(0, 0, ["请先维护该学期的上课时间表。"]);
+
+        var activePeriods = timeSlots.Select(x => x.PeriodNumber).ToHashSet();
+        var tasks = await db.TeachingTasks
+            .Where(x =>
+                x.AcademicTermId == plan.AcademicTermId &&
+                x.Status == TeachingTaskStatus.Published)
+            .Include(x => x.Teachers)
+            .Include(x => x.Classes)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x.AdministrativeClass)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Students)
+            .OrderByDescending(x => x.Classes.Count + x.Teachers.Count)
+            .ThenByDescending(x => x.Capacity)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.TaskNumber)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var constraints = await db.TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => tasks.Select(task => task.Id).Contains(x.TeachingTaskId))
+            .Include(x => x.AllowedClassrooms)
+            .ToDictionaryAsync(x => x.TeachingTaskId, cancellationToken);
+        var classrooms = await db.Classrooms.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.IsEnabled)
+            .Include(x => x.Building)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Capacity)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Name)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var entries = await db.ScheduleEntries
+            .Where(x => x.SchedulePlanId == plan.Id)
+            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Teachers)
+            .Include(x => x.TeachingTask)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Classes)
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+        var created = 0;
+        var completedTasks = 0;
+        var messages = new List<string>();
+        foreach (var task in tasks)
+        {
+            constraints.TryGetValue(task.Id, out var constraint);
+            var scheduledHours = entries
+                .Where(x => x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id)
+                .Sum(x => x.PeriodCount);
+            var remainingHours = Math.Max(0, task.WeeklyHours - scheduledHours);
+            if (remainingHours == 0)
+            {
+                completedTasks++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            while (remainingHours > 0)
+            {
+                var desiredBlock = remainingHours >= 2 ? 2 : 1;
+                var candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                    plan.Id,
+                    task,
+                    constraint,
+                    desiredBlock,
+                    activePeriods,
+                    classrooms,
+                    entries);
+                if (candidate is null && desiredBlock > 1)
+                {
+                    candidate = FindBestCandidate(
+                        plan.Id,
+                        task,
+                        constraint,
+                        1,
+                        activePeriods,
+                        classrooms,
+                        entries);
+                }
+                if (candidate is null) break;
+
+                db.ScheduleEntries.Add(candidate);
+                entries.Add(candidate);
+                created++;
+                remainingHours -= candidate.PeriodCount;
+            }
+
+            if (remainingHours == 0)
+            {
+                completedTasks++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                messages.Add(
+                    $"{task.TaskNumber} · {task.Name} 仍有 {remainingHours} 学时无法安排，请检查教师/班级冲突或场地与时间约束。");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (created > 0)
+            await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return new(created, completedTasks, messages);
+    }
+
+    private static ScheduleEntry? FindBestCandidate(
+        Guid planId,
+        TeachingTask task,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        int periodCount,
+        HashSet<int> activePeriods,
+        IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms,
+        IReadOnlyList<ScheduleEntry> entries)
+    {
+        var allowedDays = ParseAllowedDays(constraint?.AllowedDayOfWeeks);
+        var firstPeriod = constraint?.EarliestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Min();
+        var lastPeriod = constraint?.LatestPeriod ?? activePeriods.Max();
+        var rooms = EligibleRooms(task, constraint, classrooms);
+        if ((constraint?.RequiresClassroom ?? true) && rooms.Count == 0)
+            return null;
+
+        var candidates = new List<(ScheduleEntry Entry, int Score)>();
+        foreach (var day in allowedDays)
+        {
+            for (var start = firstPeriod; start + periodCount - 1 <= lastPeriod; start++)
+            {
+                if (Enumerable.Range(start, periodCount).Any(period => !activePeriods.Contains(period)))
+                    continue;
+
+                var roomOptions = constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false
+                    ? new Classroom?[] { null }
+                    : rooms.Cast<Classroom?>().ToArray();
+                foreach (var room in roomOptions)
+                {
+                    var proposed = new ScheduleEntry
+                    {
+                        SchedulePlanId = planId,
+                        TeachingTaskId = task.Id,
+                        TeachingTask = task,
+                        ClassroomId = room?.Id,
+                        Classroom = room,
+                        DayOfWeek = day,
+                        StartPeriod = start,
+                        PeriodCount = periodCount,
+                        StartWeek = task.StartWeek,
+                        EndWeek = task.EndWeek,
+                        WeekPattern = WeekPattern.All,
+                        Notes = "自动排课"
+                    };
+                    if (entries.Any(existing =>
+                            ScheduleConflictDetector.TimeOverlaps(existing, proposed) &&
+                            ScheduleConflictDetector.ConflictReason(existing, proposed) is not null))
+                        continue;
+
+                    var sameTaskDay = entries.Count(x =>
+                        x.TeachingTaskId == task.Id && x.DayOfWeek == day);
+                    var dayLoad = entries.Count(x => x.DayOfWeek == day);
+                    var roomWaste = room is null ? 0 : Math.Max(0, room.Capacity - task.Capacity);
+                    var score = sameTaskDay * 1000 + dayLoad * 10 + start + roomWaste / 10;
+                    candidates.Add((proposed, score));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return candidates
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Score)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Entry.DayOfWeek)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Entry.StartPeriod)
+            .Select(x => x.Entry)
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<Classroom> EligibleRooms(
+        TeachingTask task,
+        TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint? constraint,
+        IReadOnlyList<Classroom> classrooms)
+    {
+        if (constraint?.RequiresClassroom == false) return [];
+        var allowedRoomIds = constraint?.AllowedClassrooms
+            .Select(x => x.ClassroomId)
+            .ToHashSet() ?? [];
+        var minimumCapacity = Math.Max(
+            task.Capacity,
+            task.Classes.Sum(x =>
+                x.AdministrativeClass?.Students.Count(student =>
+                    student.Status == StudentStatus.Active) ?? 0));
+        return classrooms.Where(room =>
+                room.Capacity >= minimumCapacity &&
+                (!constraint?.RequiredCampusId.HasValue ?? true ||
+                    room.Building!.CampusId == constraint.RequiredCampusId) &&
+                (!constraint?.RequiredBuildingId.HasValue ?? true ||
+                    room.BuildingId == constraint.RequiredBuildingId) &&
+                (allowedRoomIds.Count == 0 || allowedRoomIds.Contains(room.Id)))
+            .ToList();
+    }
+
+    private static int[] ParseAllowedDays(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+        var days = value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+            .Select(item => int.TryParse(item, out var day) ? day : 0)
+            .Where(day => day is >= 1 and <= 7)
+            .Distinct()
+            .Order()
+            .ToArray();
+        return days.Length == 0 ? [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] : days;
+    }
+}
+
+public sealed record AutomaticScheduleResult(
+    int CreatedEntries,
+    int CompletedTasks,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> Messages);
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ public static class ScheduleConflictDetector

    public static string? ConflictReason(ScheduleEntry first, ScheduleEntry second)
    {
-        if (first.ClassroomId == second.ClassroomId) return "教室";
+        if (first.ClassroomId.HasValue &&
+            second.ClassroomId.HasValue &&
+            first.ClassroomId == second.ClassroomId)
+            return "教室";
        var firstTeachers = first.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Select(x => x.TeacherId).ToHashSet();
        if (second.TeachingTask!.Teachers.Any(x => firstTeachers.Contains(x.TeacherId)))
            return "教师";
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Middleware;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ builder.Services.AddScoped<ITokenService, TokenService>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<ICurrentUserDataScope, CurrentUserDataScope>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DatabaseInitializer>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DevelopmentSqliteMigrator>();
+builder.Services.AddScoped<AutomaticScheduleGenerator>();

 builder.Services
    .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)