新增按学期配置的“自动排课优化”页签，可调教师/行政班同日集中、行政班空档与连堂、首末节、教室容量冗余等权重。

自动排课在所有硬约束满足后，对候选排法应用这些软约束评分；不会改动既有课程或已发布课表。

web/src/views/SchedulesView.vue

@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ const revisingPublishedPlan = ref(false)
 const entryForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const constraintForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
 const constraintBatchForm = reactive<Record<string, any>>({})
+const optimizationSettings = reactive({
+  teacherSameDayWeight: 120,
+  classSameDayWeight: 100,
+  classGapWeight: 240,
+  consecutiveClassWeight: 60,
+  earlyPeriodPenalty: 30,
+  latePeriodPenalty: 30,
+  roomCapacityWasteWeight: 1,
+})
+const optimizationSaving = ref(false)
 const constraintFilters = reactive({
   keyword: '',
   collegeId: undefined as string | undefined,
@@ -283,20 +293,39 @@ function timeLabel(period: number) {
 async function loadSchedulingSettings() {
   if (!termId.value) return
   try {
-    const [timeRes, constraintRes] = await Promise.all([
+    const [timeRes, constraintRes, optimizationRes] = await Promise.all([
       http.get('/schedules/time-slots', { params: { academicTermId: termId.value } }),
       http.get('/schedules/constraints', { params: { academicTermId: termId.value } }),
+      http.get('/schedules/optimization-settings', { params: { academicTermId: termId.value } }),
     ])
     timeSlots.value = timeRes.data
     constraints.value = constraintRes.data
     tasks.value = constraintRes.data.filter(
       (item: any) => item.schedulingMode === 'Standard',
     )
+    Object.assign(optimizationSettings, optimizationRes.data)
   } catch (error) {
     ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
   }
 }
 
+async function saveOptimizationSettings() {
+  if (!termId.value) return
+  try {
+    optimizationSaving.value = true
+    const { data } = await http.put(
+      `/schedules/optimization-settings/${termId.value}`,
+      optimizationSettings,
+    )
+    Object.assign(optimizationSettings, data)
+    ElMessage.success('自动排课优化策略已保存')
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(apiErrorMessage(error))
+  } finally {
+    optimizationSaving.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 async function changeTerm() {
   await Promise.all([loadPlans(false), loadSchedulingSettings()])
 }
@@ -1220,6 +1249,56 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
           </el-table>
         </el-tab-pane>
 
+        <el-tab-pane label="自动排课优化" name="optimization">
+          <div class="settings-lead">
+            <div>
+              <b>自动排课优化策略</b>
+              <span>硬约束始终优先；数值越高，自动排课越会规避对应情况。设为 0 可关闭该偏好。</span>
+            </div>
+            <el-button type="primary" :loading="optimizationSaving" @click="saveOptimizationSettings">
+              保存优化策略
+            </el-button>
+          </div>
+          <el-alert
+            title="这些设置仅影响之后新提交的自动排课任务，不会改动已生成或已发布的课程安排。"
+            type="info"
+            :closable="false"
+            show-icon
+          />
+          <el-form label-position="top" class="optimization-form">
+            <div class="form-grid">
+              <el-form-item label="教师同日课次惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.teacherSameDayWeight" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">优先将同一教师的课程分散到不同日期。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="行政班同日课次惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.classSameDayWeight" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">避免某个行政班的课程过度集中在同一天。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="行政班空档惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.classGapWeight" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">优先安排在同日已有课程相邻的时段，减少等待空档。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="行政班连堂惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.consecutiveClassWeight" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">避免不同课程紧邻造成连续上课；课程自身双节安排不受影响。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="首节课惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.earlyPeriodPenalty" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">在可选候选中降低排到当天首节的概率。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="末节课惩罚">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.latePeriodPenalty" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">在可选候选中降低排到当天末节的概率。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+              <el-form-item label="教室容量冗余权重">
+                <el-input-number v-model="optimizationSettings.roomCapacityWasteWeight" :min="0" :max="10000" />
+                <small class="field-hint">优先使用容量更贴合教学班人数的可用教室。</small>
+              </el-form-item>
+            </div>
+          </el-form>
+        </el-tab-pane>
+
          <el-tab-pane label="课程排课约束" name="constraints">
            <div class="settings-lead">
              <div>