新增按学期配置的“自动排课优化”页签，可调教师/行政班同日集中、行政班空档与连堂、首末节、教室容量冗余等权重。

自动排课在所有硬约束满足后，对候选排法应用这些软约束评分；不会改动既有课程或已发布课表。

src/Jiaowu.Api/Controllers/ScheduleSettingsController.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,46 @@ namespace Jiaowu.Api.Controllers;
 [Route("api/schedules")]
 public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache) : ControllerBase
 {
+    [HttpGet("optimization-settings")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> GetOptimizationSettings(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var settings = await db.ScheduleOptimizationSettings.AsNoTracking()
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId, cancellationToken)
+            ?? ScheduleOptimizationSettings.CreateDefault(academicTermId);
+        return Ok(ToOptimizationSettingsResponse(settings));
+    }
+
+    [HttpPut("optimization-settings/{academicTermId:guid}")]
+    public async Task<ActionResult> SaveOptimizationSettings(
+        Guid academicTermId,
+        ScheduleOptimizationSettingsRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (!await db.AcademicTerms.AnyAsync(
+                x => x.Id == academicTermId && x.IsEnabled,
+                cancellationToken))
+            return ValidationProblem("学期不存在或已停用。");
+
+        var settings = await db.ScheduleOptimizationSettings
+            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.AcademicTermId == academicTermId, cancellationToken);
+        if (settings is null)
+        {
+            settings = ScheduleOptimizationSettings.CreateDefault(academicTermId);
+            db.ScheduleOptimizationSettings.Add(settings);
+        }
+        settings.TeacherSameDayWeight = request.TeacherSameDayWeight;
+        settings.ClassSameDayWeight = request.ClassSameDayWeight;
+        settings.ClassGapWeight = request.ClassGapWeight;
+        settings.ConsecutiveClassWeight = request.ConsecutiveClassWeight;
+        settings.EarlyPeriodPenalty = request.EarlyPeriodPenalty;
+        settings.LatePeriodPenalty = request.LatePeriodPenalty;
+        settings.RoomCapacityWasteWeight = request.RoomCapacityWasteWeight;
+        await db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return Ok(ToOptimizationSettingsResponse(settings));
+    }
+
     [HttpGet("time-slots")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> GetTimeSlots(
         Guid academicTermId,
@@ -32,6 +72,17 @@ public sealed class ScheduleSettingsController(AppDbContext db, IAppCache cache)
             })
             .ToListAsync(cancellationToken));
 
+    private static object ToOptimizationSettingsResponse(ScheduleOptimizationSettings settings) => new
+    {
+        settings.TeacherSameDayWeight,
+        settings.ClassSameDayWeight,
+        settings.ClassGapWeight,
+        settings.ConsecutiveClassWeight,
+        settings.EarlyPeriodPenalty,
+        settings.LatePeriodPenalty,
+        settings.RoomCapacityWasteWeight
+    };
+
     [HttpPut("time-slots/{academicTermId:guid}")]
     public async Task<ActionResult> ReplaceTimeSlots(
         Guid academicTermId,
@@ -544,6 +595,15 @@ public sealed record ScheduleTimeSlotRequest(
     TimeOnly EndsAt,
     bool IsEnabled);
 
+public sealed record ScheduleOptimizationSettingsRequest(
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int TeacherSameDayWeight,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int ClassSameDayWeight,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int ClassGapWeight,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int ConsecutiveClassWeight,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int EarlyPeriodPenalty,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int LatePeriodPenalty,
+    [Range(0, 10_000)] int RoomCapacityWasteWeight);
+
 public sealed record TeachingTaskScheduleConstraintRequest(
     TeachingTaskSchedulingMode SchedulingMode,
     bool RequiresClassroom,

src/Jiaowu.Api/Domain/Academic/ScheduleEntities.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,26 @@ public sealed class ScheduleTimeSlot : EntityBase
     public bool IsEnabled { get; set; } = true;
 }
 
+/// <summary>
+/// 学期级自动排课的软约束权重。所有值为 0 时表示关闭对应偏好；
+/// 硬约束（冲突、容量和课程可用范围）始终优先于这些设置。
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class ScheduleOptimizationSettings : EntityBase
+{
+    public Guid AcademicTermId { get; set; }
+    public AcademicTerm? AcademicTerm { get; set; }
+    public int TeacherSameDayWeight { get; set; } = 120;
+    public int ClassSameDayWeight { get; set; } = 100;
+    public int ClassGapWeight { get; set; } = 240;
+    public int ConsecutiveClassWeight { get; set; } = 60;
+    public int EarlyPeriodPenalty { get; set; } = 30;
+    public int LatePeriodPenalty { get; set; } = 30;
+    public int RoomCapacityWasteWeight { get; set; } = 1;
+
+    public static ScheduleOptimizationSettings CreateDefault(Guid academicTermId) =>
+        new() { AcademicTermId = academicTermId };
+}
+
 public sealed class TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint : EntityBase
 {
     public Guid TeachingTaskId { get; set; }

src/Jiaowu.Api/Infrastructure/Persistence/AppDbContext.cs

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
     public DbSet<ScheduleEntry> ScheduleEntries => Set<ScheduleEntry>();
     public DbSet<PublishedScheduleOccurrence> PublishedScheduleOccurrences => Set<PublishedScheduleOccurrence>();
     public DbSet<ScheduleTimeSlot> ScheduleTimeSlots => Set<ScheduleTimeSlot>();
+    public DbSet<ScheduleOptimizationSettings> ScheduleOptimizationSettings =>
+        Set<ScheduleOptimizationSettings>();
     public DbSet<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint> TeachingTaskScheduleConstraints =>
         Set<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>();
     public DbSet<TeachingTaskAllowedClassroom> TeachingTaskAllowedClassrooms =>
@@ -518,6 +520,15 @@ public sealed class AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options)
                 .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
         });
 
+        builder.Entity<ScheduleOptimizationSettings>(entity =>
+        {
+            entity.HasIndex(x => x.AcademicTermId).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasOne(x => x.AcademicTerm)
+                .WithMany()
+                .HasForeignKey(x => x.AcademicTermId)
+                .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
+        });
+
         builder.Entity<TeachingTaskScheduleConstraint>(entity =>
         {
             entity.Property(x => x.AllowedDayOfWeeks).HasMaxLength(20);