取消新增/Excel 导入档案时自动创建账号。

取消修改人员档案时同步登录账号。
Excel 人员模板恢复为不含“初始密码”。
登录页新增“学生首次登录？自助激活账号”入口。
公开激活地址：http://127.0.0.1:5255/activate

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 权限采用后端强制校验的角色与数据范围模型。多角色账号按 `All > College > Class > Self` 取最高数据范围：校级角色可访问全校数据，院系管理员限定本学院，辅导员通过稳定的账号 ID 绑定所带行政班，教师和学生限定本人及当前教学关系；前端菜单和路由限制仅作为交互辅助，不替代 API 授权。
 
-学生和教师档案是登录账号的人员主数据：新增或 Excel 导入档案时，系统以学号/工号自动创建同名登录账号并分配学生/教师角色，后续修改姓名、编号、学院或在籍/在职状态时同步账号。`AspNetUsers` 仅作为 ASP.NET Core Identity 的内部安全存储，负责密码哈希、登录锁定、角色和令牌，不需要再手工重复建立学生、教师用户。
+人员档案与登录账号分开维护。新增或 Excel 导入学生、教师档案时不会自动创建账号，也不会在修改档案时同步账号。学生首次使用时可以在登录页进入“自助激活”，填写姓名、学号、学院、专业、年级和行政班；全部匹配在籍档案后自行设置密码，系统才创建 Identity 登录账号并关联学生角色。`AspNetUsers` 作为 ASP.NET Core Identity 的内部安全存储，负责密码哈希、登录锁定、角色和令牌。
 
 ## 本地开发：热更新模式
 

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/AuthController.cs

@@ -1,19 +1,117 @@
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.Security.Claims;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
+using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
 namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 
 [ApiController]
 [Route("api/auth")]
 public sealed class AuthController(
+    AppDbContext db,
     UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager,
     ITokenService tokenService) : ControllerBase
 {
+    [AllowAnonymous]
+    [HttpGet("activation-options")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetActivationOptions(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var colleges = await db.Colleges.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.IsEnabled)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Code)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.Code, x.Name })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var majors = await db.Majors.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.IsEnabled && x.College!.IsEnabled)
+            .OrderBy(x => x.Code)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.Code, x.Name, x.CollegeId })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var classes = await db.AdministrativeClasses.AsNoTracking()
+            .Where(x => x.IsEnabled && x.Major!.IsEnabled && x.Major.College!.IsEnabled)
+            .OrderByDescending(x => x.Grade)
+            .ThenBy(x => x.Code)
+            .Select(x => new { x.Id, x.Code, x.Name, x.Grade, x.MajorId })
+            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(new
+        {
+            Colleges = colleges,
+            Majors = majors,
+            Classes = classes,
+            Grades = classes.Select(x => x.Grade).Distinct().OrderByDescending(x => x)
+        });
+    }
+
+    [AllowAnonymous]
+    [EnableRateLimiting("public-auth")]
+    [HttpPost("activate-student")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> ActivateStudent(
+        StudentActivationRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var name = request.Name.Trim();
+        var studentNumber = request.StudentNumber.Trim();
+        var student = await db.Students
+            .Include(x => x.AdministrativeClass)
+            .ThenInclude(x => x!.Major)
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x =>
+                    x.Status == StudentStatus.Active &&
+                    x.Name == name &&
+                    x.StudentNumber == studentNumber &&
+                    x.EnrollmentYear == request.Grade &&
+                    x.AdministrativeClassId == request.AdministrativeClassId &&
+                    x.AdministrativeClass!.Grade == request.Grade &&
+                    x.AdministrativeClass.MajorId == request.MajorId &&
+                    x.AdministrativeClass.Major!.CollegeId == request.CollegeId,
+                cancellationToken);
+        if (student is null)
+            return ActivationProblem(
+                "填写的信息与在籍学生档案不完全一致，请核对后重试。",
+                StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest);
+        if (student.UserId.HasValue)
+            return ActivationProblem(
+                "该学号已经激活，请直接登录；如忘记密码请联系管理员重置。",
+                StatusCodes.Status409Conflict);
+        if (await userManager.FindByNameAsync(studentNumber) is not null)
+            return ActivationProblem(
+                "该学号已有登录账号但未正确关联，请联系管理员处理。",
+                StatusCodes.Status409Conflict);
+
+        await using var transaction = await db.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(cancellationToken);
+        var user = new ApplicationUser
+        {
+            UserName = studentNumber,
+            DisplayName = student.Name,
+            StaffNumber = studentNumber,
+            CollegeId = request.CollegeId,
+            IsEnabled = true,
+            LockoutEnabled = true
+        };
+        var result = await userManager.CreateAsync(user, request.Password);
+        if (!result.Succeeded)
+        {
+            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return IdentityValidationProblem(result);
+        }
+        result = await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, SystemRoles.Student);
+        if (!result.Succeeded)
+        {
+            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return IdentityValidationProblem(result);
+        }
+
+        student.UserId = user.Id;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(new { UserName = studentNumber });
+    }
+
     [AllowAnonymous]
     [HttpPost("login")]
     public async Task<ActionResult<LoginResponse>> Login(LoginRequest request)
@@ -77,12 +175,36 @@ public sealed class AuthController(
             user.CollegeId,
             EffectiveDataScopeResolver.Resolve(roles).ToString());
     }
+
+    private ActionResult IdentityValidationProblem(IdentityResult result)
+    {
+        foreach (var error in result.Errors)
+            ModelState.AddModelError(error.Code, error.Description);
+        return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
+    }
+
+    private ActionResult ActivationProblem(string detail, int status) =>
+        StatusCode(status, new ProblemDetails
+        {
+            Title = "账号激活失败",
+            Detail = detail,
+            Status = status
+        });
 }
 
 public sealed record LoginRequest(
     [Required, MaxLength(100)] string UserName,
     [Required, MaxLength(100)] string Password);
 
+public sealed record StudentActivationRequest(
+    [Required, MaxLength(50)] string Name,
+    [Required, MaxLength(30)] string StudentNumber,
+    Guid CollegeId,
+    Guid MajorId,
+    [Range(2000, 2200)] int Grade,
+    Guid AdministrativeClassId,
+    [Required, MinLength(8), MaxLength(100)] string Password);
+
 public sealed record LoginResponse(string Token, CurrentUserResponse User);
 
 public sealed record CurrentUserResponse(

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelController.cs

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [Route("api/personnel")]
 public sealed class PersonnelController(
     AppDbContext db,
-    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope,
+    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope) : ControllerBase
-    PersonnelAccountService personnelAccountService) : ControllerBase
 {
     private const string ReadRoles =
         SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -104,14 +103,7 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
             Notes = Normalize(request.Notes)
         };
         db.Teachers.Add(entity);
-        return await CreateWithAccountAsync(
+        return await SaveCreatedAsync(entity.Id, cancellationToken);
-            entity.Id,
-            request.InitialPassword,
-            () => personnelAccountService.EnsureTeacherAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                request.InitialPassword,
-                cancellationToken),
-            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     [HttpPut("teachers/{id:guid}")]
@@ -138,18 +130,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
         entity.Phone = Normalize(request.Phone);
         entity.Email = Normalize(request.Email);
         entity.Notes = Normalize(request.Notes);
-        if (!entity.UserId.HasValue &&
-            (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.InitialPassword) ||
-             request.InitialPassword.Length < 8))
-            return ValidationProblem("该教师档案尚未开通账号，请填写至少 8 位初始密码。");
-        if (entity.UserId.HasValue || !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.InitialPassword))
-        {
-            var account = await personnelAccountService.EnsureTeacherAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                request.InitialPassword,
-                cancellationToken);
-            if (!account.Success) return AccountProblem(account.Error!);
-        }
         return await SaveNoContentAsync(cancellationToken);
     }
 
@@ -259,14 +239,7 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
             Notes = Normalize(request.Notes)
         };
         db.Students.Add(entity);
-        return await CreateWithAccountAsync(
+        return await SaveCreatedAsync(entity.Id, cancellationToken);
-            entity.Id,
-            request.InitialPassword,
-            () => personnelAccountService.EnsureStudentAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                request.InitialPassword,
-                cancellationToken),
-            cancellationToken);
     }
 
     [HttpPut("students/{id:guid}")]
@@ -303,18 +276,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
         entity.Phone = Normalize(request.Phone);
         entity.Email = Normalize(request.Email);
         entity.Notes = Normalize(request.Notes);
-        if (!entity.UserId.HasValue &&
-            (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.InitialPassword) ||
-             request.InitialPassword.Length < 8))
-            return ValidationProblem("该学生档案尚未开通账号，请填写至少 8 位初始密码。");
-        if (entity.UserId.HasValue || !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.InitialPassword))
-        {
-            var account = await personnelAccountService.EnsureStudentAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                request.InitialPassword,
-                cancellationToken);
-            if (!account.Success) return AccountProblem(account.Error!);
-        }
         return await SaveNoContentAsync(cancellationToken);
     }
 
@@ -411,39 +372,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
         }
     }
 
-    private async Task<ActionResult> CreateWithAccountAsync(
-        Guid id,
-        string? initialPassword,
-        Func<Task<PersonnelAccountResult>> createAccount,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-    {
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(initialPassword) || initialPassword.Length < 8)
-            return ValidationProblem("新增人员时必须填写至少 8 位初始密码。");
-
-        await using var transaction = await db.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(cancellationToken);
-        try
-        {
-            var account = await createAccount();
-            if (!account.Success)
-            {
-                await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
-                return AccountProblem(account.Error!);
-            }
-            await transaction.CommitAsync(cancellationToken);
-            return Created(string.Empty, new
-            {
-                id,
-                account.UserId,
-                account.UserName
-            });
-        }
-        catch (DbUpdateException)
-        {
-            await transaction.RollbackAsync(cancellationToken);
-            return ConflictProblem("编号已存在，或关联数据无效。");
-        }
-    }
-
     private async Task<ActionResult> SaveNoContentAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
         try
@@ -465,14 +393,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelController(
             Status = StatusCodes.Status409Conflict
         });
 
-    private ActionResult AccountProblem(string detail) =>
-        Conflict(new ProblemDetails
-        {
-            Title = "登录账号创建失败",
-            Detail = detail,
-            Status = StatusCodes.Status409Conflict
-        });
-
     private static string? Normalize(string? value) =>
         string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value.Trim();
 
@@ -502,8 +422,7 @@ public sealed record TeacherRequest(
     bool IsExternal,
     [MaxLength(30)] string? Phone,
     [EmailAddress, MaxLength(100)] string? Email,
-    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
-    [MinLength(8), MaxLength(100)] string? InitialPassword = null);
 
 public sealed record StudentRequest(
     [Required, MaxLength(30)] string StudentNumber,
@@ -516,5 +435,4 @@ public sealed record StudentRequest(
     DateOnly? DateOfBirth,
     [MaxLength(30)] string? Phone,
     [EmailAddress, MaxLength(100)] string? Email,
-    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes,
+    [MaxLength(500)] string? Notes);
-    [MinLength(8), MaxLength(100)] string? InitialPassword = null);

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/PersonnelExcelController.cs

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [Route("api/personnel")]
 public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
     AppDbContext db,
-    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope,
+    ICurrentUserDataScope currentUserDataScope) : ControllerBase
-    PersonnelAccountService personnelAccountService) : ControllerBase
 {
     private const string ReadRoles =
         SystemRoles.SuperAdmin + "," +
@@ -33,13 +32,13 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
     private static readonly string[] TeacherHeaders =
     [
         "工号", "姓名", "性别", "学院编码", "职称", "任职状态",
-        "入职日期", "教师类别", "联系电话", "电子邮箱", "备注", "初始密码"
+        "入职日期", "教师类别", "联系电话", "电子邮箱", "备注"
     ];
 
     private static readonly string[] StudentHeaders =
     [
         "学号", "姓名", "性别", "行政班编码", "入学年级", "入学日期",
-        "学籍状态", "出生日期", "联系电话", "电子邮箱", "备注", "初始密码"
+        "学籍状态", "出生日期", "联系电话", "电子邮箱", "备注"
     ];
 
     [HttpGet("{kind}/template")]
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
                     ? "工号是唯一标识；学院编码必须已存在。"
                     : "学号是唯一标识；行政班编码必须已存在。",
                 "编号已存在时更新档案，不存在时新增档案。",
-                "新增人员或补建账号时必须填写至少 8 位初始密码；已有关联账号时可留空。",
                 "日期填写为 yyyy-MM-dd；不适用的可选字段可以留空。",
                 "整批数据会先校验，任一行有误时均不会写入。"
             ]);
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
                 .Select(x => Row(
                     x.TeacherNumber, x.Name, GenderName(x.Gender), x.College!.Code,
                     x.Title, TeacherStatusName(x.Status), x.HireDate,
-                    x.IsExternal ? "外聘" : "校内", x.Phone, x.Email, x.Notes, null))
+                    x.IsExternal ? "外聘" : "校内", x.Phone, x.Email, x.Notes))
                 .ToList();
         }
         else
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
                 .Select(x => Row(
                     x.StudentNumber, x.Name, GenderName(x.Gender),
                     x.AdministrativeClass!.Code, x.EnrollmentYear, x.EnrollmentDate,
-                    StudentStatusName(x.Status), x.DateOfBirth, x.Phone, x.Email, x.Notes, null))
+                    StudentStatusName(x.Status), x.DateOfBirth, x.Phone, x.Email, x.Notes))
                 .ToList();
         }
 
@@ -214,12 +212,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
             entity.Phone = Optional(row, "联系电话");
             entity.Email = Optional(row, "电子邮箱");
             entity.Notes = Optional(row, "备注");
-            var account = await personnelAccountService.EnsureTeacherAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                Optional(row, "初始密码"),
-                cancellationToken);
-            if (!account.Success)
-                errors.Add($"第 {row.RowNumber} 行：{account.Error}");
         }
         return new(created, updated, rows.Count);
     }
@@ -292,12 +284,6 @@ public sealed class PersonnelExcelController(
             entity.Phone = Optional(row, "联系电话");
             entity.Email = Optional(row, "电子邮箱");
             entity.Notes = Optional(row, "备注");
-            var account = await personnelAccountService.EnsureStudentAccountAsync(
-                entity,
-                Optional(row, "初始密码"),
-                cancellationToken);
-            if (!account.Success)
-                errors.Add($"第 {row.RowNumber} 行：{account.Error}");
         }
         return new(created, updated, rows.Count);
     }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Auth/PersonnelAccountService.cs

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Academic;
-using Jiaowu.Api.Domain.Identity;
-using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
-using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
-
-namespace Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Auth;
-
-public sealed class PersonnelAccountService(
-    AppDbContext db,
-    UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager)
-{
-    public Task<PersonnelAccountResult> EnsureTeacherAccountAsync(
-        Teacher teacher,
-        string? initialPassword,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
-        EnsureAccountAsync(
-            teacher.Id,
-            teacher.UserId,
-            teacher.TeacherNumber,
-            teacher.Name,
-            teacher.CollegeId,
-            teacher.Status == TeacherStatus.Active,
-            SystemRoles.Teacher,
-            initialPassword,
-            userId => teacher.UserId = userId,
-            cancellationToken);
-
-    public async Task<PersonnelAccountResult> EnsureStudentAccountAsync(
-        Student student,
-        string? initialPassword,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-    {
-        var collegeId = await db.AdministrativeClasses.AsNoTracking()
-            .Where(x => x.Id == student.AdministrativeClassId)
-            .Select(x => (Guid?)x.Major!.CollegeId)
-            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
-        if (!collegeId.HasValue)
-            return PersonnelAccountResult.Failed("学生所在行政班或学院不存在。");
-
-        return await EnsureAccountAsync(
-            student.Id,
-            student.UserId,
-            student.StudentNumber,
-            student.Name,
-            collegeId.Value,
-            student.Status == StudentStatus.Active,
-            SystemRoles.Student,
-            initialPassword,
-            userId => student.UserId = userId,
-            cancellationToken);
-    }
-
-    private async Task<PersonnelAccountResult> EnsureAccountAsync(
-        Guid profileId,
-        Guid? linkedUserId,
-        string number,
-        string displayName,
-        Guid collegeId,
-        bool isEnabled,
-        string role,
-        string? initialPassword,
-        Action<Guid> linkProfile,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-    {
-        var normalizedNumber = number.Trim();
-        ApplicationUser? user = null;
-        if (linkedUserId.HasValue)
-            user = await userManager.FindByIdAsync(linkedUserId.Value.ToString());
-        user ??= await userManager.FindByNameAsync(normalizedNumber);
-
-        if (user is null)
-        {
-            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(initialPassword))
-                return PersonnelAccountResult.Failed("请填写至少 8 位初始密码，以便同时创建登录账号。");
-
-            user = new ApplicationUser
-            {
-                UserName = normalizedNumber,
-                DisplayName = displayName.Trim(),
-                StaffNumber = normalizedNumber,
-                CollegeId = collegeId,
-                IsEnabled = isEnabled,
-                LockoutEnabled = true
-            };
-            var createResult = await userManager.CreateAsync(user, initialPassword);
-            if (!createResult.Succeeded) return Failed(createResult);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            var occupied = role == SystemRoles.Teacher
-                ? await db.Teachers.AsNoTracking().AnyAsync(
-                    x =>
-                        x.Id != profileId &&
-                        x.UserId == user.Id &&
-                        x.TeacherNumber != normalizedNumber,
-                    cancellationToken)
-                : await db.Students.AsNoTracking().AnyAsync(
-                    x =>
-                        x.Id != profileId &&
-                        x.UserId == user.Id &&
-                        x.StudentNumber != normalizedNumber,
-                    cancellationToken);
-            if (occupied)
-                return PersonnelAccountResult.Failed($"登录账号“{normalizedNumber}”已关联其他人员档案。");
-
-            user.UserName = normalizedNumber;
-            user.DisplayName = displayName.Trim();
-            user.StaffNumber = normalizedNumber;
-            user.CollegeId = collegeId;
-            user.IsEnabled = isEnabled;
-            var updateResult = await userManager.UpdateAsync(user);
-            if (!updateResult.Succeeded) return Failed(updateResult);
-        }
-
-        if (!await userManager.IsInRoleAsync(user, role))
-        {
-            var roleResult = await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, role);
-            if (!roleResult.Succeeded) return Failed(roleResult);
-        }
-
-        linkProfile(user.Id);
-        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
-        return PersonnelAccountResult.Succeeded(user.Id, normalizedNumber);
-    }
-
-    private static PersonnelAccountResult Failed(IdentityResult result) =>
-        PersonnelAccountResult.Failed(string.Join(
-            "；",
-            result.Errors.Select(x => x.Description)));
-}
-
-public sealed record PersonnelAccountResult(
-    bool Success,
-    Guid? UserId,
-    string? UserName,
-    string? Error)
-{
-    public static PersonnelAccountResult Succeeded(Guid userId, string userName) =>
-        new(true, userId, userName, null);
-
-    public static PersonnelAccountResult Failed(string error) =>
-        new(false, null, null, error);
-}

src/Jiaowu.Api/Program.cs

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Middleware;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Persistence;
 using Jiaowu.Api.Infrastructure.Scheduling;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
 using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
 using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
+using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
 
 var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
 
@@ -85,7 +87,6 @@ builder.Services.Configure<JwtOptions>(
 builder.Services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<ITokenService, TokenService>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<ICurrentUserDataScope, CurrentUserDataScope>();
-builder.Services.AddScoped<PersonnelAccountService>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DatabaseInitializer>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DevelopmentSqliteMigrator>();
 builder.Services.AddScoped<DevelopmentDemoDataSeeder>();
@@ -112,6 +113,20 @@ builder.Services
         };
     });
 builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
+builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
+{
+    options.RejectionStatusCode = StatusCodes.Status429TooManyRequests;
+    options.AddPolicy("public-auth", context =>
+        RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(
+            context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString() ?? "unknown",
+            _ => new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
+            {
+                PermitLimit = 10,
+                Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5),
+                QueueLimit = 0,
+                AutoReplenishment = true
+            }));
+});
 
 builder.Services.AddCors(options =>
 {
@@ -212,6 +227,7 @@ app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
     }
 });
 app.UseCors("Web");
+app.UseRateLimiter();
 app.UseAuthentication();
 app.UseAuthorization();
 app.UseMiddleware<AuditMiddleware>();

web/src/router/index.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ const router = createRouter({
       component: () => import('../views/TimetableView.vue'),
       meta: { public: true },
     },
+    {
+      path: '/activate',
+      name: 'activate-account',
+      component: () => import('../views/AccountActivationView.vue'),
+      meta: { public: true },
+    },
     {
       path: '/',
       component: AdminLayout,

web/src/style.css

@@ -939,6 +939,7 @@ button { cursor: pointer; }
 .login-form label { display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; }
 .login-form label > span { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #525b6d; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 650; }
 .public-timetable-link { display: block; margin: 14px 0 18px; color: #176b87; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 650; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; }
+.account-activation-link { display: block; margin: -8px 0 18px; color: #315b73; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 650; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; }
 .login-submit { width: 100%; margin-top: 6px; height: 46px; }
 .dev-hint { margin-top: 24px; padding: 13px 15px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; color: #767e8d; background: #f5f7fa; font-size: 11px; }
 

web/src/views/AccountActivationView.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import http, { apiErrorMessage } from '../api/http'
+
+const router = useRouter()
+const loading = ref(false)
+const submitting = ref(false)
+const colleges = ref<any[]>([])
+const majors = ref<any[]>([])
+const classes = ref<any[]>([])
+const form = reactive({
+  name: '',
+  studentNumber: '',
+  collegeId: '',
+  majorId: '',
+  grade: undefined as number | undefined,
+  administrativeClassId: '',
+  password: '',
+  confirmPassword: '',
+})
+
+const availableMajors = computed(() =>
+  majors.value.filter((item) => item.collegeId === form.collegeId),
+)
+const availableGrades = computed(() => {
+  const values = classes.value
+    .filter((item) => item.majorId === form.majorId)
+    .map((item) => Number(item.grade))
+  return [...new Set(values)].sort((a, b) => b - a)
+})
+const availableClasses = computed(() =>
+  classes.value.filter((item) =>
+    item.majorId === form.majorId && Number(item.grade) === form.grade,
+  ),
+)
+
+watch(() => form.collegeId, () => {
+  form.majorId = ''
+  form.grade = undefined
+  form.administrativeClassId = ''
+})
+watch(() => form.majorId, () => {
+  form.grade = undefined
+  form.administrativeClassId = ''
+})
+watch(() => form.grade, () => {
+  form.administrativeClassId = ''
+})
+
+function validate() {
+  if (
+    !form.name.trim() ||
+    !form.studentNumber.trim() ||
+    !form.collegeId ||
+    !form.majorId ||
+    !form.grade ||
+    !form.administrativeClassId
+  ) {
+    ElMessage.warning('请完整填写学生身份信息。')
+    return false
+  }
+  if (
+    form.password.length < 8 ||
+    !/[a-z]/.test(form.password) ||
+    !/[A-Z]/.test(form.password) ||
+    !/\d/.test(form.password) ||
+    !/[^A-Za-z0-9]/.test(form.password)
+  ) {
+    ElMessage.warning('密码至少 8 位，并同时包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符。')
+    return false
+  }
+  if (form.password !== form.confirmPassword) {
+    ElMessage.warning('两次输入的密码不一致。')
+    return false
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+async function activate() {
+  if (!validate()) return
+  submitting.value = true
+  try {
+    const { data } = await http.post('/auth/activate-student', {
+      name: form.name.trim(),
+      studentNumber: form.studentNumber.trim(),
+      collegeId: form.collegeId,
+      majorId: form.majorId,
+      grade: form.grade,
+      administrativeClassId: form.administrativeClassId,
+      password: form.password,
+    })
+    ElMessage.success('账号激活成功，请使用学号和新密码登录。')
+    await router.replace({
+      name: 'login',
+      query: { userName: data.userName, activated: '1' },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    submitting.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+onMounted(async () => {
+  loading.value = true
+  try {
+    const { data } = await http.get('/auth/activation-options')
+    colleges.value = data.colleges
+    majors.value = data.majors
+    classes.value = data.classes
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+})
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <main class="activation-page">
+    <header class="activation-header">
+      <router-link to="/login">明序教务</router-link>
+      <router-link to="/timetable">班级课表查询</router-link>
+    </header>
+
+    <section class="activation-card" v-loading="loading">
+      <div class="activation-intro">
+        <span>STUDENT ACCOUNT ACTIVATION</span>
+        <h1>学生账号自助激活</h1>
+        <p>请按学籍档案如实填写。全部信息匹配后，学号将成为登录账号。</p>
+      </div>
+
+      <el-alert
+        type="info"
+        :closable="false"
+        title="每个学号只能激活一次。已激活或忘记密码的账号，请联系教务管理员处理。"
+      />
+
+      <el-form label-position="top" class="activation-form" @submit.prevent="activate">
+        <div class="activation-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="姓名" required>
+            <el-input v-model="form.name" autocomplete="name" placeholder="与学籍档案一致" />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="学号" required>
+            <el-input v-model="form.studentNumber" autocomplete="username" placeholder="完整学号" />
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+        <div class="activation-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="学院" required>
+            <el-select v-model="form.collegeId" filterable placeholder="选择学院">
+              <el-option
+                v-for="item in colleges"
+                :key="item.id"
+                :label="item.name"
+                :value="item.id"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="专业" required>
+            <el-select
+              v-model="form.majorId"
+              filterable
+              :disabled="!form.collegeId"
+              placeholder="选择专业"
+            >
+              <el-option
+                v-for="item in availableMajors"
+                :key="item.id"
+                :label="item.name"
+                :value="item.id"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+        <div class="activation-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="年级" required>
+            <el-select
+              v-model="form.grade"
+              :disabled="!form.majorId"
+              placeholder="选择年级"
+            >
+              <el-option
+                v-for="grade in availableGrades"
+                :key="grade"
+                :label="`${grade} 级`"
+                :value="grade"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="行政班" required>
+            <el-select
+              v-model="form.administrativeClassId"
+              filterable
+              :disabled="!form.grade"
+              placeholder="选择行政班"
+            >
+              <el-option
+                v-for="item in availableClasses"
+                :key="item.id"
+                :label="item.name"
+                :value="item.id"
+              />
+            </el-select>
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+        <div class="activation-grid">
+          <el-form-item label="设置密码" required>
+            <el-input
+              v-model="form.password"
+              type="password"
+              show-password
+              autocomplete="new-password"
+            />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item label="确认密码" required>
+            <el-input
+              v-model="form.confirmPassword"
+              type="password"
+              show-password
+              autocomplete="new-password"
+              @keyup.enter="activate"
+            />
+          </el-form-item>
+        </div>
+        <p class="password-rule">至少 8 位，须包含大写字母、小写字母、数字和特殊字符。</p>
+        <el-button
+          class="activation-submit"
+          type="primary"
+          size="large"
+          native-type="submit"
+          :loading="submitting"
+        >
+          核验信息并激活
+        </el-button>
+      </el-form>
+
+      <footer>
+        已有账号？
+        <router-link to="/login">返回登录</router-link>
+      </footer>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.activation-page { min-height: 100vh; padding: 0 24px 48px; background: #eef3f6; color: #17324d; }
+.activation-header { max-width: 920px; height: 68px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid #d7e0e7; }
+.activation-header a { color: #17324d; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
+.activation-header a:last-child { color: #176b87; font-size: 13px; }
+.activation-card { max-width: 760px; margin: 44px auto 0; padding: 36px 42px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #d7e0e7; box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(23, 50, 77, .08); }
+.activation-intro { margin-bottom: 22px; }
+.activation-intro span { color: #176b87; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .12em; }
+.activation-intro h1 { margin: 8px 0; font-size: 28px; }
+.activation-intro p { margin: 0; color: #687b8c; }
+.activation-form { margin-top: 24px; }
+.activation-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 18px; }
+.activation-form :deep(.el-select) { width: 100%; }
+.password-rule { margin: -4px 0 18px; color: #738596; font-size: 12px; }
+.activation-submit { width: 100%; }
+footer { margin-top: 22px; color: #718191; font-size: 13px; text-align: center; }
+footer a { color: #176b87; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
+@media (max-width: 640px) {
+  .activation-page { padding: 0 14px 28px; }
+  .activation-card { margin-top: 22px; padding: 26px 20px; }
+  .activation-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
+}
+</style>

web/src/views/LoginView.vue

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 const auth = useAuthStore()
 const loading = ref(false)
-const form = reactive({ userName: 'admin', password: 'Admin@123456' })
+const form = reactive({
+  userName: String(route.query.userName ?? 'admin'),
+  password: route.query.activated ? '' : 'Admin@123456',
+})
 
 async function submit() {
   loading.value = true
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ async function submit() {
           进入工作台
         </el-button>
         <router-link class="public-timetable-link" to="/timetable">无需登录，查询班级课表 →</router-link>
+        <router-link class="account-activation-link" to="/activate">学生首次登录？自助激活账号 →</router-link>
         <div class="dev-hint">
           <b>本地开发账号</b>
           <span>admin / Admin@123456</span>

web/src/views/PersonnelView.vue

@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ function resetForm(row?: any) {
       phone: '',
       email: '',
       notes: '',
-      initialPassword: '',
     }, row ?? {})
   } else {
     const currentYear = new Date().getFullYear()
@@ -129,7 +128,6 @@ function resetForm(row?: any) {
       phone: '',
       email: '',
       notes: '',
-      initialPassword: '',
     }, row ?? {})
   }
 }
@@ -268,22 +266,11 @@ async function save() {
     ElMessage.warning(`请填写${numberLabel.value}和姓名。`)
     return
   }
-  if ((!editingId.value || !form.userId) && String(form.initialPassword ?? '').length < 8) {
-    ElMessage.warning('请设置至少 8 位初始密码，系统会同时创建同号登录账号。')
-    return
-  }
   try {
     const path = `/personnel/${active.value}`
-    const payload = { ...form }
+    if (editingId.value) await http.put(`${path}/${editingId.value}`, form)
-    if (editingId.value && form.userId) {
+    else await http.post(path, form)
-      delete payload.initialPassword
+    ElMessage.success(editingId.value ? '档案已更新' : '档案已建立')
-    }
-    if (editingId.value) {
-      await http.put(`${path}/${editingId.value}`, payload)
-    } else {
-      await http.post(path, payload)
-    }
-    ElMessage.success(editingId.value ? '档案与登录账号已同步' : '档案和同号登录账号已建立')
     dialogVisible.value = false
     await load()
   } catch (error) {
@@ -423,7 +410,7 @@ watch(active, async () => {
         <el-table-column label="登录账号" width="105">
           <template #default="{ row }">
             <span class="table-status" :class="{ off: !row.userId }">
-              {{ row.userId ? '已开通' : '未开通' }}
+              {{ row.userId ? '已激活' : '未激活' }}
             </span>
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
@@ -521,23 +508,6 @@ watch(active, async () => {
           <el-form-item label="电子邮箱"><el-input v-model="form.email" /></el-form-item>
         </div>
         <el-form-item label="备注"><el-input v-model="form.notes" type="textarea" :rows="3" /></el-form-item>
-        <el-alert
-          v-if="!editingId || !form.userId"
-          type="info"
-          :closable="false"
-          :title="editingId
-            ? '该历史档案尚未开通账号，本次保存会以工号或学号补建登录账号。'
-            : '保存档案后，系统会以工号或学号作为登录账号，并自动分配对应角色。'"
-        />
-        <el-form-item v-if="!editingId || !form.userId" label="初始密码" required>
-          <el-input
-            v-model="form.initialPassword"
-            type="password"
-            show-password
-            autocomplete="new-password"
-            placeholder="至少 8 位，仅用于创建密码哈希"
-          />
-        </el-form-item>
       </el-form>
       <template #footer>
         <el-button @click="dialogVisible = false">取消</el-button>